Motivation Theories and Their Practical Application in Business
Verified
Added on 2023/06/10
|7
|2152
|170
AI Summary
This essay discusses the relevant theories of motivation, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and McGregor's X and Y Theory, and how they can be applied practically in business. It also provides an analysis of each theory and recommendations for businesses to improve employee motivation.
Contribute Materials
Your contribution can guide someone’s learning journey. Share your
documents today.
Cover Page Student Name: Student ID: Module Name:Managing People and Systems Assessment 2:Individual Essay Lecturer Name:
Secure Best Marks with AI Grader
Need help grading? Try our AI Grader for instant feedback on your assignments.
Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................................................2 Relevant theories..................................................................................................................................3 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs............................................................................................................3 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory..........................................................................................................3 McGregor’s X and Y Theory...............................................................................................................3 Analysis..................................................................................................................................................4 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs............................................................................................................4 Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory..........................................................................................................4 McGregor’s X and Y Theory...............................................................................................................4 Conclusion and Recommendations.......................................................................................................5 References.............................................................................................................................................6
Introduction Motivation can be described as process which stimulate people in order to complete action for attainment of goals. In order to attain goals of business, there are different psychological factors which create impact over behaviour of people (Guillen Guiral, 2018). It can be derived from needs, wants, derives present within a person. It is one of component to be adopted in business in order to motivate employees to work with efficient manner and also for improve work performance in organisation. This project report consists relevant theories of motivation to be adopted by business. It also consists discussion of how these theories can be applied practically in business. Relevant theories Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs It is one of motivation theory which was introduced by Abraham Maslow In the year 1943. It is one of important theory which divide newts of human in different categories. In this, after satisfaction of one need, a person shifts to second phase of needs. Explanation of these needs of Maslow theory is mentioned below: Physiological needs:It is one of need that consist basic requirement of human being that is essential for purpose of their survival. It consists clothing, food, shelter, sleep and other things. Safety needs:a person wants security and safety in their life that provide them stability. It can be in form of health and well-being, social stability, employment welfare and other things. Social needs:Human is a social person and due to this, they felt emotional needs of a person. It is a need which can be fulfilled through interpersonal relationship, connectedness, affiliating and other manner (Herron, 2022). Esteem needs:This need is linked with self-worth, respect as well as accomplishments. In order to satisfy these needs, a person require respect from other people, wants to build status and prestige in society. Self-actualisation:It is one of needs which is at the last stage of Maslow motivation theory. It can be satisfied with realisation of potential of individual, seeking personal growth and also self-fulfilment. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory It is one of motivation theory which was introduced by Fredrick Herzberg in the year 1959. Fredrick Herzberg is a behavioural scientist who proposed two factor theory which is also known as motivator hygiene theory (Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation, 2022). As per this theory, some factors are there which results in satisfaction whereas other factors contribute to prevent from dissatisfaction. In this theory, opposite of satisfaction is no satisfaction and opposite of dissatisfaction is no dissatisfaction. Hygiene Factors:Hygiene factors can be considered as one of important factors which are essential for purpose of existence of motivation at workplace. It is one of important component that leads to positive satisfaction for purpose of long-term period (Jamal and Siddiqui, 2020). Absence of these factors in business can leads to dissatisfaction in business. Presence of these factors foe not create dissatisfaction among employees and also known as maintenance factors needed for avoiding dissatisfaction.
Motivational Factors:Hygiene factors cannot be considered as motivators. Motivating factors are one which create positive satisfaction. These factors are present in work ands also motivate employees for purpose of superior performance. It is one of important factors that contribute positively over performance of job. These factors are considered as motivating for employees and also fulfil their psychological needs through providing them additional benefits. Figure1: Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory of Motivation McGregor’s X and Y Theory McGregor’s X and Y theory is one of motivation theory which was introduced by Douglas in the year 1960 for purpose of promotion of products and service. It is a theory that suggest two aspects in order to analyse human behaviour at workplace and also view individual from two different view (Kim and Lee, 2022). It consists one view is negative which is called as theory X and other is positive which is known as theory Y. As per this theory, managers of company have different perception for purpose of assumption of individual. Assumption of theory X:this theory assumes that employees is a lazy person who does not likes to work and also making efforts to escape from work. It is also a theory according to which employees are not ready to work and also compelled and warned through punishment for attainment of goals (Theory X and Theory Y, 2022). Assumption of theory Y:it is one of theory according to which employees can be relaxing and normal and also put their efforts in order to complete a work. In this, employers does not require external control and threat or coercion to work but require self-direction and self-control. Analysis Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs In order to apply this theory in modern workplace, business divide needs of employees for purpose of improve their motivation in business. On basis of it, business can satisfy employees and can also retain them for long term. There are five types of needs in this theory which are satisfied by business in following manner: Psychological needs:In order to satisfy these needs of employees, business provide proper wages to employees which allow them to satisfied their basic needs (Mitchell, Schuster and Jin, 2020). Safety needs:It is another need felt by employees which can be satisfied at modern workplace through offering them job security, medical and health insurance and other things.
Paraphrase This Document
Need a fresh take? Get an instant paraphrase of this document with our AI Paraphraser
Social needs:This need of employees can be satisfied with allowing them to develop informal group. It is important in business as it helps employees to feel comfortable at workplace. Esteem needs:Esteem needs can be satisfied by business by rewarding employees and providing them recognition for their hard work and also for their efforts for business. Self-actualisation:It is the last needs of Maslow hexarchy which can be satisfied by business by offering promotion, transfer, appraisal at workplace. Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory Herzberg motivation theory is also a motivation theory which can be adopted by modern organisation in order to improve motivation of employees. It is important in order to improve satisfaction of employees and also prevent them from dissatisfaction at workplace. Hygiene factors:It is one of factor that is essential in order to prevent factors that leads to dissatisfaction among employees. Components included in this are mentioned below: Payis one of important factors that will prevent dissatisfaction among employees as it is important for a business to provide competitive and appropriate pay to employees who are working hard in business (Petchdee, 2021). Policy of company and administrationshould not also be rigid as it also creates dissatisfaction among employees. In order to satisfied this need, business needs to offer flexible working hours, dress code, breaks and vacation to employees. Business can also offerjob security, plosive working condition to employees in order to improve their satisfaction as it will improve their health and also prevent dissatisfaction among them. Motivational factors:It is one of factors that contribute to satisfaction of employees. In order to satisfied these needs, business offer different things which are mentioned below: Recognition:Managers of company provide recognition opportunity to employees in order to improve their motivation. In this, work of employee is praised and recognised by managers for their work. Promotional opportunities:Employees wants advancement and growth opportunities at workplace and it is important for company to provide them opportunities in order to keep employees motivated at workplace (Rayner and Morgan, 2018). Responsibilities:It is another important component that is required by individual for purpose of getting ownership in work. McGregor’s X and Y Theory It is one of theory which is important in order to understand human behaviour of individual. It is also important in order to understand perception of managers. In order to motivate employees, individual needs to follow different assumptions which are mentioned below: For adopting theory X, managers of company need to use control and supervision of company. In this, employees do not accept change due to which innovation cannot be promoted in business (Wang, 2021). For adopting theory Y, managers of company need to encourage working environment that provide opportunity to employee for taking initiatives and also for self-direction.
Conclusion and Recommendations Conclusion From above mentioned project report, it can be concluded that motivation is one of important component that is required by business. It helps business in order to improve working performance and also create urge in them that helps them to work in effective manner. Motivation theories includes Maslow theory of motivation, Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory, McGregor’s X and Y Theory which is important for improving motivation of employees. These theories of motivation can be applied by business at workplace. It improves capabilities of employees to work in efficient manner which will improve their productivity and quality of work. Recommendations From above mentioned project report, it can be recommended to business that they should adopt motivation according to requirement of business as there are different types of motivation theories and all these has their own advantage and disadvantage in business. It is also recommended to business to adopt different rewarding and recognition strategy for motivating employees. It is important in order to motivate them to work in efficient and effective manner. It also allows employees to work in efficient manner which will improve all over performance of business. References Books and Journals Guillen Guiral, B., 2018. Motivating companies and motivated employees? An analysis of motivation in the workplace. Herron, M.M., 2022. Social Media Bullying in the Workplace: Impacts on Motivation, Productivity, and Workplace Culture. InResearch Anthology on Combating Cyber-Aggression and Online Negativity(pp. 1170-1187). IGI Global. Jamal, R. and Siddiqui, D.A., 2020. The Effects of workplace incivility on job satisfaction: Mediating roleoforganizationalcitizenshipbehavior,intrinsicandextrinsicmotivation,emotional exhaustion.Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, Emotional Exhaustion (August 29, 2020). Kim, M. and Lee, S.M., 2022. Drivers and interrelationships of three types of pro-environmental behaviors in the workplace.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. Mitchell, R., Schuster, L. and Jin, H.S., 2020. Gamification and the impact of extrinsic motivation on needs satisfaction: Making work fun?.Journal of Business Research,106, pp.323-330. Petchdee, K.,2021. A STUDY OF THE PRIMARY COMPONENTS OF MOTIVATION IN THE WORKPLACEPERFORMANCEOFELDERLYWORKERS.InternationalJournalof Entrepreneurship,25, pp.1-8. Rayner,J.andMorgan,D.,2018.Anempiricalstudyof‘green’workplacebehaviours:Ability, motivation and opportunity.Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources,56(1), pp.56-78. Wang,Y.,2021.LOTElearningmotivationinmultilingualworkplace.CÍRCULOdeLinguística Aplicada a la Comunicación,86, p.17. Online TheoryXandTheoryY,2022.[Online].Availablethrough: <https://www.managementstudyguide.com/theory-x-y-motivation.htm>