Network Operating System - PDF

Network Operating
System

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Describe a network operating system in terms of vendor’s specification and hardware
compatibility...............................................................................................................................1
1.2 Installation and configuration of client operating system and a server operating system.....2
1.3 Installation of a network operating system...........................................................................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Cost analysis, details of specialized devices and an outline of roles of key personnel, as
part of a disaster recovery plan...................................................................................................5
2.2 Requirements for back ups and data storage while catastrophic failure...............................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
3.1 Analyse the tools available for the performance monitoring of a network operating system
.....................................................................................................................................................8
3.2 Network performance and reliability under load conditions.................................................9
4.1 Monitoring event logs and programmes.............................................................................10
4.2 Tools available for monitoring and optimising of network operating system performance
...................................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Operating system is software which allows user to execute applications. It acts as a
interface between user and hardware. Network operating system is an operating system which
connects devices and computer to local area network (Network Operating System (NOS), 2018).
This report covers requirement of vendor, hardware specifications and installation of client and
server operating system. It also provides joining of computer with server and describing risks
involved in it. Approximate analysis of cost and role of manager is discussed. Backup followed
by storage requirements are covered by implementing RAID system. Performance of monitoring,
event logs and different tools used in it are analyzed.
TASK 1
1.1 Describe a network operating system in terms of vendor’s specification and hardware
compatibility.
Network operating system: For network device like switch, routers, hub or firewall a
specific operating system is required, it is known as network operating system. For providing
printer access and shared file between multiple computers present within network an operating
system is is connected to computer networking(Anderson and Vongpanitlerd, 2013).
Vendor's specification: Toner partner limited is small company looking for expansion of
its organization for which they need to hire 50 employees for which they require client and
server operating system for accumulating 50 client systems.
Hardware compatibility:
 Processor: Minimum 2GHz or higher
 RAM: 16GB
 Hard Drive: 250 GB or more
 Monitor: 19'' LCD, desktop only
 Operating System: Windows 8 or higher
 Backup Device: USB Flash drive or External hard drive
 Wireless adapter (Wi-Fi) or Ethernet connection (LAN)
Above are hardware specifications to handle vendors' requirement. All specifications mentioned
above are enough for efficiently expanding organization.
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1.2 Installation and configuration of client operating system and a server operating system
Installation and configuration of client operating system: To start with installation, a
system is required in which windows 10 will be installed(Botta, Dainotti and Pescapé, 2012).
Following are steps for installation:
1. Start computer and if message appears “missing operating system” then press F1 to boot
and F2 to enter into system utility.
2. Open DVD driver and insert Cd which is having operating system and restart computer
3. A system is started a message pop up “press key to boot from Cd or DVD for installing
operating system.
 If message do not appear on screen then restart system and when black screen will appear
press F10 OR F11 to enter into BIOS. Access sequence of boot and check list if DVD do
not appear at top then move it to top if possible. If this do not happen then disable drives
like hard drive so that DVD can come on top. Now save changes made and exit BIOS.
Restart system and follow instructions to install operating system
 If message do not pop up then check DVD drive is inserted properly.
4. Installation will be started and files will be copied. Then select language option will
appear on screen as per requirement select one. And it will appear on screen. Then
click on next.
5. Next screen will have option install now, click on it. Select version either 32 or 64
bits and then click next.
6. License agreement will be shown on next screen. Read it and click on “I accept
license agreement” and then click next.
7. Next screen will ask to for specifying partition where OS will be installed. Select a
partition and click next. Copying of files will start and will take time.
8. When it is done then computer will restart. When it will start then it will ask for
username and product key. After typing details click on next.
9. Now give name to computer and password (it's optional). And click next.
10. Now screen will show select time zone, time and date, after doing this click on next.
11. Welcome message will appear which take to desktop.
Installation and configuration of server operating system:
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1. Insert DVD with windows server 2016 and reboot system. Message will pop up on screen
press any key to boot.
2. Installation will start and screen will appear in which language will be selected. Then
click on next
3. Click on install now, a window will appear in which version will be asked, select
windows server 2016 Enterprise with service pack1. Click on continue
4. Next screen will present license terms, click on I agree and click next. Select partition in
which server will be installed, click next and files will be copied.
5. Once files are copied system will restart. Some installations will be going after restart.
And then administrator's password will be asked. Enter details and press enter.
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol): IP addresses are assigned to client computers
to reduce configuration activity(Brettel and et. al., 2014) . IP addresses are present on server
machine which are stored in database. Conflict of IP's should not occur so manual IP addresses
are not provided instead of that DHCP server is used.
Configuration of DHCP Server to provide IP address to Client Operating system:
1. Visit website of DHCP server and download “DHCP Server V2.5.2”.
2. Now excerpt content from downloaded file and double click on dhcpwiz.exe file.
3. DHCP configuration wizard will be opened click on next.
4. Window with Network interface card will be shown in which class c (like 192.168.1.1) IP
addresses will be mentioned, select it and click on next.
5. DHCP server supports more protocols select other protocol like http whichever is
required and click on next.
6. Now configure DHCP interface i.e. range of IP addresses and lease time with help of
advanced option select gateway, subnet mask, WINS and DNS. If these are not provided
then DHCP will automatically take values depending upon network interface card. Press
next.
7. Write INI file and pop up will appear INS file is written successfully. Press next.
8. Window of DHCP server will appear in which status is not installed. Click on install
option to continue, status will be changed to stop. Click on next.
9. DHCP server program will start by clicking on start, status will change to running. To
know current status of installation check 127.0.0.1 in browser.
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Installation of Active Directory Domain Services role: Go to command prompt and write
following command: dcpromo /unattend:<unattendfile>
Here in place of unattendfile it can be replaced with Dcpromo.exe unattend file.
This command will install active directory domain services role and server will be promoted to
domain controller by settings in unattend file(Castells, 2011).
Installation of Domain Name Server (DNS) role: Installation of DNS server role is shown
below and these commands are typed in command prompt:
1. start /w ocsetup DNS-Server-Core-Role
(/w will allow to stay in command prompt until installation is completed otherwise it will be not
indicated that process of installation is complete.
2. Type dnscmd at command prompt to configure DNS zone or use DNS MMC snap-in.
Setting up Domain Name: Domain name is selected. It can be either toner.com or
innovativetonner.com.
 Now check whether domain is selected or not. To check availability of domain search for
domain names with help of domain registrar. If chosen domain name is available then
owning it.
 Now find a registrar. Number of options are available from which search can be made
and check who is offering best price for registration. To attract customers, registrars are
giving add on services so on that basis selection can be made.
 When registrar is shortlisted, check for domain on website of registrar . If it is
addressable for registration then complete registration process.
 When this is done, go for payment to registrar.
In this way Toner Partner limited can have their own domain name by which they can be
searched on internet.
Join Client to server: Ping server from client's system using server's hostname. If it is not done
then it wont be possible to join client and server (Wang and et. al., 2014).
 Set server's IP on client computer as DNS entry.
 Go to start button and write domain. Then click on join a domain or rename your system.
 Go to about page and click on select join a domain given under organization. Write
domain name and click on next.
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 Now enter domain credentials and system will be restarted. Now log in into other user
options by doing this logging will be on domain rather than local computer.
 Use credentials to log in into system and open active directories and computers on
windows server. Drag new computers into OU where they will be located physically
(Cole, 2011).
In this way windows 10 systems will be joined with window server 2016 within Toner Partner
Limited.
1.3 Installation of a network operating system
Installation steps:
1. PXE network environment should be properly set.
2. Restart server, boot process will begin.
3. Ensure that PXE boot is not disabled.
 To enter into BIOS press F10 or F11
 Go to advanced options present in menu of BIOS.
 BIOS setup utility network stack appears on screen. This will result in resetting BIOS.
4. Press F8 key on BIOS to signify a boot device which is temporary or F12 to PXE.
5. Select PXE boot port on boot device menu and click enter
6. To complete installation, follow prompts shown on screen.
TASK 2
2.1 Cost analysis, details of specialized devices and an outline of roles of key personnel, as part
of a disaster recovery plan
For meeting requirements of Toner Partner limited a cost analysis is presented beneath:
Items Expected Price (£)
Processor 2628.5
RAM 1212.5
Hard Drive 2916
Monitor,keyboard and other peripherals 3905.5
Operating System 3271.5
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Backup Devices 6629
Wireless Adapter 245.5
Total 20808.5
From above overall cost of project is 20808.5 from which minimum cost of processor is 2628.5,
RAM is 1212.5, hard drive is 2916, monitor and other peripherals costed at 3905.5, operating
system is 3271.5, backup devices is 6629 and wireless adapter is 245.5 which can be considered
as optimal use of money which has been covered under requirements of clients and company at
same time.
Details of specifications:
Processor is used to handle entire working whether it is taking instructions from click i.e.
input and processing input, it can arithmetic and logical(Comer, 2011). RAM is required for
temporary storage of data, it is used when computer needs to store information which is then
required immediately. Hard drive is needed to store data, it is permanent storage. Monitor used
for display,keyboard and peripherals are used for giving input to system. Operating system acts
as interface between system and human. Backup devices are used have a backup of data in case
if data is lost or corrupted then it can be retrieved easily. Wireless adapter is used to for internet
connectivity.
Role of Key personnel:
Manager will be responsible for making budget and handling all activities going within
Toner Partner limited and will also make policies or strategies to avoid any kind of risk in terms
of disaster like corruption of data, illegal use of company's information and many more such
kind of issues (Silberschatz, Gagne and Galvin, 2018). Backup and storage requirements are
analyzed with usage of RAID. Different tools are used for monitoring event logs within server
are used and issues related with reliability and performance handled by developing appropriate
method for it.
2.2 Requirements for back ups and data storage while catastrophic failure
Catastrophic failure- It is a type of complete and total failure of the system where the
recovery is not possible. Cascading system failure is the result of catastrophic failure. This term
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is generally used for structural failures and other discipline where total and irrecoverable loss
occurs.
To pre-cure this forensic engineering is the techniques can be use by the organization.
This means to “the investigation of the failure”. In this the early causes of the failure are detected
and to handle them plans are implemented.
To backup and restore data in the windows server 2016 there are 2 build in techniques
provided by the Microsoft.
1. System Backup- This is the feature available in the windows server 2016 to backup the
data and restore it. In this the external drive from the hardware can be used to make
backup of files (Dely, Kassler and Bayer, 2011). This can be activated from the control
panel of the system. For Torner Partner Limited it is good option to backup the files
because duplicates the files and restore them as it as they were.
2. System Restoration Protection- It is different from the system backup as it use to store
the Resident programs, their settings and Windows Registry in the form of an image. It
stores the essential files and the documents necessary to restore the required data (Röpke
and Holz, 2016). Torner Partner Limited can use this method also, but this may cause
them loss in data. Using this they can only restores the essential data not the detailed
data.
Torner Partner Limited can install server backup manager on the Linux machine. It help
the organisation to backup data at both windows and linux server. This reduces the cost of
organization if in future they change their server from windows to Linux. For this some system
requirement are:-
Hardware Requirements
Linux Kernel current 64 bit Linux kernel
Physical
Memory 16 GB of RAM minimum plus 1 GB RAM per protected machine
CPU 4 CPU cores minimum, recommended 1 core for each concurrent disk safe task (set in
manager options)
Free Disk
Space Minimum 200 GB for the Server Backup Manager installation
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TASK 3
3.1 Analyse the tools available for the performance monitoring of a network operating system
Monitoring the performance of operating systems and procedure is necessary to debug
operations and systems, effectively manage system resources, making system decisions, and
assessing and investigating systems. These tools are basically divided into two main categories:
real time and log-based. Real time monitoring tools are concerned by calculating the current
system state and give up to date information about the system performance. Log-based
monitoring tools record system performance information for post-processing and analysis to
obtain tendency in the system performance(Dong and et. al., 2012). This Report presents a
survey of the most commonly used tools for monitoring network operating system.
 Task Manager – This is the most well-known tool for monitoring operation on the
windows operating system. Through this Toner Partner limited can examine all
applications and their state, all actions and some of their most frequently used
performance measures. Two tabs of Task manager describes operating system
performance data to the user. First is the Processes Tab , this tab shows the current
memory and percentage of CPU usage of every process running on the computer as well
as the total CPU and memory usage of the system. Second is the Performance Tab, this
tab provides a top level view of the system state in terms of CPU and memory usage.
 Windows Performance Monitor – This is the second most common operating system
performance monitoring tool for windows (Rainie and Wellman, 2012). This acts as both
real time and log-based. This monitors various presentation metrics, presents them in a
real-time graph, shows historic data, and be designed for alerting. However, it doesn’t
give enough details for deeper analysis and troubleshooting. Toner Partner limited
administrator can use this to examine how programs running on their servers/PC and to
check the performance of their computers.
 Typeperf – It is a log based monitoring tool used for monitoring their server/PC through
command prompt instead of GUI interface. To get all of the counter that can be listed in
typeperf, Toner partner limited have to enter the following command (c:\> typeperf -q >
c:\counter.txt) and to define a counter live from your PC, they may enter this
command(C:\> typeperf “\processsor(*)\% Processor Time”).
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3.2 Network performance and reliability under load conditions.
To evaluate network performance and reliability under load conditions, firstly company
should know about network performance and reliability.
Network Performance
This is the analysis of joint network statistics, that defines the performance level of given
network. Network monitoring tool examine networks on different performance metrics such as
latency, bandwidth usage, and responsiveness. They also explore network applications and
devices in real time and notify network admins about any variation through voice and text alerts.
(Etzion, Niblett and Luckham, 2011). Toner Partner limited can use the following ways to
improve network performance under load conditions :
1. Use a Network Monitoring Tool : When users complain that the network is slow, it's
rarely the network itself that is the actual problem.
2. Educate your users and establish policies : Sometimes network slow downs are simply a
matter of two many people accessing the network at once and doing things that require a
great deal of bandwidth.
3. Limit the number of network users : Too many drivers on the way can create a
congestion, so it's useful to limit the number of users on your network.
Reliability
Reliability is concerned with the capacity of a network to carry out a desired operation
such as communication. A source node interface with a terminal node for all OD pairs is
Terminal Reliability. It is an aspect of any computer based component that consistently performs
according to its identifications. Network Reliability describes the ability of the network to offer
the same services even during a fault. Toner Partner limited can use these two models to
improve reliability under load conditions :
Deterministic Models : In this class they include
 Connectivity
 Hop counts Node and link disjoint paths
Probabilistic Models : In this they include
 Path reliabilities
 Probability of path disconnection
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4.1 Monitoring event logs and programmes
Event logs are local records of all the ”happenings” on the system. It involves all the
activities performed on the windows server (Madhavapeddy and Scott, 2013) like insertion or
deletion of files or applications, updating the system date, shutting down the system, change in
the system configuration etc. Events related to system and data security are known as Security
Events, and the log files are Security Logs.
Events are categorised as System, Security, Application, Directory Service, DNS Server,
DFS Replication Categories (Fedorov and et. al 2012). Directory Services, DNS Server and DFS
Replications are only applicable to the Active Directories.
Classification of Event logs- Event logs are broadly divide into many categories depends
on the activities. Some classification of events:-
1. Application log- Events logged by an applications
2. System log- Events logged by the system
3. Security log- Events logged by the security of the system
Types of Event logs- Events are classified on the basis of their types. This is use to check
the frequency of occurrence of an event. Few types of event in windows:-
1. Information- In this the successful completion of a task is listed.
2. Success Audit- This event lists the successful audited security event.
3. Failure Audit- This event describes that security audit did not complete successfully.
Benefits of logs
 Logs are helpful to determine the activities performed over the system
 It decrease the thefts of hackers.
 Security is priority of every businesses and Toner partner Limited needs security as they
deals in the IT sector and they have the great probabilities of hackers attacks.
4.2 Tools available for monitoring and optimising of network operating system performance
The tools are helpful to Toner partner Limited to monitor the activities performed over
the server. Some basic and latest tools that can be used are:-
1. Solarwinds Server and application monitoring- This SSAM model is flexible in
nature.
 It automatically discovers the application and dependencies.
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 Pre-package and Pre-Built Reports
 Out of box support for over 200 applications
 It is easy to use and web base interface
 Fix server problem remotely
2. Paessler PRTG- This model provides lots of features and functions to the user along
with a nice time period for trail that will allow Toner partner Limited to monitor up
to 100 sensors with no cost.
 Comparatively small in size
 Can be install on the desktop as well as on the server version of windows
 Bandwidth monitoring using SNMP, WMI and other popular protocols
 Use UP/DOWN for time monitoring
3. ManageEngine OpManager- ManageEngine continuously making efforts to
produce great products (Knapp and Langill, 2014). OpManager is very easy to use
and bring the monitoring on the finger tips and represent every thing in very nice
interface.
 Increases the network health
 Server overview and monitoring
 Bandwidth and Firewall log Analysis
 Configure management
 VM and VOIP functionality
CONCLUSION
It is clear from above that what are requirements of Toner Partner Limited and how those
requirements can be met. Installation and configuration of client and server system has been
provided clearly and how they are connected in network is also defined. Cost analysis is done to
acknowledge what will be overall cost of set up. Tools for monitoring logs are analysed which
will help Toner Partner to work server effectively. By using logs various activities going within
organisation can be monitored.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
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Botta, A., Dainotti, A. and Pescapé, A., 2012. A tool for the generation of realistic network
workload for emerging networking scenarios. Computer Networks. 56(15). pp.3531-
3547.
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Brettel, M. and et. al., 2014. How virtualization, decentralization and network building change
the manufacturing landscape: An Industry 4.0 Perspective. International Journal of
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Castells, M., 2011. Network theory| A network theory of power. International Journal of
Communication. 5. p.15.
Cole, E., 2011. Network security bible (Vol. 768). John Wiley & Sons.
Comer, D., 2011. Operating system design: the Xinu approach, Linksys version. Chapman and
Hall/CRC.
Dely, P., Kassler, A. and Bayer, N., 2011, July. Openflow for wireless mesh networks. In
Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), 2011 Proceedings of 20th
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Dong, Y., and et. al., 2012. High performance network virtualization with SR-IOV. Journal of
Parallel and Distributed Computing. 72(11). pp.1471-1480.
Etzion, O., Niblett, P. and Luckham, D. C., 2011. Event processing in action. Greenwich:
Manning.
Fedorov, A. and et. al 2012. 3D Slicer as an image computing platform for the Quantitative
Imaging Network. Magnetic resonance imaging.30(9). pp.1323-1341.
Knapp, E. D. and Langill, J. T., 2014. Industrial Network Security: Securing critical
infrastructure networks for smart grid, SCADA, and other Industrial Control Systems.
Syngress.
Madhavapeddy, A. and Scott, D. J., 2013. Unikernels: Rise of the virtual library operating
system. Queue. 11(11). p.30.
Rainie, L. and Wellman, B., 2012. Networked: The new social operating system. Mit Press.
Röpke, C. and Holz, T., 2016. On network operating system security. International Journal of
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Silberschatz, A., Gagne, G. and Galvin, P. B., 2018. Operating system concepts. Wiley.
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Online
Network Operating System (NOS). 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.techopedia.com/definition/3399/network-operating-system-nos>.
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