Emerging Technology: Near Field Communication (NFC)

This article discusses the emerging technology of Near Field Communication (NFC) and its characteristics, advantages, and applications. It also covers the security concerns and issues related to NFC. The article includes research papers on NFC from various authors.

Running head: EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note:

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Nagashree, R. N., Rao, V., & Aswini, N. (2014). Near field communication. IJ Wireless and
Microwave Technologies, 4(2), 20-30.
According to this author, near field communication is known to be an emerging
technology which is used for short range communication. It is totally based on various kinds of
wireless standard which makes use of RFID infrastructure (Nagashree, Rao & Aswini, 2014).
Along with combination with NFC based smartphones it can provide contactless transaction for
various kinds of services related mobile payment and air ticketing. The main objective of this
paper is to provide basic description and characteristics related to advantage of this technology.
The present and future of NFC application will be taken analyzed for future scenes. Along with
this the paper also discusses on security concern, issues and present conflict in the paper. From
the paper I have learned about technical principles, operation mode, NFC data, connection
handover and lastly architecture of NFC technology. After that I have learnt about application of
NFC in real world. NFC are used in mobile payment like Google wallet, ISIS consortium,
SIMpass technology and P2P payment.
Grosse-Puppendahl, T., Herber, S., Wimmer, R., Englert, F., Beck, S., von Wilmsdorff,
J., ... & Kuijper, A. (2014, September). Capacitive near-field communication for
ubiquitous interaction and perception. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM
International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 231-242).
ACM.
According to this author NFC can be defined is a short range wireless communication
technology which is depend on approval and maturing of standard in the domain of smart card
and NFC (Grosse-Puppendahl et al. 2014). RFID tag can be defined as an antenna which is used
for receiving and transmitting radio signal. It can be defined as an integrated circuit which can be

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used for storing and processing of information for modulation and demodulation of signal. One
of the major benefit of NFC is that this technology is considered to be compatible with RFID
infrastructure. RFID are also known to be contactless smartcard. NFC can be considered to be
strict distinction between reader and transponder associated with it. It can not only read and write
data from a tag but can also transmit data into another NFC device. From this paper I have
learned about three operating modes in NFC that is reader/ writer mode, emulation of card mode
and lastly peer to peer mode.
Liu, W., Yan, S., Cheng, Y., Li, Q., Feng, Z., Wang, X., ... & Nie, Y. (2015). Monodomain
design and permeability study of High-Q-factor NiCuZn ferrites for near-field
communication application. Journal of Electronic Materials, 44(11), 4367-4372.
According to this Author, NFC is well-known technology which is used for wireless
communication in short range. NFC has large number of application like payment and ticketing,
electronic keys, identification of large number of things, receiving and sharing of information
and lastly setting up of various kinds of services (Liu et al. 2015). NFC provides a platform to
user for making fast and securing purchase with electronic money. The author states that NFC
can be used for identifying documents. An example has been provided by author which allow
students to store on their cell phone. The data can be easily stored on any kind of tagged object
which can be used be easily accessed by various mobile phones for downloading travel
timetables. NFC can be used for setting up of long range wireless technologies like Bluetooth
and LAN. From the paper I have learned about characteristics of NFC. I have also learned that
NFC was developed by Sony and Philips.

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Teh, P. L., K. Ahmed, P., Cheong, S. N., & Yap, W. J. (2014). Age-group differences in
Near Field Communication smartphone. Industrial Management & Data
Systems, 114(3), 484-502.
According to this author NFC is well known technology which is used for wireless short
range communication. The ultimate goal of NFC is to provide advantage of short- range wireless
communication to large number of users (Teh et al. 2014). With the help of point or touch NFC
provides an effortless use of various devices and gadgets on regular basis. There many advantage
of using NFC technology like downloading of music and video from various smart phone,
exchange of business cards with another cell phone, making use of point of sale for paying
during purchase. It also provides feature of pairing of Bluetooth device. From this paper I have
learned about various of advantages of using NFC technology.
Choi, E. K., Park, J., Kim, B. S., & Lee, D. (2015). Fabrication of electrodes and near-field
communication tags based on screen printing of silver seed patterns and copper
electroless plating. International Journal of Precision Engineering and
Manufacturing, 16(10), 2199-2204.
According to this author there are namely three modes of communication in NFC that is
read and write mode, tag removal mode and lastly peer to peer connection mode. In read and
write mode various NFC mobile can easily read or write to the tag which is provided. Read and
write mode of NFC can be easily seen in smart poster. On the contrary tag emulation mobile
phone acts like smart card (Choi et al. 2015). The example of peer to peer communication in
NFC phones is nothing but the exchange of various business cards. Transmission of RF signal
between transmitter creates transmitter and receiver provides a large number of distinction
between NFC and other kinds of wireless modes. NFC makes use of magnetic coupling between

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various devices instead of broadcasting of waves in a freeway. From this paper I have learned
about the fact that NFC devices can easily operate in low electric and magnetic field due to
property of short range communication.
Honkakorpi, J. (2015). Near field communication.
According to this author NFC system can easily operate as per the requirement into two
modes that is active and passive mode (Honkakorpi, 2015). In active mode both the devices
provide field of radio frequency which is used for the transfer of data. In this mode one device is
initiator and another one is the target. On the contrary in passive mode only one kind of device
can generate RF field and another one makes use of load modulation for transfer of data. Passive
mode comes up with key benefit like low consumption of battery. NFC sticker is a new kind of
technology which is considered to be an alternative solution to large number of NFC devices.
Some advantages of NFC sticker are that it is small in size like any cell phone. It is very easy to
use NFC stickers as it can easily provide large number of business benefits.
Bakula, M., Pelgrims, P., & Puers, R. (2015). A wireless powering and communication
system for implantable devices based on a Royer oscillator with radio and near-field
communication links. Procedia engineering, 120, 306-309
According to this author NFC can easily communicate between various devices by
making use of magnetic field induction. There are mainly four ways by which NFC operates that
is phone to phone, phone to tag and lastly phone to reader. In phone to phone two cell phones are
generally equipped with NFC technology for establishing communication with each other. It can
be used for transferring files and pictures just by touching it (Bakula, Pelgrims, & Puers, 2015).
While in phone to device NFC are well equipped with cell phone for communicating with large

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number of devices. Touching the phone with NFC equipped printer it can easily print the pictures
present in the phone. It can also perform payment related transaction by simply touching it on the
device. Tags are embedded in posters which are used for marketing purpose. When cell phones
are tagged with a tag then data from the tag is transferred into the cell phone.
Chou, H. T., Yan, Y. T., & Lu, K. Y. (2014, December). Investigation of antenna structure
consisting of crossed-field elements for strong EM radiation in the near-zone
communications. In Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2014 International
Symposium on (pp. 143-144). IEEE.
According to this author NFC is wireless technology which is considered to be subset of
RFID. It operates at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. It can easily provide a speed of 424 kbps. NFC
mainly falls under three categories for its use in different field like service initiation category,
peer to peer category and lastly category of payment and ticketing (Chou, Yan & Lu, 2014). In
matters of service initiation NFC can be considered to be much similar to RFID. NFC devices
reads various kinds of data from the tag and this particular information can be easily used in
various number of ways. Various kinds of N|FC devices can read the data containing important
information even if the cell phone is switched off. In Peer to Peer communication data can be
used for creating a direct link between two devices which can be again used for transfer of data.
Cohen, M., Abulafia, Y., Lev, D., Lewis, A., Shavit, R., & Zalevsky, Z. (2017). Wireless
Communication with Nanoplasmonic Data Carriers: Macroscale Propagation of
Nanophotonic Plasmon Polaritons Probed by Near-Field Nanoimaging. Nano
letters, 17(9), 5181-5186.

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According to this author near field communication (NFC) has a large number of uses like
contactless payments by making use of NFC enabled mobile phones. It can be considered to be
convenient and secure kind of purchase method in various kinds of transactions. Man-in the
middle is another kind of security issue in NFC which mainly requires involvement of three
party. In this the communication between two party is interpreted by a third party. The third
party makes use of information received and modified if it only enables them to achieve various
kinds of objectives. Practically it is not possible to have man-in the middle attack on any kind of
kind of NFC link which is provided. But it is highly recommended to make use of active- passive
communication mode (Cohen et al. 2017). The mode should be used in such a way RF field is
generated on a continuous basis by one of the valid parties. The active party should continuously
listen to RF field during sending of data so that it can easily detect data from any kind of
disturbance which can be caused by a potential hacker.
Gaikwad, S., Shah, R., Boob, S., Chimthankar, P., & Thakkar, M. (2017). Smart Electricity
Meter System using Near Field Communication (NFC). International Journal of
Engineering Science, 12324.
According to this author NFC (Near field communication) has a large number of
application in daily life like contactless token, medical application along with sensor and lastly
security application. Contactless payment in generally inclusive in wide range of application like
service payments, downloading of movies, shopping of TV at home and even ticketing from
smart posters (Gaikwad et al. 2017). Contactless browsing is mainly used for security
verification and various kinds of municipal services. Wireless connection is all about a smart
phone which comes up with NFC reader for point to point transmission of data. NFC also
provides the option of contactless download which is downloading of data for providing

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convenient way or method for new kind of application on NFC. NFC technology comes up with
the option of short range which can be easily applied for monitoring of health. This can
ultimately result in monitoring of health in long term by establishing connection mobile device
and mobile terminal. NFC in smart phones can be easily used for unlocking doors in various
hotels.
Sangwan, V. C. A., Kumari, N., Singh, K., & Dhdharia, A. (2016). DIGITALIZING THE
BILLING SYSTEM USING NEAR FIELD
COMMUNICATION. Development, 3(3).
According to this author NFC comes up with large number of benefits like ease of using
it, versatility and secure communication. Near filed communication provides the option of
contactless payment system as it removes the headache of carrying multiple cards. One password
cannot protect the whole wallet while a single password can easily protect the whole smart
phone. NFC can be easily used in large number of application ranging from bank cards to passes
of bus. NFC establishes a secure as it can easily transfer data over secure channel along with
encryption of various information (Sangwan et al. 2016). NFC allows various kinds of individual
to easily share data cost in efficient way. NFC consumes less amount of power in comparison to
Bluetooth will it does not require any kind of setup or established connection with other gadgets
or devices.
Cheng, R. S., Hong, W. J., Wang, J. S., & Lin, K. W. (2016). An Indoor Guidance System
Combining Near Field Communication and Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon

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Technologies. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International
Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 3(9).
According to this author there are five kind of security threats in NFC like
eavesdropping, corruption of data, modification of data, insertion of data and lastly man in the
middle attack. There are mainly three kind of security issues in NFC like compatibility, security
and lastly cost. NFC is a new kind of technology so its compatibility can be considered as the
main issue. NFC is considered to be much expensive kind of technology (Cheng et al. 2016). So
various organization around the globe does not get motivation to implement this particular
technology in various workplaces. The last kind of issue encountered in NFC is hacking. With
the growth of computers like hand held computers they are becoming more prone to various
kinds of viruses.

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References
Bakula, M., Pelgrims, P., & Puers, R. (2015). A wireless powering and communication system
for implantable devices based on a Royer oscillator with radio and near-field
communication links. Procedia engineering, 120, 306-309.
Cheng, R. S., Hong, W. J., Wang, J. S., & Lin, K. W. (2016). An Indoor Guidance System
Combining Near Field Communication and Bluetooth Low Energy Beacon
Technologies. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International
Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering, 3(9).
Choi, E. K., Park, J., Kim, B. S., & Lee, D. (2015). Fabrication of electrodes and near-field
communication tags based on screen printing of silver seed patterns and copper
electroless plating. International Journal of Precision Engineering and
Manufacturing, 16(10), 2199-2204.
Chou, H. T., Yan, Y. T., & Lu, K. Y. (2014, December). Investigation of antenna structure
consisting of crossed-field elements for strong EM radiation in the near-zone
communications. In Antennas and Propagation (ISAP), 2014 International Symposium
on (pp. 143-144). IEEE.
Cohen, M., Abulafia, Y., Lev, D., Lewis, A., Shavit, R., & Zalevsky, Z. (2017). Wireless
Communication with Nanoplasmonic Data Carriers: Macroscale Propagation of
Nanophotonic Plasmon Polaritons Probed by Near-Field Nanoimaging. Nano
letters, 17(9), 5181-5186.

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Gaikwad, S., Shah, R., Boob, S., Chimthankar, P., & Thakkar, M. (2017). Smart Electricity
Meter System using Near Field Communication (NFC). International Journal of
Engineering Science, 12324.
Grosse-Puppendahl, T., Herber, S., Wimmer, R., Englert, F., Beck, S., von Wilmsdorff, J., ... &
Kuijper, A. (2014, September). Capacitive near-field communication for ubiquitous
interaction and perception. In Proceedings of the 2014 ACM International Joint
Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (pp. 231-242). ACM.
Honkakorpi, J. (2015). Near field communication.
Liu, W., Yan, S., Cheng, Y., Li, Q., Feng, Z., Wang, X., ... & Nie, Y. (2015). Monodomain
design and permeability study of high-Q-factor NiCuZn ferrites for near-field
communication application. Journal of Electronic Materials, 44(11), 4367-4372.
Nagashree, R. N., Rao, V., & Aswini, N. (2014). Near field communication. IJ Wireless and
Microwave Technologies, 4(2), 20-30.
Sangwan, V. C. A., Kumari, N., Singh, K., & Dhdharia, A. (2016). DIGITALIZING THE
BILLING SYSTEM USING NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION. Development, 3(3).
Teh, P. L., K. Ahmed, P., Cheong, S. N., & Yap, W. J. (2014). Age-group differences in Near
Field Communication smartphone. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(3), 484-
502.