The National Health Service Report

This report discusses the social and historical developments that led to the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) in the UK in 1948. It evaluates the circumstances for and against the creation of NHS and the founding principles behind it. The report covers the main developments from the early 1800s onwards, including the establishment of poor laws, lack of medical facilities, and the need for quality care during and after World War II. The three founding principles of NHS are discussed in detail, including the provision of free services, meeting the needs of every person, and being based on clinical requirements rather than the ability to pay.

The National Health
Service Report

Table of Contents
Ques.1 Explain the main social and historical developments that are relating to health and
social care in the UK, from the early 1800s onwards, which led to the establishment of the
NHS in 1948...........................................................................................................................1
Ques2. Evaluate the social and historical circumstances which were generally put forward in
the 1940s for and against the establishment of the NHS........................................................1
Ques3. Account the three founding principles behind the creation of the NHS and make
elaborated and straight link to express how the principles underpinned the services provided
in 1948....................................................................................................................................2
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

Ques.1 Explain the main social and historical developments that are relating to health and social
care in the UK, from the early 1800s onwards, which led to the establishment of the NHS
in 1948.
Year Information
1800s and after In early 1800s, the United Kingdom involves the developments in
social as well as historical that are related to health as well as social
care which led to creation of the National Health Services includes
some forms of service funded provisions. These are the state
provisions of the social and healthcare in England. In history, the
England was subsequently excommunicated from the catholic
church and in return, the king dissolves the monasteries,
simultaneously removing the main source of care for vulnerable
people. Over time, various measures were introduced to assure
about some forms which empowers and was available to the most
desired people. These such modifications were brought together
under the first poor law. These can be established to care the poor
as well as sick people and providing advantages in the form of
support to the low class people.
Early 1800s In the early 1800s, there were not well developed medical facilities
for the public and lacking which they have to suffer from various
illness or disorders. These diseases can make impact over their
well-being and led to decreased lifestyle facilities and their well-
being also. It is quite difficult for the lower class people to visit the
doctors or pay their high fee for consultations (Adams, 2017).
To overcome all these things, the government has put the step
forward to establish a government funded national health services
organization. The main motive behind the foundation of the
National Health Services are to service the people most likely the
lower class people to provide the free services so that they can
easily as well as routinely check-up their health by their GP. In this,
the National Health Services have been developed as a tax funded
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as well as the universal health care system. The national health
services basically provide the free services as people do not
required to pay for visiting the national health services doctors. In
this, before the Healthcare Services was created the ill people had
to suffer an unequal treatment settings of the municipal as well as
voluntary hospitals. The stated purpose of most of the hospitals was
to treat the poor public and in this, most of the care providers did
not charge for their treatment. By this establishment of Healthcare
Services, the people are now easily can avail the services and
increase their well-being (Allen, 2020).
1948 The national health services are born on July 5 1948 out of a long
held ideal which is good health care and it should be available to
all people regardless of their wealth.
1952 In this year, the prescription charges are introduced. In this, the
prescription charges of one shilling are introduced and a flat rate of
a pound for ordinary dental treatment is also been brought on June
1, 1952.
1954 In this year, the establishment of the smoking cancer link. It
involves a link in between the smoking as well as the lung cancer.
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Ques2. Evaluate the social and historical circumstances which were generally put forward in the
1940s for and against the establishment of the NHS.
There are many social and historical circumstances were put forward in the 1940s that were for
and against the creation of the NHS. There are some of the social and historical circumstances
are discussed further.
To improve access to healthcare- During 1940s, there was very less healthcare facilities
which were hard to get access due to various social reason. These were including economic, poor
knowledge and other issues. There was difficulty into access to get healthcare services that
allows to get better and improved care for better health. Due to poor access to healthcare, it has
been evaluated that there was ill health of population was increasing and this lead to get the
social reason for creation of NHS. Due to poor education, it was difficult to get access to
Healthcare Services on time for improved health for large population. Due to historical
circumstances creates the need for the Healthcare Services providers which can help to provide
free Healthcare Services to poor people who are not able to afford Healthcare Services due to
lack of economic condition.
To provide quality care to poor people- During 1940s, there was very poor Healthcare
Services provided to the public which was also difficult to get access due to not having large
number of Healthcare Services within country. This was the social issues which needed to be
solved for the better quality healthcare. It was difficult to get better quality of healthcare for the
better and improved health of people. This was the reason for the creation of NHS that leads to
one of the reason for the NHS creation (Exworthy and Lafond, 2021).
To increase the healthcare premises which was less during 1940s- During 1940s, there
was very less number of healthcare premises which was not there sufficient and this was the
social reason the creation of NHS within country. This was this vision to provide number of
healthcare premises within country that can help to get better Healthcare Services to large
population without getting any charge for the services. Due to lack of healthcare promises
created the situation of not getting better and quality treatment at time for general public. This
was effective and creates the social needs for the creation of NHS.
During outbreak of world war there was need for quality care- During world war, there
was need for the Healthcare Services to the people who were involved in the war and needed to
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provide Healthcare Services to community people which increases the load on the Healthcare
Services. This was need to improve the quality services that can be effective to provide care
services for the large populations. This historical circumstances were the reason which required
the need of creation of NHS. After world war Ministry of health was in the process of getting
better Healthcare Services by focusing on the post-war health policy that had the aim to get
better healthcare service to the general public (Marmor and Okma, 2018).
Comprehensive health and rehabilitation services post war- Post war, there was need to
improve the comprehensive health and rehabilitation service that needs to provide Healthcare
Services to large population and created the reason for creation of NHS within country. This
allows to get number of location where NHS created their premises cover the large area of the
country for providing Healthcare Services to people. Ministry of health taken an initiative to
provide free Healthcare Services to large population even to the visitors of the country to access
the free healthcare facilities to deliver quality of healthcare to their population. This initiative
was taken post war for healthy country with quality standard of life.
The national health services provides the services of the hospital which are on top priority
in an emergency services such as the paramedical services. The therapies which are available
such as an occupational, physiotherapy and mental Health Services as well. The National Health
Services also provides the well-being education as well as promotions, the well-being monitoring
services and many more which can leads to awareness about the health among people. The
improvements of the health services from its establishment and till 1958 includes various things.
In this, it was a huge requirements which are not met with the backlog of the diseases which
specifically needed treatments from the Healthcare Service organization. In an organization, it
was about more than 33 millions of the dental appliance were particularly made in the starting 12
months.
Ques3. Account the three founding principles behind the creation of the NHS and make
elaborated and straight link to express how the principles underpinned the services
provided in 1948.
The three founding principles that are occurs behind the establishment of the National
Health Services during foundation of NHS in year 1948. These principles were as follows.
 The services can meet the needs of the every people
 The services can be free at any point of delivery
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 The services can be based on the clinical requirements and does not contains the
capability to pay.
These are the foundation principles for the NHS which allow to get better implementation
of principles for the better effect. The national health services are generally committed towards
delivering the services that are formed on the these three basic principles. In this, it includes
assuring all the ill people who are at greater risk such as containing an elevated body mass who
are referred to the Health Services will receive the proper treatment within a limited time period.
This can ultimately limits to the ill people care as well as treatment. The Healthcare Services
gives the intensive aid beds and the dedicated resuscitation teams with the experienced
healthcare professionals and the anaesthetists in 365 days of the year and the 7 days a week. In
the Healthcare Services, the appointments of the public are all free at the point of care as well as
they can also gives the emergency or urgent care to the people who needs the most. The three
main core principles also includes the integrated trust information technology settings enables all
the diagnostics outcomes which are to be available directed to the general practitioners
(Coffman, 1948).
It generally means that the patients does not involves any delays while having to chase
the outcomes from the outside industries. In addition to National Health Services, the care
quality commission has generally rated the foundation trust of Healthcare Services as good.
Moreover, one of about the 25% of the foundation trusts across the country has achieve this main
standards. While delivering the needs for everyone the healthcare organization increases its
resources for benefit of all the environment as well as making sure that no one can be excluded
or discriminated as well as left behind. The healthcare organization accepts that most of the
public requires more help so that difficult decisions have to be taken. In context with the free
delivery, the National Healthcare Services are always remains the central government funded
organization which delivers the free services to all the people across country. In this, it is most
useful for the low class people who are not willing to avail the services that are necessary for
their well-being. By these such programs or facilities most of the people are able to develop their
lifestyle healthy as well as increase their well-being. In context with the clinical support services,
it generally includes the pastoral aid , the psychological services as well as the ethics. In this, the
main purpose of clinical support is to give the most specialized services which are at a level
which meet the requirements of ill people as well as the healthcare providers.
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The creation of the National Health Services specifically important for the public as it
generally aid the people to enhance their well-being of the ill people, societies as well as its staff
through innovation and many more. These such values can also recognise about to really
enhance the lives of the National Health Services requirements to be aiding the people as well as
their communities which generally take the responsibility for living the lives more healthier. So,
it can be said that these principles are the effective reason for the foundation of NHS that allow
to get better delivery of services and effective delivery of healthcare services to the large
population (DENTISTS, 1948).
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Adams, S. M., 2017. Off the Radar? Addressing housing disrepair to improve health in later
life. Working with Older People.
Allen, D., 2020. Doctor–Nurse Relationships: Accomplishing the Skill Mix in Health Care 1.
In The sociology of the caring professions (pp. 210-233). Routledge.
Balzacq, T. and Barnier-Khawam, P., 2021. Ideas And Ideology In Grand Strategy. The Oxford
Handbook of Grand Strategy, p.159.
Dysart, T. and Wright, D., 2021. Come By Chance: Newfoundland and Global Medical
Migration, 1950–1976. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, pp.1-
27.consequences. Public
Earner-Byrne, L. and Urquhart, D., 2017. Gender roles in Ireland since 1740. The Cambridge
social history of modern Ireland, pp.312-26.
Exworthy, M. and Lafond, S., 2021. New development: Commercialization of the English
National Health Service: a necessity in times of financial austerity?. Public Money &
Management, 41(1), pp.81-84.
FEIGL, H., and the Mind-Body Problem." Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy. AMERICAN
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOTHERAI'Y, p.456.
Getzen, T. E., 2020. Measuring National Health Expenditures. Available at SSRN 3564784.
Gioia, V. and Soliani, R., 2021. The reception of Robert Owen's thought in ninteenth-and
twentieth-century Italy. History of European Ideas, 47(2), pp.374-403.
Hampsher, S., 2020. A Multi-disciplinary Study into the Drivers of Smoking Cessation in Great
Britain. BOTEC Analysis.
Harvey, M., 2018. Making People Work for Wages: Instituting the Capital–Labour Exchange in
the United Kingdom. In Inequality and Democratic Egalitarianism. Manchester
University Press.
Kartupelis, J., 2020. Relational care: Improving lives for older people, carers and families.
In Making Relational Care Work for Older People (pp. 1-32). Routledge.
Marmor, T. R. and Okma, K. G., 2018. Cautionary lessons from the west: what (not) to learn
from other countries’ experiences in the financing and delivery of health care. In The
State of Social Welfare, 1997 (pp. 327-350). Routledge.
Masakure, C., 2020. Government Hospitals as a Microcosm: Integration and Segregation in
Salisbury Hospital, Rhodesia, 1890s–1950. In Tracing Hospital Boundaries (pp. 246-
269). Brill.
McBride, T., 2019. Scottishness and ‘foreigners’: the role of a developing Scottish ‘machinery of
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McRae, L., 2020. Containing them, liberating us: The shadow side of criminal psychopathy.
In Mental Health and Punishments (pp. 45-70). Routledge.
Naismith, R., Slavin, P., Hitchcock, D., Stephenson, J., Roddy, S. and Higgins, D., 2019. Review
of periodical literature published in 2017.
Noble, M. and Ross, C., Experiments and Futures in Co-operative Higher Education Edited by.
Nuttall, J., 2018. Ideology in action. The Oxford Handbook of Modern British Political History,
1800-2000, p.266.
Tweedale, G., 2017. Archives of the pharmaceutical industry: their scope and use. In The
pharmaceutical industry (pp. 33-48). Routledge.
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Weiss, A. E., 2019. Planning, 1960s–1970s. In Management Consultancy and the British
State (pp. 49-95). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Wilson, D., 2017. In vitro fertilization, infertility, and the ‘right to a child’in 1970s and 1980s
Britain. In The Palgrave Handbook of Infertility in History (pp. 565-586). Palgrave
Macmillan, London. Money & Management, 38(3), pp.167-174.
Coffman, D.D., Cox, N.L., Martin, E.L., Mochel, W.E. and Van Natta, F.J., 1948. Polymeric
amides from omega‐amino acids. Journal of Polymer Science, 3(1), pp.85-95.
DENTISTS, F., 1948. National Health Service HEARD AT HEADQUARTERS. Journal,
April, 17, p.742.
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