Networking and Communication

Running head: NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION 1
Networking and Communication
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NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION 2
Question 1
From the top to the bottom of the Open System Interconnection model, commonly
referred to as, we have the seven layers, namely:- Application, Presentation, Session, Transport,
Network, Data link and Physical layer which is the final layer. The TCP/IP protocol suite
consists of the Application, Transport, Internet and finally the Network Interface (link) layers
(Rayes &Salam, 2017).
Question 2
The connection that exists between the layers of the Open System Interconnection and
TCP/IP convention layers is that, in the TCP/IP convention, Application layer covers three OSI
model's layers which incorporate Session, Presentation and Application. The Transport layer in
the TCP/IP convention relates to the Transport layer of the OSI model, the internet layer of the
TCP/IP convention suite coordinates the Network layer in OSI model and the Network interface
layer in TCP/IP is identical to the two lower layers in OSI model which are the data link and
physical layers.
Question 3
In TCP/IP convention, the network bolster layers are the Network interface (Link) and
Internet layers while the client bolster layers are the Transport and Application layers. The Link
layer is the first and lowest layer of the TCP/IP convention suite and it has techniques for
information correspondence which are held inside one system section. Another Network bolster
layer is the Internet layer which likewise gives correspondence between a few systems that are
independent. Then again, the Transport layer which is a client bolster layer handles

NETWORKING AND COMMUNICATION 3
correspondences among hosts and Application layer which offers application information trade
through procedure to-process technique.
Question 4
Data encapsulation is the process through which headers are put around (added to) some
data throughout their transmission so that they can be recognized easily by the next lower layer
they are going to (Gross, Koponen & Lambeth, 2016). The three upper layers, Application,
Presentation, and the Session layers first perform the conversion of a message from the sender to
data then transmits it to the Transport layer. Here, data is converted to segments then transport
headers are given to the segments; after which the segments sent to the Network layer where
network headers are added to them and they become packets. The Network layer transmits these
segments to the Data Link layer which adds Data Link headers to the packets and they become
frames. The formed frames get conveyed to the Physical layer where they are converted into
ones and zeros after which they are then sent across the network.
Question 5
The responsibilities of the Data Link layer are error detection and correction in packets,
Media Access Controller (MAC) addressing and regulation of data flow and provision of an
interface that is well defined to the Network layer. It also uses sequence digits for error-checking
and ensures successful delivery of data.
Question 6
In conveyance terms, the Network layer regulates conveyance of packets starting with
one host then onto the next separately while the Transport layer is responsible for conveyance of
the entire message starting with one procedure then onto the next. Additionally, the Network