Networking on Lucmat Ltd Assignment

Networking

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Discourse of benefits and constraints of network types as well as standards..............................1
Explicate influence of network topology, communication along with requirements of
bandwidth.....................................................................................................................................2
Discuss operating principles of networking devices along with server types.............................3
Discourse of inter-dependence of hardware workstation with networking software..................5
Designing of networked system to accomplish specifications of LUCMAT Ltd........................6
Test evaluation of design so that needs can be met and analyse feedback from employees.......7
Implement networked system on basis of prepared design along with its documentation..........8
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

Introduction
Networking is defined as a process of of creation and usage of computer in context of
protocols, software and hardware. The connections can be developed by making use of either
wireless or wired technology (Bernardos and et. al, 2014). Different systems are connected
together who share resources with each other, can exchange files and electronic communication
can occur. This report is based on LUCMAT Ltd who are opting to expand their LAN in three
different departments, they are: HR, Sales, R&D and Design. Moreover, they are also making
use of 3 servers, web, email and DNS. The IP address which will be being used is
192.168.10.0/24. This assignment further contains benefits and constraints of network along with
influence of network topology. Apart from this, operating principles of server types and devices
are analysed and their interdependence on hardware is dealt with. Furthermore, design of
network system is specified and they are tested for the same. Along with this, network system is
implemented and test results are analysed.
Discourse of benefits and constraints of network types as well as standards.
Network refers to two or more computers which are assembled together with each other
so that data can be communicated electronically. Network system serves the essential function
while formulating cohesive architecture which will allow various equipments to transfer
information in smooth manner (Network, 2019). There are different types of network types like
LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN (Personal Area Network), SAN (Storage Area Network) etc. Each
have their own purpose and used on that basis. Generally, LAN, WAN and MAN is used within
organisation. With respect to LUCMAT Ltd., they are illustrated below:
LAN (Local Area Network): They are a group of computers which are linked together
within small area like office or building. These networks are easy to design as well as
troubleshoot. They are used mostly to share resources such as shared hard-drive, printers, etc.
Their major advantage is that they are private networks that are not subject to regulatory controls
or tariffs (Introduction to LAN, WAN and MAN, 2019). There speed is high which ranges from
10 Mbps to 1000 Mbps. It becomes easy to use software over network rather than have licensed
software for each client. LUCMAT Ltd. is making use of this network to communicate within
their departments.
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MAN (Metropolitan Network): It is greater version of LAN which makes use of similar
technology (De-Marcos and et. al, 2014). It acts as a means for linking different local area
network and is designed for connecting over city. They span between areas of 200 km with a
high speed of 100 Mbps. They are efficient as well as communication is also fast along with
usage of fibre optic cables. MAN network acts as a spine for larger network. This network is
being utilised by LUCMAT Ltd. to communicate with clients and other organisations within
specific range.
WAN (Wide Area Network): This network can be public or private leased network which
is used to cover wide distance like it may be a country or state. Within this, communication
medium that is utilised is satellite links or PSTN (Farhady, Lee and Nakao, 2015). They span
around 1000 km with a slow speed 1.5 as large number of computers is connected to this.
LUCMAT Ltd. has utilised this network to connect to their clients who are spread across globe
and also with organisations.
Explicate influence of network topology, communication along with requirements of bandwidth.
Arrangement of network devices or computer systems which are linked with one other is
known as network topology (Network Topology, 2019). They define both logical as well as
physical aspects associated with a network. Topologies can be different types, they are illustrated
below:
Bus Topology: In this case all the devices make use of single communication cable or
line. This makes use of CSMA/CD technology which recognizes host as a Bus Master for
dealing with specific issue. LUCMAT Ltd. can use this as failure of device will not impact other
devices. But if a network line fails then entire devices will not function means communication
will not occur. If high traffic is there within a network than collisions will be maximised (Types
of Network Topology, 2019).
Star Topology: In this case all the devices are connected with a central device which is
called hub by making use of point-to-point connection. If LUCMAT Ltd. is making use of hub
then there can be a single point failure means all the hosts fails as entire communication through
hub only. Every node has dedicated network which can be sued with coaxial, optical fibre or
twisted pair cables. Bandwidth is completely dependent on central device and there efficiency for
connecting various devices. Like if hub has 9 ports and only 5 devices are attached with this then
4 ports will not be used and data is being sent right port.
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Mesh Topology: A point-to-point connection with devices or nodes is known as mesh
topology. In this case all the nodes are linked with each other within a network. A fully meshed
network is one in which every system is connected directly (Grassi and et. al, 2014). Partially
meshed is one in which some nodes are connected with multiple systems. Bandwidth is high as
each device has their own dedicated path. This leads to enhanced communication.
Ring Topology: In this case, all nodes will be linked with each other in a closed loop
configuration. Some systems may have the capability to transfer data in both directions but
others may be able to send packets in one direction only. If LUCMAT Ltd. is making its use then
there will be minimal collision. This is very costly. Bandwidth is high and they spans up to large
distances (Hwang, Ramakrishnan and Wood, 2015).
Discuss operating principles of networking devices along with server types.
The components which are used for connecting electronic devices or computers
simultaneously by which they are able to share resources as well as files are known as
networking devices (Network Devices Explained, 2019). There are different network devices
which are illustrated below:
Switch: The devices which are able to connect with network segments are known as
switches. They make use of MAC address table with respect to MAC address source within a
frame. They are capable of inspecting various data frames to identify source as well as
destination devices of frame and forward them accordingly. They have the capability to unicast
along with this they are connected with multiple LAN segments by which size of broadcast can
be reduced. Its principle of working has been illustrated below:
Working Principle: PC-A transmit message to PC-D by making use channel via which
switch is connected. Data comes in a form of data frames, identifies mac-address within a field
where data frames stored within a incoming port number (Explain the working principle of a
LAN Switch, 2019). Then switch will determine the entry of specific address within mac-address
field and switch will look forward for the outgoing port. If the address is not specified within
mac-table then then message will be sent to each connected port. Other ports will make
comparison with with IP address of packet and will reject if it do not belong to them. PC-D will
send acknowledgement after receiving a packet through switch. Switch will check mac-address
and will add this into mac table so that frames can be unicast to network nodes.
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Hub: It is a network hardware device which is used for establishing connection with
various Ethernet devices simultaneously and makes them to work as a single segment (What are
network hubs- How hub works, 2019). They comprises of multiple I/O ports where signal given
at input port occurs as an output at every port except from where they originated (Johannisson,
2017). The working of hub is illustrated below:
Working Principle: Network hub is similar to variable port repeater which is common
link for clustering of computers. The major operation which is carried by them is that
information is repeated which is received and it is being transmitted to every PC terminal which
is attached with them. This repetition results in unnecessary traffic that is transferred to network.
In this case data is sent in bulk without exactly analysing the destination (Kreutz and. et. al.,
2015). Switch identifies data which being sent, transfer of data packets to specific units assists in
enhancement of bandwidth of network. Switches reduces load related with redundant data is
transmitted within network. This unrelated data is being transferred to all units or nodes without
their needs. Hubs and switches are combined together to form switching hub. This serves basic
purpose for transmission of appropriate data packets to appropriate place (Explain Hub and it's
working principle, 2019).
Server: A computer device which renders services to other system programs and their
user is referred to as a client. A physical system which executes server program is defined as
server (Server, 2019). It is a device which serves functionality for other devices or programs.
Basically, it is an instance of computer device which takes and reacts to requests that are made
by different programs. There are different servers which are being used for diverse functions.
With respect to, LUCMAT Ltd they are making use of Web, DNS and Email server. There
design principles are specified below:
Domain Name System (DNS): It is a decentralized and hierarchical naming system used
within computers and other devices which are linked with private network or internet. It connects
information associated with domain names which are assigned to all participating entities.
Working Principle: DNS server comprises of information related with specific domain.
User enters domain name within a web server e.g. www.google.com. For attaining information
related with this domain, it is essential that domain name is transformed into machine readable
form i.e. IP address (What is DNS (Domain Name System) and How it Works ?, 2019). This
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implies that IP address of server is requested from data centre before site is being accessed,
reversible process is also carried out which is known as reverse lookup.
Email Server: It is computer system which transmits as well as obtains email. For this
they make use standard protocols like SMTP, POP3 and IMAP, they are responsible for
managing all connections which are behind scenes. Basically, it is a computer or an application
whose sole purpose is to behave as virtual post office (Parker, Verizon Patent and Licensing Inc,
2016).
Working Principle: The sender formulates a message by making use of email client
within their system. When message is sent by user, email attachments along with text is uploaded
to simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) which serves as an outgoing mail. These messages wait
within outgoing mail queue and SMTP will interact with domain system to identify the email
server of recipients (Raleigh and et. al, 2016). If it is found, then files will be transmitted to
recipients. If opposite happens like email server of recipient is not found then message will pop
up that mail failure as a notification within their inbox. When recipient of message will click
“Send & Receive” then client can download all the files which have been received in their email
server.
Web server: It is a server hardware or software which is dedicated to run applicable
software by which request of client associated with world wide web can be accomplished.
Normally, web server comprises of various websites which are used to process incoming
requests from network.
Working Principles: Web browser attains IP address from domain name for resolving
them. This can be done by searching in cache along with seeking DNS Servers. After this,
browser requests for uniform resource locator from web server. It responds to browser by
delivering desired pages and if pages do not exist then errors will occur like Error 404, or 401.
The browser will have webpage’s and shows this error message may be displayed.
The network devices and servers which are being used by LUCMAT Ltd are illustrated
above. These devices will allow them to connect different systems together by which they can
remain within a network and can have access to information as well as other resources. Servers
are used so that employees can get data from net as per their requirements.
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Discourse of inter-dependence of hardware workstation with networking software.
Workstation is defined as systems which are ordained to group or user engaged within
professional or business work. It comprises of one or more high resolution displays along with
quick processor as compared to other personal computers. The interdependence of workstation
hardware in context of networking is illustrated below:
File Server: This denotes a system which is responsible for management as well as
central storage of information so that other computers can access those files. The information can
be shared over network without transferring the files physically by means of any external storage
devices. Any system can be configured to host due to which they act as file server. It is utilised
within disk operating system (DOS) or networking functions (Scherer and Sholtis, Mertek
Industries LLC, 2015).
Network interface card (NIC): It is a computer hardware system which allows system to
associate with a network. These cards can be utilised for both wireless as well as wired
connections to LAN. It is a component which renders networking capabilities for computers.
Basically they are used to connect computer to a computer network.
Network hardware: It is a distinct component of network system that sends data and aids
in the functioning of systems.
Network Operating System: The OS is loaded within hard disk of system and servers
along with system management and user utilities tools. Servers and NOS boots comes in control
when system comes in booting state while system is started (Sharon and et. al, Facebook Inc,
2015).
Network Cabling: NIC, servers and workstations are connected by network cabling.
These cables can be twisted pair, fibre optics cable, twisted pair, etc. Along with this networking
devices are interconnected with one other for carrying out network functionalities in a required
manner.
Designing of networked system to accomplish specifications of LUCMAT Ltd.
Network is build up by usage of Ethernet and Wi-Fi network technologies. Furthermore,
different types of topologies have been used while designing a network for LUCMAT Ltd. These
components are interconnected with one another by means of Ethernet and inexpensive
technologies (Hwang, Ramakrishnan and Wood, 2015). The different departments are assisted by
making use of Wi-Fi technology as well as more efficient workstations have been used along
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with this systems are controlled and managed by each department individually. These all
departments (which includes R&D, HR, sales and design) are linked through which they are able
to share files and resources which can be accessed by all.
Illustration 1 Network Design
The above network design of LUCMAT Ltd comprises of 4 departments which are
connected with each other by the means of routers and switches, along with these servers are
connected with them to respond to the requests of each department and employee as soon as
request is made by them. For this, it is crucial that management have specific IT department who
will respond to queries which are faced by employees while working on the systems. For
securing the systems by virus and hackers firewall can be used in which specified IP addresses
must be mentioned (Xia and et. al, 2015).
The IP address which have been used by LUCMAT Ltd is 192.168.10.0/24. IP address
denotes the numerical label which is assigned to every device when they are being connected to
network and which make use of internet protocol for communication.
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The illustration which is shown above, represents settings within IP addresses it
comprises of different options by clicking on desktop a platform will appear which contains IP
configuration, terminal, command prompt and many others. As IP address must be configured
then then click on IP address a screen will appear where it can be configured.
Illustration which is shown below an options like physical, config and desktop by
clicking on config the static option can be clicked where gateway address can be selected. In this
case 192.168.10.0/24 so it can alloted 192.168.10.1. This is the IP address for router in similar
manner it can be assigned to all the systems as well as routers which are present within a
network.
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Illustration 2: Settings within Packet Tracer

Generally, a gateway is data communication device which furnishes a remote network by
providing connectivity to host network. It serves as entry as well as exit point for every network.
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Illustration 3: IP address configuration

The above illustration shows another configuration of a system i.e. 192.168.1.2. This is
IP address of Class C at the same time subnet mask will be automatically generated which is
255.255.255.0 . In this case broadcast IP is 192.168.10.255 and hosts networks are 254.
Test evaluation of design so that needs can be met and analyse feedback from employees.
Design is tested by sending message from one system to the other. If message is not being
transmitted then it specifies that some changes have to be made, either in configuration or the
way in which devices are connected. If packet is sent then this denotes that packet had been sent
successfully. From, above design it is evident that network is successful as the results shows this
(bottom right hand side).
Feedback is taken form employees or users of LUCMAT Ltd with respect to ways in
which they feel easiness to carry out their roles and responsibilities. This is been depicted below:
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Illustration 4: IP address configuration

1. Employee name:
2. Rank the network design with respect to speed and efficiency of network.
a) Very good b) Good c) Satisfactory d) Not satisfactory
3. Are you provided with assistance in case any problem is faced?
a) Yes b) No c) Some what
4. Do you have an access to files, fax or any other resources when they are needed?
a) Strong yes b) Yes c) No d) Strong no
5. is there internet facility available every time.
a) Strong yes b) Yes c) No d) Strong no
On the basis of above questions the feedback can be taken from employees with respect
to network services and facilities which they attain by being within a network (Xylomenos and
et. al., 2014). This will assist organisation to make alterations in their designing so that the
motive behind formulation of network can be attained successfully and employees get the
necessary facilities like fax, printers, etc. This will aid them to save their time along with
efficiency will be maintained in their work.
Implement networked system on basis of prepared design along with its documentation.
Various steps are implicated in this, they are illustrated below:
1. For this a planned methodology is needed for implementation. In this case switches are
connected with servers so that employees have quick access to information. In this case if
any of problems is faced of organisation then they can contact with vendors.
2. Management can communicate employees with respect to scope of network with each
step. When new systems will be installed then there may be loss of information but they
need to create a backup for the same.
3. Network devices must be pre configured and after implementation they must be tested.
4. Agenda must be built up in case any support is required from technical team and vendor
for carrying out implementation (Johannisson, 2017).
Design has been formulated by network engineer and designer of LUCMAT Ltd by making use
of Cisco Packet Tracer version 6.0. The results which have been obtained are 100% efficient as
per feedback attained from employees. The network has been checked by the same software by
executing the real-time simulation before the design has been implemented physically by the
organisation. This will aid them to plan expenditure accordingly and analyse the design entirely
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so that issues may not be faced by them in near future. After designing, it has been evaluated that
desired results are obtained or not by making use of ping command (Zhang and et. al., , 2014).
Last status Source Destination Time in Sec Periodic
Successful PC1 PC9 0.00 N
Successful PC23 PC72 0.00 N
The results of simulation can be seen from above table. In this case, ICMP ping request is
sent to PC9 by PC1 and also from other system concurrently. The deploy results which are
obtained is successful and requests have been attained within few nanoseconds. This implies that
designing requirements of LUCMAT Ltd has been accomplished.
Conclusion
From above mentioned report, it can be concluded that, networking plays crucial role
within organisation to carry out their operations in effective as well as quickly. With respect to
this, clear requirements must be illustrated with respect to data transmission needed and budget
which is required for this. Design must be evaluated before it has been physically implemented
as direct implementation may cost in lots of expenditure and may be network also fails. By
successful implementation of network effectual communication can occur among them.
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REFERENCES
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