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Networking Fundamentals : PDF

   

Added on  2021-05-31

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Networking FundamentalsStudent NameInstitution

IntroductionComputer networks is very essential in the operations of many organizations. Forthis matter therefore, a proper network design is very critical in ensuring that theorganization executes their operations more effectively and efficiently [1]. Thedesign should be reliable, easy to monitor and troubleshoot, scalable and most of itall it should be secure in order to ensure that organizations information is wellprotected and not interfered with from unauthorized persons.The focus of this report therefore is to analyze structure of the e-commercecompany given which is undergoing expansion, evaluate the network design basedon existing networking standards or models such as OSI, the DoD, and the TCP/IPand determining the transmission media and channels to be used in the newproposed LAN [2]. Networking StandardsWith the expansion of the company, networking standards will be of great helpconsidering that the company will have to use various networking devices fromdifferent manufacturers depending on the quality and cost of these devices. Thenetworking standards therefore, will ensure that these devices despite being boughtfrom different vendor, they work together to ensure that the organization’s networkis more effective and efficient. There are a number of network standards thatenhances interoperability between different networking devices from differentvendors. These standards include the OSI Model, TCP/IP model, among others [4].Therefore, for this company to implement the new LAN a proper networkingstandard that enhances interoperability and compatibility between various installeddevices and infrastructure for the new network, need to be understood and defined.In this case, a networking standard such as the OSI model which is divided intolayers, will ensure a simplified network design by separating the entire networkcommunications into small bits that performs different functions. This model willensures that various equipment’s such as switches, routers, hubs, network adaptersamong others are compatible despite coming from different manufacturers. The OSImodel layers will make it easier for this company to extend their network in future

in order to accommodate the growing number of the employees as it is easier tohave new network protocols and services added to the architecture [5]. The layeringsegments the network functionalities into layers and each networking device isplaced into one or more of the seven OSI model layers thus ensuring compatibilityof all the devices across the network.Apart from the OSI model standard, there exist other networking standards such asTCP/IP model that could be implemented by the e-commerce company in designingtheir new network only that they differ in structure and layering. The OSI modelconsist of seven layers which include: Application, Presentation, Sesssion,Transport, Data link and Physical layers as shown in the diagram below.

As shown in the OSI model diagram above, each layer performs a different functionthan the other layers but all these functions are merged together to facilitate acomplete working networking infrastructure. The layers are further grouped intomedia layers and host layers with physical, data link and network layersrepresenting the media layers while the transport, session, presentation andapplication layers represent the host layers [6].On the other hand the TCP/IP model is divided into four layers which are: Link layer,Internet layer, Application layer and Transport layer. The TCP/IP model combinesthe session, presentation and application layers of the OSI model into Applicationslayer. This means that the functions of the three layers on the OSI model arebrought together in the case of the TCP/IP model. This model can therefore berepresented diagrammatically as shown below.Based on the structure and architecture of these two network standards, TCP/IP ismore reliable than the OSI model. This is because, OSI model is stricter in terms of

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