NCD. 9. : NCD. 0. Non-communicable disease and Risk fac

Running Head: NCD
0
Non-communicable
disease and Risk
factor
student
9/22/2019

NCD
1
Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................... 2
Discussion..................................................................................................................... 3
Risk factors................................................................................................................. 4
Dietary intake and cancer................................................................................................ 5
Implications................................................................................................................ 8
Conclusion..................................................................................................................... 9
References................................................................................................................... 11

NCD
2
Introduction
A non-communicable disease also called chronic disease is the illness that cannot be transmitted
directly from one individual to another. This type of diseases tends to be long duration. The
world health organisation has recognised four main non-communicable illnesses are cardiac
diseases, different type of cancers, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes mellitus (Ding et al.,
2016). NCDs are the main reason of death worldwide, killing around 40 million individuals
every year. NCDs mostly affect low-income countries, but also impact people from developed
countries. Particularly in Australia, these particular health issues contribute to 91 per cent of total
deaths. Cancer is one of the major reasons of death in the world and Australia accounting 8.8
million deaths every year. Cancer is a life-threatening disease, in which the uncontrolled cell
division takes place abnormally and leads to the development of tumour in the body (Muka et al.,
2015). This build-up of tumour in the body can further grow and spread to other body parts. For
instance the carcinomas like prostate cancer and lung cancer. Sarcomas begin in the body tissues
that support and link the body. Some types of malignancy cause a quick growth of the cell, while
other cancers cause body cells to develop and multiply at a slower speed. Certain types of cancer
shows observable growths termed tumours, while others, like leukemia, do not. It can be
developed in the fat, muscles, nerves, tendons, joints, cartilage, bone etc. there are different risk
factors that can lead to cancer, including consumption of tobacco, being overweight or obesity,
lack of bodily activity and inactive behaviour, diet, consuming alcohol, UV radiation, and
different infections. In developed countries like Australia, diet and alcohol consumption has
become a major risk factor of cancer (Jaspers et al., 2015). In this particular assessment report,
the relationship between the risk factor (Diet) and non-communicable disease (cancer) will be
discussed.

NCD
3
Discussion
Cancer is a standard term for an enormous group of illnesses that can impact the body's any part.
Other different terms used to describe cancer are cancerous tumours and the neoplasms. One
significant feature of malignancy is the speedy formation of unusual cells that grow outside their
normal limits, and which later attack neighbouring body parts and transfer to other organs, the
concluding course is mentioned as the metastasizing (Siegel, Miller and Jemal, 2016).
Metastases are the main cause of expiry from malignancy. Malignancy is the main cause of
patient death worldwide, accounting for a projected 9.6 million expiries in 2018. Worldwide,
around 1 in 6 six deaths are because of cancer. About 70 per cent of deaths from malignancy
happen in nations with low and middle income (Favoriti et al., 2016). About one-third of
deceases from malignancy are because of the leading behavioural and dietetic risks: increased
body mass index (BMI), low consumption of fruit and vegetable, absence of physical activity,
use of tobacco, and alcohol intake. Tobacco use is recognized as the most significant risk factor
for malignancy and is accountable for about 22% of cancer deceases. Malignancy causing
infections, for example, hepatitis and human papillomavirus (HPV), are accountable for around
25 per cent of cancer diagnosis in low- and middle-income nations (Bray et al., 2018). This
particular health issue is also common in developed countries. The highest rate of cancer for
male and females together was in Australia, estimated 468.0 individuals per 100000 (Siegel,
Miller and Jemal, 2016). It is estimated that around 145000 new cases of malignancy will be
diagnosed in the current year in Australia, with the rise to 150000 in 2020. One in two Australian
males and females will be identified with these health issues by the age of 85 (Feletto, Grogan,
Vassallo and Canfell, K2019). This particular health issue has become a major problem for the
government authorities as it accounts for huge money investment in the healthcare department. It