Cultural Differences and Communication

This assignment delves into the complexities of cross-cultural communication, specifically focusing on Asian cultures like China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. It examines various aspects, including values, ethics, and online behavior, drawing upon a range of scholarly sources such as books, journal articles, and online publications. The goal is to understand how cultural differences shape communication patterns and interactions in diverse Asian contexts.

RUNNIG HEAD: Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 1
Negotiated Study :
Globalization – fact of life
in Asia

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 2
Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................................2
Undertaking a cross-cultural comparison between Japan and Chian in the contemporary period................3
Ways in which Asian cultures are depicted by international media..............................................................5
Developing a class/school wide program for the inclusion of contemporary issues and values relating to
Asia................................................................................................................................................................7
Tracking student knowledge/attitudinal change as a result of their studies of contemporary issues and
values relating to Asia....................................................................................................................................8
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................................9

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 3
Introduction
The Asia region enormously influence globally and the rest of the world. Being the most
populous region in the world, the Asian culture has a direct impact on the educational process.
The region includes world’s most dynamic, varied and complex societies. Asia is considered as
the largest producer and consumer of goods and services in the world (Rui & Stefanone, 2013).
West is increasingly looking to Asia strategically, politically and culturally as well as
economically. Likewise, Asia’s literacy rate is considered to be an important requirement in
order to strengthen knowledge. The country relationship with the Asia region is considered as an
effective contributor to the wellbeing of the region (Bochner 2013). This is the major reason that
allow in managing the curriculum while managing the broad insight into the histories of the
countries, including history, its complex and diverse cultures and an understanding of the
modern challenges and opportunities. While understanding the Asian societies, cultures, beliefs
and environments, it will be good for managing both the intercultural understanding, developing
its own in order to increase the likelihood of successful participation in the ‘Asian
century’(Thomas & Peterson, 2017). The education program is more the less influenced from the

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 4
Asian culture and teaching method. An effective cross-cultural education provides with an
innovative experience in order to enhance the productivity. However, according to my
understanding cultural difference might create a problem in understanding the overall task. In
order to gain objective, it is vital to manage the cross-cultural issues(Carbaugh,2013). These
theories are important for making a teaching pedagogy. In order to reduce the impact of cross-
cultural differences, it is evident to involve the different aspect of education into it. There are
differences in managing the cultural difference due to the vast gap in understanding. There are
multiple examples of success and failure in the international projects due to cultural differences.
This is important for generating culturally awareness while managing the cultural gaps. Without
a proper knowledge, it is obvious that the plan will fail. The report is based on the comparison of
culture of Japan and China. This is too managed with a pro active approach in order to reduce the
miscommunication caused while considering differences. Asian Culture is different from
Western Culture in many ways. The paper focus on managing the cross-cultural gap
Undertaking a cross-cultural comparison between Japan and Chian
in the contemporary period
Both Japan and China, has "congruity." In China, it's is an unfortunate chore. "Progression,"
either individual or national, is a definitive goal. In Japan, agreement — fitting in — is an end in itself.
Essential contentment is taken as an agreement. Indeed, the Japanese are moderately, more
"individualistic" yet not disobedient (i.e., Western) sense. China and Japan have blown hot and cold,
together, from the time when ancient times of the First World War. Ever since then, the relations between
these two nations saw heightened tensions that continued till the Second World War (Benton & Pieke,
2016).

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 5
While comparing both the countries on the cultural front, Chinese culture had a strong hold over Japan till
the fall of Tang Dynasty. One can see an impact of Chinese culture on Japan. Buddhism came to Japan
through China. It has a strong influence over both the countries in term of cultural understanding.
Since the Chinese culture and its impact started declining over Japan, this gave rise to Japanese culture to
emerge and evolve, making its own identity. This is how certain differences occurred in between the
Japanese and Chinese culture (Shiraev, Shiraev & Levy, 2016).
While comparing the culture, it is seen in the modern day that, it is a typical sight in China to see
individuals talking or snickering noisily in open places or while going on open transport. Today, the
Chinese culture lack open warmth. On the other hand, Japanese finds it rude to talk noisily at public
places. People in Japan silent their ringer when utilizing open transport for travel. This is been
considerate as rude. The Japanese culture foster warm relationship among family members (Pinar,
2013).
Food in China is different due to the vast geographic degree and the impact of different remote
cooking styles, extraordinarily centre eastern and Mongolian. The Chinese uses considerable measure of
oil, and equally along with different flavours. Most of the part of their nourishment includes duck,
chicken, pork, and hamburger. On the other hand, Japanese cooking is similar to their way of life. Fish is
favoured on an extensive scale here. Japanese food is thought to be healthier, as there is negligible
utilization of oil. In Japanese cooking, the majority of delicacy is raw. There are vast differences seen in
the contemporary world in term of cultural difference in between both the countries (Li, Sekiguchi, &
Zhou, 2016).
While comparing both the culture in term of work, the difference between conventional Japanese
and Chinese people groups' response to the financial emergency isn't astonishing. Japanese are in a state
of unconsciousness, bewildered, even defenceless, and shocked by something they don't get it. The

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 6
Chinese have been especially practical and this has reduced the aftermath of the worldwide change in the
General. There has been a careful evaluation of hazard and opportunity. It is evident from the research
that in China, Harmony is viewed as an instrument of strength for society (Bruun & Kalland, 2014).
Before achieving a high position in e.g. an association, it is important to control oneself and one's family.
China's general public depends on an arrangement of strict progressive system. This conviction is as yet
present in organizations, and shows itself, for instance through the top-down-standard. Managers and
workers attempt to evade open discussion. They endeavour to determine issues in a more blended way.
The arrangement of authoritative units, called Danwei, is as yet demonstrating its face and serves as
instrument to balance out and control society. Because of that framework, individuals are a piece of units
and not respected as people. The burden of the social union in China is Guanxi, which is normally far
reaching to the family-orientated, Chinese social structure (Ismail, 2016).
Japanese people trust and understand the important aspect that looks after the nature.
Because of this reason, Japanese are considered among the orchestrated and adjusted society and
easily fit i an organization. Individuals push retentiveness. Faithfulness and obligation to one's
association is been given preference as sort of a religion. Despite the fact that chain of command
in Japan is critical, individuals get engaged with the basic leadership process. This arrangement
of developing numerous workers is called Ringi Seido. Verbal and non-verbal correspondence in
Japanese firms is exceptional whereas for the outsiders, it is hard to understand. Clear
correspondence is more uncommon, than for example in Austria that can incite somebody's loss
respect. Japanese do believe in Gathering and tied down in the public eye and with other
associations (Tsui & Tollefson, 2017). Associations are based on a strict arrangement of
progressive system, in view of best down rule. The arrangement of lifetime work, Shushin Koyo,
is as yet show in Japan and means, that alumni from college get contracted and remain in a

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 7
similar organization for a lifetime. This has affected the reliability towards the organization and
fabricated a solid system inside the organization. Nenko Joretso, the status standard also enables
the enlisted people to be known by their senior associates, which create trust (Vickers & Kumar,
2014).
Ways in which Asian cultures are depicted by international media
The Asian culture is depicted differently by western media. Republic of China began its
fiscal change in the late 1970s, and from that point forward, the world has seen the re-emergence
and rise of China in the worldwide forum. Not just has the volume of news streams from and
about China fundamentally expanded since the late 1990s, be that as it may, alongside this,
scholastic enthusiasm for knowing the portrayal of contemporary China by the global media has
additionally become both inside and outside China. A vast volume of the exploration is directed
by researchers situated in China and Chinese-talking scholastics in the West. Most examinations
inspect the general idea of the media picture of China in a specific national or local setting, for
example, the Unified States, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Arabic nations, Africa, etc. However, some
additionally take certain occasions in remote media, and some emphasis on a particular sort of
picture concerning China (Buruma, 2015). The developing writing examines the global media
portrayal of contemporary China concerning China's tourism, business, governmental issues,
society, and universal relations. A general concern obvious in the writing as contended by a few
people is that the worldwide media, especially the American media, is to a great extent negative
in covering China. While speaking to China as "alternate" versus "us," ideological contrasts and
generalizations assume a key part (Shively, 2015). Different factors, for example, economy,
reporting, dialect, and culture are additionally vital in forming the scope of China by the

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 8
worldwide media (Fewsmith, 2015). Many examinations additionally investigate the effect of
such portrayal on the impression of China and China's worldwide relations by individuals outside
the nation (Garcia, Mendez, Ellis & Gautney, 2014). Lately the Chinese government has tried to
manufacture a benevolent picture of China abroad and to apply China's universal impact in the
field of correspondences (Zhang, 2016). This gives an incredible importance in dissecting
China's worldwide media portrayal through the point of power and open strategy exercises
(Beardsley & Smith, 2013).
Japan on the other hand, is depicted as unreasonable when compared to the western
countries. The idea behind the U.S. - Japan shared histories, overwhelming economies, and
transnational stream of culture. Notwithstanding, Japan is regularly depicted as unreasonable
when contrasted with the West or US. Western researchers, columnists, and Japanese nationals
make these express and verifiable correlations (Carter & Mol, 2013). For instance, Japanese
"majority rules system" is frequently depicted as unequal to the United States, and the Japanese
government is unable to manage the “Western gauges." For instance, The New York Times
makes inside and out vilifying examinations amongst Japan and the United States: Japan is
coming back to its legitimate place on the planet, that of a mediocre nation of limitlessly
decreased and as yet declining significance on the planet (Ang & Van Dyne, 2015). Moreover
Japan is as yet solidified wilfully ignorant about a useless political framework based on
standardized cronyism. The Western Media tries to pull the image down by stating that Japan
ought to and will remain in its "legitimate" place in the world until the point that it can figure out
how to copy the United States(Jackal, Kinas & Sargeson,2013).

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 9
Developing a class/school wide program for the inclusion of
contemporary issues and values relating to Asia
Asia has a vivid culture and each and every country reflects difference in opinion in terms of
personal and professional regards. The wide gap in framing the Asian culture has a different mindset from
the Western culture. There value system is family centric that differs in terms of balancing the opinion.
The value system of every country is different that provide with a concrete base for creating a relationship
in between the different countries. The program focus on including issues that is common in the Asian
countries (Thomas & Peterson, 2017). This will primarily help in focusing upon the different roles
played by both government and non-government organization in managing the country. The program
provides with a ground to create difference in understanding various cultural gaps in the countries. This
will help in developing a better understanding of culture and allow in meeting different goals. It is
important in understanding relevant issues and its implications in today’s context. The Asian culture is
different in every aspect from the western culture. This is due to the fact that the cultural values are far
different from West. The work culture, the personal etiquettes everything is different. While undergoing
the studies, it is important from the point of view of betterment in the gaining cultural
knowledge(Doctoroff, 2017). The program particularly focuses on granting knowledge to the people in
order to understand the difference in implications. This will help allowing a better understanding on
culture and its role in managing the crises. This is important for gaining effectiveness in understanding
the culture from the close context. Thus it is important for developing an understanding to the cultural
gaps. This study will help in managing the differences in a better way. The cultural difference and
opinion need to be managed effectively in order to guarantee better understanding.

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 10
Tracking student knowledge/attitudinal change as a result of their
studies of contemporary issues and values relating to Asia
The cultural understanding and the program designed for student will help in developing
knowledge about the Asian values and culture. The program helps students in understanding the
contemporary issues that are seen in gaining knowledge about the Asian studies. Students are
now able to understand the Asian values through this program. This is essentially helping
students in conducting effective research into the program and guaranteeing better knowledge
developed through it. I found a significant change in the attitude of the students towards Asian
countries. There is an increasing awareness about the Asian culture and development. The
misconceptions were removed through the program that was made to draw the attention of
people largely in order to guarantee effective knowledge. The program effectively helped in
managing the knowledge of people in guaranteeing knowledge and helping each and every
individual in a better way. One can understand the growing importance of the program while
understanding the effective knowledge and developing a whole effective program in managing
individual and organizational understanding. Asian studies will provide a base in managing the
values while offering a base to attain knowledge. While framing the curriculum, it is important
to understand the supportive base that consequently helps in generating awareness. While
studding it is concealed that, Asia is considered as the largest producer and consumer of goods
and services in the world. Australia is increasingly looking to Asia strategically, politically and
culturally as well as economically. Likewise, Asia’s literacy rate is considered to be an important
requirement in order to strengthen knowledge. The country relationship with the Asia region is
considered as an effective contributor to the wellbeing of the region (Nahavandi, 2016).

Negotiated Study: Globalisation – fact of life in Asia 11
Conclusion
The report is based on understanding the issues faced in Asian countries due to cross-
cultural gaps. The purpose is to create a better understanding of the topic and to gain knowledge
pertaining to modern issues faced in China and Japan. It provides with a self-reflection that
analyse the cultural gap and curriculum in supporting education. There are differences in
managing the cultural difference due to the vast gap in understanding. There are multiple
examples of success and failure in the international projects due to cultural differences. This is
important for generating culturally awareness while managing the cultural gaps. The wide study
helps in understanding the cultural gaps.
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