Nanotechnology in Mechanical Engineering: A Review of Micro and Nano Manufacturing Processes

This paper reviews the latest trends in micro and nano manufacturing processes in mechanical engineering. It explores the potential of nanotechnology in revolutionizing engineering and manufacturing, and discusses its impact on other fields such as healthcare and defense. The paper also provides a background for further research in this area.

Running head: RESEARCH DESIGN METHODOLOGY
RESEARCH DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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RESEARCH DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Introduction:
The field of micro and nanotechnology is one of the emerging filled in modern
engineering and it has the potential to revolutionize the field of engineering and
manufacturing. Hence in modern era it has emerged as one of the most important topic for
research in the field of mechanical engineering.
Nanotechnology in the context of mechanical engineering refers to the integration of
mechanical components with electrical components including sensors and controllers. It
consists of a wide range of complex and advance techniques which helps in fabrication of
systems at the nano and micro level as compared to traditional macroscopic production and
manufacturing. Basically at the fundamental level nanotechnology refers to techniques that is
capable of manipulating matter on the nano or the atomic scale. Hence nanotechnology needs
extensive analysis of quantum mechanics capable of dealing with material behaviour and
study at the nano level which is one billionth, or 10−9, of a meter.
Nanotechnology through mechanical engineering is impacting other filed as well such
as defence, healthcare, medical services through advanced products. The remarkable
achievement of nanotechnology in the field of medical science is the capability to analyse
DNA structure found only at the nano scale level.
Chu, W.S., Kim, C.S., Lee, H.T., Choi, J.O., Park, J.I., Song, J.H., Jang, K.H. and Ahn,
S.H., 2014. Hybrid manufacturing in micro/nano scale: A Review. International journal
of precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology, 1(1), pp.75-92.
The aim of the paper is to suggest the possible trends based on the summary of the
work published by other researchers in the field of hybrid manufacturing which is associated
with the micro and nano scale manufacturing

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The authors has here reviewed the peer published work put forward by other
researchers and based on that they have proposed some suggested trend in the field of nano
manufacturing
Although here the author have not done any original research, but the findings of the paper
have increased the knowledge base of theoretical context and provide a background to apply
the theoretical knowledge for further research.
Giese, M., 2016. Micro-and Nanotechnology. In Introduction to Molecular
Vaccinology (pp. 165-198). Springer, Cham.
The aim of the paper is to define the concept of nanotechnology in the fields of
vaccine production and also define ways to apply it correctly and effectively in vaccine
formulas
The author have opted for empirical research method for verifying the application of
the vaccine production and the synthesis result has also been presented
The research has provided the opportunity to apply nanotechnology in the fields of
vaccine production and thus contributed in extending the application of nanotechnology in
medical science for advance research
Mahamood, R.M. and Akinlabi, E.T., 2018. Advanced Noncontact Cutting and Joining
Technologies: Micro-and Nano-manufacturing. Springer.
The aim of the paper is to introduce nanotechnology for advanced cutting of joining
process
The authors have here applied for primary qualitative research. The paper has clearly
illustrated the concept of nanotechnology for cutting and joining and also provided detailed
description regarding the method for application along with possible limitations

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The research has provided an opportunity to apply nanotechnology for cutting shapes
that are highly complex in nature and that too without marks of heat affected zones, a major
problems in traditional process
Müller, T., Hagenmeyer, V., Schmidt, A., Scholz, S. and Elkaseer, A., 2018, August. A
Knowledge-Based Decision Support System for Micro and Nano Manufacturing Process
Chains. In 2018 44th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced
Applications (SEAA) (pp. 314-320). IEEE.
The aim of the paper is to introduce nanotechnology as a scalable and flexible
technology for improving manufacturing environment and production cost
The author has opted for mixed research method. First the case studies were analysed
and then along with that a methodology has been proposed to improve the issues with
traditional manufacturing environment for applying nanotechnology
Applying knowledgebase modelling for micro scale manufacturing has always been
an issue due to the requirement for the high accuracy. Hence the authors have proposed for
workflow technologies along with capability database for effective management of
technological process.
Packianather, M.S., Le, C.H., Pham, D.T. and Le, H.Q., 2017, June. Advanced Micro
and nano manufacturing technologies used in the medical domain. In International
Conference on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam (pp. 637-642).
Springer, Singapore.
The aim of the paper is to introduce nanotechnology to produce medicine at lower
cost

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The authors have here applied for secondary quantitative research. Comparison has
been shown between price of advance medicine production with and without nanotechnology
in terms of percentage and data
Although the paper does not provide any original method of application, it serves the
purpose of enhancing theoretical knowledge in this context and helps to proceed with further
research in this context.
Qu, X., Alvarez, P.J. and Li, Q., 2013. Applications of nanotechnology in water and
wastewater treatment. Water research, 47(12), pp.3931-3946.
The aim of the paper is to introduce a new kind of nanomaterial for effective water
and wastewater treatment
The author has applied for primary qualitative research and new method has been
prosed for wastewater management through a new nanomaterial based technique along with
its advantage and limitations
The research has provided a context for applying nanomaterial’s for wastewater
management which will improve the process as nanomaterial has excellent ability to extract
pollutant from the waste water to reduce pollution
Vance, M.E., Kuiken, T., Vejerano, E.P., McGinnis, S.P., Hochella Jr, M.F., Rejeski, D.
and Hull, M.S., 2015. Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial
consumer products inventory. Beilstein journal of nanotechnology, 6, p.1769.
The aim of the paper is to apply nanotechnology for consumer product manufacturing
as an efficient process to improve quality as well as cost
The authors have applied for primary qualitative research. The application of
nanotechnology in the field of consumer products have been discussed with special focus on

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efficiency, versatility and cost. The process to apply nanotechnology for consumer product
manufacturing has been shown in details
The research provides an opportunity to explore a new application of nanotechnology
in domain of consumer manufacturing with the required theoretical background for the same
Vella, P., 2015. Micro and nano–manufacturing process chains: maturity assessment
and bulk metallic glass enabled manufacturing routes (Doctoral dissertation, University
of Birmingham).
The aim of the paper is to create a framework to apply the nanotechnology to improve
process chain activities
The paper has followed primary qualitative research with discussion on benefits and
limitation of traditional approaches for management of process chain activities and how nano
technology improves that
The management of process chain activities was always an issues as no standard
approach is available. This paper has attempted to improve that with nanotechnology.
Zhang, C., Mcadams, D.A. and Grunlan, J.C., 2016. Nano/Micro‐Manufacturing of
Bioinspired Materials: a Review of Methods to Mimic Natural Structures. Advanced
Materials, 28(30), pp.6292-6321.
The aim of the paper is to describe the process for applying nanotechnology in
manufacturing artificial objects that is similar to natural objects
The author has here opted for primary qualitative research with detailed description of
applying nanotechnology in the manufacturing process.
If artificial objects similar to natural objects is created with the mentioned method by
the authors it will create a revolution in the fields of advance manufacturing

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Zhou, W., Bridges, D., Li, R., Bai, S., Ma, Y., Hou, T.X. and Hu, A., 2016. Recent
progress of laser micro-and nano manufacturing. Sci. Lett. J, 5, p.228.
The aim of the paper is to apply leaser technique for micro and nonmanufacturing
process for better efficiency
The author has applied for primary qualitative research with detailed description for
applying laser techniques with nonmanufacturing
Laser manufacturing has a huge advancement in the field of nonmanufacturing and
hence if applied properly it will improve the manufacturing process and also reduce the cost.

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Bibliography:
Chu, W.S., Kim, C.S., Lee, H.T., Choi, J.O., Park, J.I., Song, J.H., Jang, K.H. and Ahn, S.H.,
2014. Hybrid manufacturing in micro/nano scale: A Review. International journal of
precision engineering and manufacturing-green technology, 1(1), pp.75-92.
Giese, M., 2016. Micro-and Nanotechnology. In Introduction to Molecular Vaccinology (pp.
165-198). Springer, Cham.
Mahamood, R.M. and Akinlabi, E.T., 2018. Advanced Noncontact Cutting and Joining
Technologies: Micro-and Nano-manufacturing. Springer.
Müller, T., Hagenmeyer, V., Schmidt, A., Scholz, S. and Elkaseer, A., 2018, August. A
Knowledge-Based Decision Support System for Micro and Nano Manufacturing Process
Chains. In 2018 44th Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced
Applications (SEAA) (pp. 314-320). IEEE.
Packianather, M.S., Le, C.H., Pham, D.T. and Le, H.Q., 2017, June. Advanced micro and
nano manufacturing technologies used in the medical domain. In International Conference
on the Development of Biomedical Engineering in Vietnam (pp. 637-642). Springer,
Singapore.
Qu, X., Alvarez, P.J. and Li, Q., 2013. Applications of nanotechnology in water and
wastewater treatment. Water research, 47(12), pp.3931-3946.
Vance, M.E., Kuiken, T., Vejerano, E.P., McGinnis, S.P., Hochella Jr, M.F., Rejeski, D. and
Hull, M.S., 2015. Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial
consumer products inventory. Beilstein journal of nanotechnology, 6, p.1769.

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RESEARCH DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Vella, P., 2015. Micro and nano–manufacturing process chains: maturity assessment and bulk
metallic glass enabled manufacturing routes (Doctoral dissertation, University of
Birmingham).
Zhang, C., Mcadams, D.A. and Grunlan, J.C., 2016. Nano/Micro‐Manufacturing of
Bioinspired Materials: a Review of Methods to Mimic Natural Structures. Advanced
Materials, 28(30), pp.6292-6321.
Zhou, W., Bridges, D., Li, R., Bai, S., Ma, Y., Hou, T.X. and Hu, A., 2016. Recent progress
of laser micro-and nano manufacturing. Sci. Lett. J, 5, p.228.