Energy and Environmental Assessment

The assignment requires a comprehensive energy and environmental assessment of a building, covering various aspects such as thermal performance, air conditioning systems, natural ventilation, artificial lighting, and more. The assessment follows a specific format with points allocated to each category, including Part 1-5. It's essential for students to understand the scoring system and follow the guidelines provided to achieve optimal scores.

Module: Green Building Assessment Standards
Question 1
You are required to demonstrate your understanding of what was learnt in your GMFM course
by submitting the application with relevant supporting documents for Green Mark certification.
As the project leader, assess and recommend an appropriate version of BCA Green Mark
assessment criteria for the headquarter building.
The assessment criteria that will be used for headquarter building will be energy efficiency,
which will comprise of ensuring that the following areas have the highest scores for it to be
able to win the Green mark gold, the area under consideration will include, monthly electrical
meter monitory through reading it, the performance based on the thermal on the envelope of the
building, thermal parameters, system of air conditioning, density of light, lifts having efficiency
of energy, management of energy, energy efficient renewed and finally artificial lighting.
(5 marks)

Question 2
Prior to assessing the building’s current score, explain and discuss with the management the
certification process with BCA in order to obtain Green Mark Gold for the Green Mark criteria
recommended.
In order to achieve Green Mark Gold then the management should ensure that the following
areas or sections will have to achieve the stipulated points.
i. Under the energy efficiency management should ensure that it is possible for it to
achieve a minimum of four points.
ii. Under lighting power the budget should be able to achieve a minimum of 24%
iii. Creation of awareness on the building tenants regarding the sustainable
environment, the management should ensure this section achieves three points.
iv. Achievement of three points by ensuring that environmental policies and review on
it.
v. Setting up a reminder that is capable of maintaining air conditioning at 240 point.
vi. Achievement of two points on the involvement of management in all the activities.
vii. Achieving two points by providing a green corner in each house unit with enough
house working material.
viii. Appoint in each and every floor an environmental chairman to ensure every sector
that involvement environment in each floor is totally addressed to the management
in time.
(10 marks)

Question 3
Please also assess and compute the assessment fee (including GST) in your briefing to the
management. Include a screen shot of the assessment fee guide from BCA website that you
have made reference to.
(10 marks)
Size Existing HQ building
GFA: square metre
Assessment fee for
certification
Medium and above 37,800 = $8,900 for the first 15,
000 m2
= $0.15 *(37800 – 15000)
= $3,420
Total = $8900 + $34200 =
$12,320
GTS = 7% * $12,320
= $862.40
Net cost = $8900 + $34200
+ $862.40 = $13,182.40

Question 4
After you have completed your assessment, you are required to appraise and present to the
management of the company current Green Mark score points of the existing headquarter office
building based on the preliminary findings. (Preliminary findings are provided in Appendix A)
Category Available
Points
Curre
nt
Points
(Q4)
Propo
sed
Additio
nal
Points
(Q5)
Total
Points
(Q4+Q5)
Reasons
(Q6)
Energy Efficiency
1-1 Thermal performance of
building envelope
 Maximum
permissible
REVT = 30
W/m2
10 5
15
REVT should
be less or
equal to 22
W/m2
1-2 System of air
conditioning
a) Ac having a unit
of condensing
model and
coefficient of
performance
b) An A/c system
efficiency
 Air
12 10 22 Energy
reduction by
ensuring that
efficient
system of air
conditioning
is used.
Point scored
= 0.2 *
percentage

conditione
rs
 Unitary
improvement
= 0.2 * 1.08 =
0.216%
1-3 Daylight 4 2 6 To obtain a
maximum
power budget
of lighting for
either artificial
light or
control lights
will comply
with 530:
2014.
1-4 Energy efficient index 3 4 7
1-5 System artificial of
lighting
3 7 10 To obtain a
maximum
power budget
of lighting for
either artificial
light or
control lights
will comply
with 530:
2014.
1-6 Ventilation in carpark 4 2 6 Use to reduce
the energy
that will
needed for
operation of
car park.

Point scored
= 0.05 *
percentage
from baseline
= 0.05 * 1.08
= 0.054%
1-7 Lift 0 1 1 The lift will
be required to
be equipped
with a variable
AC voltage,
features of
sleep mode
and variable
frequency
(VVVF).
1-8 Renewable energy
Encouragement on
applying sources of
renewable energy in HQ
building
 use of solar
energy
 use of sun pipes
 use of system that
recover heat
8 12 20 Encourage use
of renewable
energy

 use of lifts that
are regenerative
 use of light
shelves
 use of heat pumps
(20 marks)
Question 5
Next, demonstrate your detailed breakdown of the targeted scoring of the building, in order to
obtain the Green Mark Gold award. You are also advised to include additional points in your
proposal for buffer.
Note : In your proposal, you are required to estimate the energy savings, replacement of
electricity by renewable energy and Energy Efficiency Index based on the Monthly Electricity
Consumption (kWh) provided in Appendix A.
Energy efficiency Points
Thermal performance of building
envelope
REVT reduced to 22 W/m2 or less.
Target point awarded = 15 points

Energy efficiency
i) Calculation of
energy utilisation
index in
kWh/m2/year
ii) Calculation of Energy index
per occupant person
(kWh/person/year)
a) Secondary energy utilisation
in kWh/m2/year
Points Secondary
8 ≤ 27
7 ≤ 32
6 ≤ 35
5 ≤ 40
4 ≤ 74
Prior requirement: ensure there is an
achievement of 8 point
b) The secondary energy index
per person per year
Points Secondary
7 ≤ 487
6 ≤ 576
5 ≤ 677
4 ≤ 1034
3 ≤ 4370
Prior requirement: ensure there is an

achievement of 7 point
Total point targeted = 15 points
System of air conditioning
a) Ac having a unit of
condensing model and
coefficient of
performance
b) An A/c system efficiency
 Air conditioners
 Unitary
Prior requirement: ensure there is an
achievement of 11 point
i. Cooling load of more
than 500RT
Achievement efficiency of 1.1
kW/ton will result to 4 points
The improvement of percentage in
the efficiency of the Chiller plant that
is better than 1.0 kW/ton will achieve
0.2 points
Scored point = 0.2 * the percentage
of improvement.
ii. Cooling load of less than
500RT
Achievement efficiency of 1.0

High temperature on the rooms
kW/ton will result to 4 points
The improvement of percentage in
the efficiency of the Chiller plant that
is better than 1.0 kW/ton will achieve
0.25 points
Scored point = 0.25 * the percentage
of improvement.
Achievement of up to 1 point
Total point targeted = 22 points
Artificial system of lighting
a) Power budget
Awarding of 0.25 points for an
improvement percentage on power
budget lighting
Scored point = 0.25 * the percentage
of improvement that will be better
than LPB
Prior requirement will award 5 points
Coverage extension of at least 90%

b) Photon light sensors in
i) Toilets
ii) Staircases
iii) Controlling of lights
on areas which are applicable
Awarding of 0.5 points on each area
which are applicable.
Tenant adjusting light to their
comfortable use.
Less than 50% of light control award
(1 point)
Less than 90% of light control award
(2 point)
Total targeted awarded points = 10
points
Ventilation in;
i) Toilets
ii) Staircases
iii) Corridors
Natural ventilation award 1 point
Mechanical ventilation award 0.5
points
Total target point awarded = 6 points
Lift Total targeted point of 1 point for well
working installed lift
Renewable energy
Awarding of 3 points if 1% energy

Encouragement on applying
sources of renewable energy in
HQ building
 use of solar energy
 use of sun pipes
 use of system that recover
heat
 use of lifts that are
regenerative
 use of light shelves
 use of heat pumps
will be saved based the total building
consumption.
Total target point awarded = 12 points
(20 marks)
Question 6

Explain and discuss the necessary reasons for all categories under the Green Mark framework.
You are also required to include your calculations, such as the percentage savings in deriving
the points scored.
(20 marks)
The efficient energy system of air conditioning will require less energy if it has better system
performance in production and distribution of air in the spaces of the HQ building
The unitary system of air conditioning for cooling load should have a minimum of NA(0.9,
N.A) for value that is less than 500 RT in order to achieve a Gold rating of Green Mark.
The system of water cooled chill for cooling load should have a minimum of N.A(0.75, N.A)
for value that is less than 500 RT in order to achieve a Gold rating of Green Mark.
The system district cooling for cooling load should have a minimum of 0.9(0.65, N.A) for
minimum value of DSE in order to achieve a Gold rating of Green Mark
The lighting energy efficiency that will have adequate strategies of control will require less
energy for it to illuminate the HQ building space, to obtain a maximum power budget of
lighting for either artificial light or control lights will comply with 530: 2014.
The vertical efficiency of lift transportation should use less energy to ferry the tenants on the
upper floors of the HQ building, therefore the lift will be required to be equipped with a
variable AC voltage, features of sleep mode and variable frequency (VVVF).

The energy needed in production and distribution of air conditioned in HQ building need to be
reduced by ensuring that efficient system of air conditioning is used.
Point scored = 0.2 * percentage improvement
= 0.2 * 1.08 = 0.216%
The usage of efficient energy of the ventilation of car park and system of light should use to
reduce the energy that will needed for operation of car park.
Point scored = 0.05 * percentage from baseline
= 0.05 * 1.08 = 0.054%
Reference
Chua, S. C., & Oh, T. H. (2011). Green progress and prospect in Malaysia. Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews, 15(6), 2850-2861.
Deng, Y., Li, Z., & Quigley, J. M. (2012). Economic returns to energy-efficient investments in
the housing market: evidence from Singapore. Regional Science and Urban
Economics, 42(3), 506-515.

Hwang, B. G., & Tan, J. S. (2012). Green building project management: obstacles and
solutions for sustainable development. Sustainable development, 20(5), 335-349.
Mao, X., Lu, H., & Li, Q. (2009, September). A comparison study of mainstream
sustainable/green building rating tools in the world. In Management and Service
Science, 2009. MASS'09. International Conference on (pp. 1-5). IEEE.
Wu, P., & Low, S. P. (2010). Project management and green buildings: lessons from the rating
systems. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice, 136(2),
64-70.
https://www.bca.gov.sg/greenmark/others/gm_resi_v4.1.pdf
Appendix A: Available Building Information
(i) Project info
- Building: TLY HQ
- Year Built: 1998
- Site Area: 8,200 m2

- Gross Floor Area: 37,800m2
- Block: 1 block
- Storey: 15-storey and 2-basement
(ii) Monthly Electricity Consumption (kWh)
Month kWh
Jan 611,000
Feb 635,000
Mar 630,000
Apr 586,000
May 560,000
Jun 608,000
Jul 514,000
Aug 499,000
Sep 533,000
Oct 522,000
Nov 511,000
Dec 483,000
Total 6,692,000

Table 1: Monthly Electricity Consum
ption
(iii) Audit report
Figure 1: Cooling load profile for TLY HQ

Figure 2: Air-conditioning system efficiency for TLY HQ
Equipment
Description
Quantity Refrigerant Capacity Remarks
Chiller No 1 1 R123 650RT VSD, certified
by SGBC
Chiller No 2 1 R134a 500RT VSD, certified
by SGBC
Chiller No 3 1 R134a 250RT VSD, certified
by SGBC
Chiller No 4 1 R134a 150RT VSD, certified
by SGBC
Chilled Water Pump 2 - 15kW (each) VSD

1 & 2
Chilled Water Pump
3
1 - 5.5kW VSD
Chilled Water Pump
4
1 - 3.5kW VSD
Condenser Water
Pump 1
1 - 55kW VSD
Condenser Water
Pump 2
1 - 37kW VSD
Condenser Water
Pump 3 & 4
2 - 19kW(each) VSD
Cooling Towers 4 - 7.5kW x 2
(each)
VSD
Table 2: Equipment list for TLY HQ
Equipment Total Air
Flow
(CMH)
Existing
(W/CMH)
Total
Existing
Motor
Power
Rating
Allowable
nameplate
motor
power
(W/CMH)
Total
Allowable
Motor
Power
Rating

(W) (W)
Variable volume 11,000 0.74 8,140 0.74 8,140
Constant volume 9,000 0.47 4,230 0.47 4,230
Total 20,000 12,370 12,370
Table 3: Summary of air-distribution system for TLY HQ
Spaces
Estimated
Area (m2)
Total
Existing
Power
Consumptio
n
(W)
Total
Reference
(SS530)
Power
Consumptio
n
(W)
Existing
Lighting
Power
Density
(W/m2)
Total
Reference
(SS530)
Power
Consumption
(W/m2)
Offices 24,000 340,010 360,000 9.2 15
Lobbies 2,000 19,778 20,000 9.9 10
Stairs 1,120 5,010 6,720 4.5 6
Corrido
rs
2,700 26,553 27,000 10 10
Stores 800 5,960 8,000 7.5 10
Car
Park
6,000 23,040 30,000 3.8 5
Cafe 80 616 1,200 7.7 15
Toilet 1,100 16,281 16,281 14.8 14.8

437,248 469,201
All fluorescent lightings with high frequency ballasts
Table 4: Existing lighting schedule
(iv) Other Information on Energy Efficiency
- Part of the information for building glazing and wall details are not available
- No permanent measuring instrumentation to monitor the chilled-water system -
SGLS certified auto-condenser tube cleaning system is installed
- Sensors are used to regulate outdoor air flow rate to maintain the concentration
of carbon dioxide
- 90% of the spaces are air-conditioned, except followings:
a. Toilets and staircase: Natural Ventilation
b. Pantries and lift lobbies: Mechanical Ventilation
c. Carpark: Mechanical ventilation with CO sensors
- 6 nos of lifts, all with destination control system, sleep mode and variable
frequency motor drive
- No escalator in the building
- Light fittings @ perimeter spaces are photo sensors linked to turn off the light
when lux level are sufficient. Light fittings @ lift lobbies & toilets are motion
sensors linked to turn off the light when there is no occupant. Estimated 9,800
kWh savings of electricity annually.
- 50kWp of grid-tie photovoltaic (poly-crystalline) installed on the roof. 55
MWh electricity produced annually.

(v) Water Efficiency
- BMS linked water sub-meters are installed to monitor major water
consumption
- Refer to Image 1 below for the WEB Certificate
- Automatic drip irrigation system linked to rain sensor is provided for all
landscape
- Cooling towers water treatment system achieves at least 8 cycles of
concentration at acceptable water quality
- NEWater is not available for the site

Image 1: WEB Certificate
(vi) Sustainable Operation and Management
- Company Environmental and green procurement policies are in place
- Good green practice is sent to all staff digitally
- ISO14000 is adopted
- The management has also tasked the maintenance team to track and report
followings every month:
a. the electricity and water consumption

b. recyclable waste collected
- Based on the report, the management will establish continuous improvement
targets
- Recycling bins are provided at every floor. Dedicated room is provided to store
the recyclable waste for collection.
- Green corner is also set-up at main lobby. The content includes the
environmental policy, monthly electricity and water saved, energy generated
from the solar panel system and general good green practice
- No post occupancy survey is conducted
- Greenery provision (GnP) is 0.9
- The roof top has been fully occupied by the building services equipment
- Refrigerant leak detection system is installed
- TLY HQ is located next to MRT station, linked via covered walkway
- 10 bicycle parking lots are provided
(vii) Indoor Environmental Quality
- No IAQ audit has been conducted
- Room temperature display devices for all offices at every floor
- Water based paints certified by SGLS is used
- All lighting level are designed to meet SS531 standards
- All workstations are equipped with task lights
- Temperature is maintained at 25°C, 60% RH
- Occupants cannot control temperature

- It is unsure whether the noise level complying to the SS553
- UV Emitters are installed in all AHU rooms
(viii) Suggested presentation format
Category Available
Points
Current
Points
(Q4)
Proposed
Additional
Points
(Q5)
Total
Points
(Q4+Q5)
Reasons (Q6)
Part 1 Energy Efficiency
1-1 Thermal
Performance of
Building
Envelope –
ETTV
1-2 Air-
Conditioning
System
1-3 Natural
Ventilation /
Mechanical
Ventilation
1-4 Artificial

Lighting
1-5 Ventilation in
carparks
1-6 Ventilation in
Common Areas
1-7 Lifts and
Escalators
1-8 Energy
Efficiency
Practices and
Features
1-9 Energy Policy
and
Management
1-10 Renewable
Energy
Sub-Total for
Part 1
Part 2 Water Efficiency
2-1 Water
Monitoring
2-2 Water Efficient

Fittings
2-3 Alternative
Water Sources
2-4 Water
Efficiency
Improvement
Plans
2-5 Irrigation System
and
Landscaping
2-6 Cooling Towers
Sub-Total for
Part 2
Part 3 Sustainable Operation and Management
3-1 Building
Operation and
Maintenance
3-2 Post Occupancy
Evaluation
3-3 Waste
Management
3-4 Sustainable