Electrochemistry Communications

Running head: NETWORKING AND SECURITY
NETWORKING AND SECURITY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note:

NETWORKING AND SECURITY1
1. Number System
In the field of computer science number system the numbers are represents in difference
way. There are basically 4 ways by which the numbers can be represented. Those includes the
Binary representation, Decimal representation, Octal representation and the Hexadecimal
representation (Ino et al., 2017).
Number
System
Base Value Digits
Binary
Representatio
n
2 0 and 1
Decimal
Representatio
n
10 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Octal
Representatio
n
8 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Hexadecimal
Representatio
n
16 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C, D, E, F
a) Binary to Decimal, octal and hexadecimal:
While converting Binary numbers to hexadecimal representation the binary number will be
divided with 4bit binary word. Where the binary number 101010 will be 2A16 in
Hexadecimal and 528 will be in octal representation.
Whereas, the conversion of binary to decimal will be done similar to the below example:-
12^4 02^312^212^1 02^0
= 1 × 16 + 0 × 8 + 1 × 4 + 1 × 2 + 0 × 1
= 16 + 4 + 2
= 22

NETWORKING AND SECURITY2
b) Octal to binary, decimal, hexadecimal:
Binary
Hexadecimal
Binary Octal Octal Hexadecimal
0000 000 0 0
0001 001 1 1
0010 010 2 2
2. Circuit Switch Network
At the physical layer of network communication Circuit switch network is a form of
network in which the end communication needs to be established before the initiation of the
communication process. As soon as the network connection establishment is done between two
nodes the communication process can take place. As an example telephone connection (Meshram
2018).
3. Packet Switching Network
In the field of computer communication network Packet Switching network is such types
of communication network which sends data in the form of small packets. While analyzing the
communication process of Packet Switching network it is identified that through a network
channels the data packets are shared from node to node. It is also termed as connectionless
network communication process as it only creates the connection between receiver and sender
only if there is any request for communication. The application of Packet Switching Network is
mostly identified in larger networks, telephone systems as well as in house networks (Zhong et
al., 2019).

NETWORKING AND SECURITY3
4. Ethernet/Network Hub
The only purpose of these types of hub is to connect numerous devices by which they
will be able to exchange information. The network traffic can be broadcasted which this layer 1
device. These devices are mostly used to share information among ports however, it is not
capable to store computer addresses (Mozaffari 2018).
5. Network Switch
In the field of networking, network switch is a hardware that connects the physical
devices with network via packet switching process. One of the major difference between hub and
switches is the hub is cheaper than network switch devices. The operations of network switches
are done in the data link layer that shares data among network ports (Shang et al., 2016).
6. Router
In the field of networking router is a hardware device that connects computer system with
network packets. This device is also used to share data across the computer devices via analyzing