Motivational Theories and Investment Appraisal for Zylla Limited and Jack Discount Stores

This report analyzes different motivational theories that can work for Jack discount stores and meet the objectives of Tesco. It also evaluates the financial sources and techniques of investment appraisal for Zylla Limited to acquire a new ferry.

Task 3: Case Study/ Task 4:
Business Scenario for
Individual Report

Table of Contents
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Examining and analysing different motivational theories that will work for Jack discount
stores and satisfy Tesco management..........................................................................................3
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs.............................................................................................3
McClelland's Theory of needs-..........................................................................................4
The theory ignores basic needs of the employees such as food, shelter, safety etc. .......................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................6
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................6
Financial Sources.........................................................................................................................6
Techniques of Investment Appraisal...........................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

TASK 3
INTRODUCTION
Business studies can be defined as a combination of elements of business such as
accountancy, finance, marketing, HRM and other operations. Tesco, one of the leading retailers
of UK has introduced new discount stores “Jack” to compete against its close market
competitors. The current report analyse different motivational theories that can work for Jack
discount stores and meet the objectives of Tesco. It also analyses the advantages and limitations
of motivation theories for the company.
MAIN BODY
Examining and analysing different motivational theories that will work for Jack discount stores
and satisfy Tesco management.
Motivation plays a quite important role in increasing employee productivity and high job
satisfaction and loyalty. Their tendency of skipping work decreases and the commitment towards
the work increases when they are adequately motivated (Verma and Sharma, 2018). In order to
satisfy the Tesco management, Jack discount stores may use different motivational theories and
assure similar culture and values like other Tesco stores. Some of the motivational theories are-
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs and McClelland's Theory of needs.
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs
It states that job satisfaction directly depends on the needs of the employees and the
degree of fulfilment of those needs. The best way to motivate the employees is to fulfil their
needs as it drives them to contribute to the company with their skills and commitment and not
just working for money. The pyramid of the theory suggest that one cannot go up to the next
level unless lower level needs are fulfilled (Hopper, 2020). The hierarchy of needs are-
Phycological needs- These are the basic needs for survival such as adequate sleep,
shelter, food and refreshments, healthy environment etc.
Safety needs- Insurance, job security, medical benefits to counter threats, deprivation and
other dangers.
Social needs- These are the interactions and relationship needs at the workplace.
Self esteem needs- The individual employees may hope for respect and recognition for
certain efforts and achievements they make in their work.

Self actualization needs- The opportunities of learning and personal development. It is
the highest level of need as it contain an individual future desires and goals.
Advantages of Maslow's Theory of motivation for Jack discount stores-
 This theory is quite easy to understand and apply to the Jack discount stores (Vidili,
2021). It helps the senior executives and managers of the new stores to understand the
needs of the employees and motivate them appropriately.
 It understands both the inter- personal and intra- personal variations in the behaviour of
the employees.
 It is very flexible in approach and usually focus on basic needs of the employees. Jack
discount stores may fulfil the lower level needs of the employees in order to drive them to
level up in their approach. It creates a systematic way of motivation.
 The theory considers motivation as a force that can bring positive change as it is
centralized around the employees only.
Limitations of Maslow's hierarchy Theory for Jack discount stores-
 There is no specific way by which the needs of the employees can be measured.
 It will be complicated for the company to meet the self- esteem, self actualization and
safety needs of the employees especially due to different cultures, demographics etc.
(Chan, 2022).
 Not everybody has same needs and level of requirement of a different individuals also
vary. The organization may not be able to rank those needs and the quantity of
requirements.
McClelland's Theory of needs-
It suggests three drivers of motivation that depends on our life experiences (Rybnicek,
Bergner and Gutschelhofer, 2019). These three motivators are-
Achievements- Ambitious people prefer tasks that helps in improving their skills and
carry out results on the basis of their own efforts and responsibility. They also desire
acknowledgement of their progress.
Affiliation- The ambitious people are always motivated by complements and feedbacks
of others. They feel social accepted and confidence and tend to participate in group meetings and
tasks.

Power- Some employees desire to have power of controlling their own work or instruct
others. This motivates them to develop leadership skills and take more responsibility during
group tasks. They become more concerned about their level of influence and performance.
Advantages of McClelland's Theory of needs for Jack discount stores-
 The biggest advantage for Jack discount store in using this theory is that the employees of
the organization are assigned projects as per their demands that keeps their work interests
high.
 It counters the problem of inconvenience and boredom of the employees as unfamiliar
work sometimes make the employees uncomfortable with certain tasks, and they start
working half heartedly.
 Since the employees are assigned tasks according to their choice, the chance of excuse
and complains becomes minimal (Hussainy, 2020). The work flow gets manages easily
for the managers.
 It creates a high level of satisfaction among the employees. These satisfied employees
can prove to be big assets for the company in future.
 The employees develop the desired skills that will initially benefit the company.
Limitations of McClelland's Theory of needs for Jack discount stores-
The theory ignores basic needs of the employees such as food, shelter, safety etc.
 It may create a situation where particular employee may not like to get transferred to
other department due to its perception or stereotype. It will impact the employee
flexibility of the store.
 Sometimes it becomes difficult for the organizations to find matching positions with the
needs and desires of the employees (Mazeres, Brinkmann and Richter, 2019).
Accommodation and management of employees becomes difficult and also the chances
of mistakes become high.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above report that motivation is very important in driving a
smooth employee management process. There are different motivational theories such as
Maslow's Hierarchy of needs and McClelland's Theory of needs that help the companies to
identify the needs of the employees and improve the areas of motivation. These theories have

their own advantages and disadvantages that the company needs to focus before applying it to its
employees.
TASK 4
INTRODUCTION
Zylla Limited company was started with the vision of helping peoples, vehicles and good
to cross the rivers by operating some ferries. The performance of the company is substantially
well and therefore in coming future company has opportunities to expand the business. Company
aims in purchasing new ferry to provide the facilities of increasing demand among the services
of river crossing.
Thus, this research will include the acquisition of finance for working capital of the
company and evaluation of appraisal techniques and will include recommendation on viability of
operations.
MAIN BODY
Financial Sources
Every business requires short term and long term finance for various programmes like
expansion, project implementation, modernization, etc. Thus, the company requires short and
long term funds for the expansion of business process.
Financial Sources- Short Term
Short term funds are required for current financing which are completed in a short
duration, and related in the requirements of company's working capital. The short term finance
includes two types of sources which are as follows:
Bank Source- Bank Source includes sources like Line of credit, overdraft, discounting of bills,
Secured loans and letter of credit.
Non-Banking Source- The non banking sources includes Trade credits, public deposits, short
term loans, accrued expenses, promissory notes and hundies, advance from customers, factoring,
commercial paper, forfeiting, provisions and reserves (Bhattacharya, 2021).
Zylla Limited can arrange short term finance for acquiring finance through secured loans
from bank, bank will provide credit on the basis of securities of like inventory of current assets.
This current asset will be held with bank as secured deposit till the loan repayment time.
Company can also take trade credit from the ferry company for purchasing ferry. Trade credit

period starts when the Zylla limited receive the goods and till the payment for the product. Time
period for trade credits are for short durations.
Financial Sources- Long Term
Long term finance are required for the period more than five years. The long term funds
are raise by the company for investing in various types of fixed assets and for the working capital
needs of the company. The long term source of finance includes equity share capital, debentures,
preference shares, loans from financial institutions and ploughing back of profits or through
retained earnings. Zylla Limited can raise long term funds through issue of shares to the public
or institutions and raise funds from them for need of company's capital needs and for acquisition
of new ferry (Shrotriya, 2019). The individual or the institutions purchasing shares are the
shareholders or the owners of the company which have the rights to attend meetings and provide
ideas for the expansion of business. Company can raise funds from the financial institutions in
term of 'Term Loan', term loan refers to companies borrowed capital which repayable is not less
than one year and not more than ten years. Financial institutions such as commercial banks,
industrial finance corporation of India, Life Insurance corporations, etc. provides this types of
loans.
Techniques of Investment Appraisal
The techniques of investment appraisal are also known as capital budgeting techniques.
Using this techniques Zylla Limited can identify whether acquisition of new ferry will profitable
or not. One of the common assessment techniques are:
Net present value is used as an appraisal technique which measures cash flows of
company to establish whether it incurred profit or loss from investments (Aspen and Sparrevik,
2020). This technique was used to identify the estimated profit for acquisition of new ferry and it
accounts for the money on the value of time by the capital budgeting. Inflows and the Outflows
of cash were managed with the time value of money principle. Net Present value of the new ferry
will be:

Thus, the project of present net value will be equal to the sum of cash flows over five-
year life is £209943. Company will need to purchase new ferry as the cash flow in the operations
of company as per net present value it will be positive.
Payback Period- The simplest method of appraisal technique is payback. For its initial
investment the payback period takes time for the project. Depending on the project life the
payback period measures in the terms of months and years (Diana and et.al., 2019).

Thus, to return initial expenditure it is expected that Zylla limited will take 2.37 years and to
complete it will take five years. In this program Zylla limited will be profitable in rest of the
period.
To establish the efficiency in the project Zylla Limited will use appraisal techniques. If
the discounting rate will be zero according to the organization cash flow statement as per the
internal rate of return. To reject or accept the project company will determine whether capital
cost exceed the rate of return or not in the technique. To increase the feasibility on the expansion
of business Zylla Limited can use net present value technique. It will help company to identify
cash flow by evaluating the difference between the present cash outflow and cash flow for a
particular period of time (Pawlak and Zarzecki, 2020). It is also useful in understanding the
inflation rate and adjusting the budget and investment by adjusting the profit in an adequate
manner. In Zylla Limited the financial manager can evaluate techniques for purchasing new
ferry. The appraisal techniques involves the calculation of inflow at specific period depend on
the investment of ferry project.

CONCLUSION
It has been also concluded from the above report that Zylla Limited can arrange short and
long term source of finance for expansion. The net appraisal techniques that can help
organization in investment to boost the financial quota and identify whether the acquisition of
new project will be profitable or not. The report also concludes that a suitable investment
appraisal technique is necessary for the company's expansion plans such as the net present value
technique.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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a net present value approach. International Journal of Economics and Financial
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