Networking Fundamentals

Running head: NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS
Networking Fundamentals
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s note:

NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS1
Table of Contents
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................2
1. OSI layered architecture:.............................................................................................................2
2. Comparison of the OSI Protocol Suite with the TCP/IP Protocol Suite:....................................4
3. Protocols of OSI Model Layers:..................................................................................................6
4. Media Types:...............................................................................................................................7
5. Topology Diagram of the Overall Networking:..........................................................................8
Conclusion:......................................................................................................................................9
References:....................................................................................................................................10

NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS2
Introduction:
The network can be referred to as the digital communication between the devices
connected to each other using wire or wireless medium. Internet is the largest network that
connects all the devices connected to it to other devices [1]. The small networks in the office
buildings are LAN network. The LAN refers to the Local Area Network which connects devices
located in a small geographical locations.
This report is created based on the information available about the SUREINSURE. The
organization wants to develop new network. This network will be established in newly bought
two buildings. The LAN network is proposed for creating the network. Each building has three
floors. The customers will be waiting in the ground floor of first buildings. They will access the
network using Wi-Fi connection. The network will have printers for customer service
department. The network will be connected to an ISP so that each device can connect to internet.
Devices in two buildings can communicate with each other without internet connection.
1. OSI layered architecture:
OSI is the abbreviation of Open Systems Interconnection. This model was created in the
year of 1974 by International Organization of Standardization. This model has seven layers
which works together for transmitting data from one device to another.
Physical Layer: The physical layer is referred as the bottom layer in the OSI reference
model and it is associated with the connections that are established physically among the
network components. Bits is used by the devices of physical layer for storing the data. The
physical connection sends data in the form of 0 and 1 [3]. It is responsible for synchronization of
bit, rate control of bit, transmission mode and physical topologies.

NETWORKING FUNDAMENTALS3
Data Link Layer: This OSI reference layer has function named framing which allows a
sender to transfer a collection of bits which is understandable by the receiver. Another function is
physical addressing. This function adds an address of the device, named MAC, to the frame. In
order to re-transfer the damaged or lost frames, the data link layer user error control function.
Network Layer: This layer handles data transmission from sending node to the receiver
which is located in different network. The network layer has a function named routing which
determines the best route for transmitting a packet/message from the sender to destination node.
This layer must identify uniquely every device that is linked to the network. For doing that this
layer has an addressing scheme [5]. This scheme is about putting the IP of the receiver and
sender within the header of the packet. The network layer function is called Logical Addressing.
Transport Layer: This layer is used to provide services to application layer along with
receive service from the network layer. The main function of the transport layer is Segmentation
and Reassembly. The segmentation is breaking the messages accepted from the session layer.
Reassembly is the process of re-joining this segments at the receivers to create the actual
message [9]. The second function is Service Point Addressing. The transport layer ads a port
address or service point address to the segment so that message can be delivered to the correct
process.
Session Layer: This layer maintain sessions and establishes connection, authentication
and also overhead security. Session establishment, maintenance and termination is the first
function of the session layer. Using this function, two processes can establish and end
connection. Synchronization is the second function in the session layer. This function allows
putting synchronization points into the data by adding checkpoints [5]. The last function is