NAME
CIVIL ENGINEERING
HNCB 43 HYDRAULICS
March 28, 2020
Task 1
a) pressure∈the pipe=?
Given reservoir height of 1000 m , density of water as as
1000 kg /m3∧gravitataional acceleration of 9.805 m / s 2.
pressure∈the pipe Pfluid=ρhg+ Pa
Pfluid ∈the pipe=1000 kg / m3 x 1000 mx 9.805m / s 2+101300 N / m 2=9.91 x 106 N / m2
Fluid pressure∈the open channel :
Pfluid ∈open channel=ρhg=1000 kg/m3 x 1000mx 9.805 m/ s 2=9.81 x 106 N . m2
b ¿ forces of resistance ¿ water flow∈ pipes are:
i ¿ cohesive forces between molecules . Friction between fluid layers within the fluid itself .
The Cohesive forces can easily be explained as whenevera toplayer ( suppose with highervelocity )
moves , theneighboringmoleculestrytopullitbackdecreasing its velocity∧similarly thetop layer
will pull the neighboring molecules forward .
(Hibbeler, 2020)
ii ¿ intermolecular forces between layers . Friction between outer layer of fluid ∧the walls of
a pipe∨duct We realize that molecules have spontaneous motions andalso clash witheach other .
Solet' sassumethatcertainmoleculesfromthetoplayertraveltowards the bottom layer ,∧those
¿ the bottom layer travel towards the toplayer .Thi sresistance between layersleads ¿ energy losses
between layers with fluid velocity being significantly impacted .
c ¿ The change∈temperature changes the viscosity of the water by altering its molecular
structure .When temperaturesrise , thewaterheatsup . This excites the molecules∧the y' ℜ
beginning ¿ travel rapidly . The energy generated by an change ∈temperature allows the
molecules travel at a higher pace ¿ a point where they transcend the binds∨the binding forces
of the molecules . It reduces the viscosity of the liquid by rendering it more fluid

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NAME CIVIL ENGINEERING HNCB 43 HYDRAULICS

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