Newman’s theory of health as expanding consciousness Article 2022

i need your help with nursing theory assignment which talk about Margaret newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness as rubric attached as PPT slides ( PowerPoint) presentation and in section TOW of the rubric attached please I need to follow same schedule in rubric and to provide articles critiqued the theory and author opinion about the theory and student opinion. count of words its until met all rubric criteria.

Newman’s theory of health as
expanding consciousness

Theorist description
Margaret Newman is an accomplished name in the field of modern era nursing and it
is interesting to know and understanding that she entered the nursing profession. It is
vital to note that she was initially a economics student and following care for her
mother in her end of life stage, she decided to become a nurse and then her passion
made her complete PhD in the same field. She was a prominent educator plus
researcher in the field of nursing and one of greatest contributions came in the form
of theory of health as an expanding consciousness, that found a major use in the
cardiac and oncology settings.
Socio-political context
It was the terminal condition of her mother and the theorist’s caring for her in her end
of life stages, that influenced her greatly to take up nursing as a professional.
Moreover, in that time, there was not enough funding or support to develop and
translate nursing theories into practice and in end of life care settings, this theory
emerged to be successful.

Theory description
Structural Components
Assumptions – the main assumptions are that the health is a pattern of a person and illness is only
the manifestation of it. Health is an expanding consciousness.
Concepts – Health is an expanding consciousness, where the disease is present or not and through
the comprehension of the same, one finds the greatest meanings of life.
Propositions
Functional Components
Focus – the theory focus on four components – human, environment, nursing and health
Client – mainly the cancer and the cardiac patients.
Nursing – nursing is about caring in the human experience of health and the higher levels of
consciousness should be used as.
Nurse-patient interactions – building of partnership is vital.
Environment- the social, psychosocial and the physical as well as the clinical environment has to be
bought to concern.
Nursing Problems – negative learning associations and perceptions towards chronic care patients.
Nursing Therapeutics – using the theory, nurses can develop harmony and sense of fulfilment in the
terminally ill patients.

ARTICLES
The theory critiqued – Margaret Newman’s
theory of health as expanding consciousness.
The articles chosen for critiquing are :-
Article 1 : Endo, E. (2017). Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding
consciousness and a nursing intervention from a unitary perspective. Asia-
Pacific journal of oncology nursing, 4(1), 50.
Article 2 : Fujiwara, Y., & Endo, E. (2017). A patient with cancer and her family
in caring partnership based on Margaret Newman's theory of health as
expanding consciousness. Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing, 4(3), 265.

Relationship between
structure and function
Article 1 :
• Clarity : the article has more clarity as it explore more deeper into the
aspects of time, space and freedom and all the discussions finds in an
inherent flow .
• Consistency : the content is consistent in the initial and somewhere down
into more deep explanations , the consistency digresses.
• Simplicity / Complexity : the language used is simple.
• Tautology / Teleology : not present in much parts.

Relationship between
structure and function
Article 2
• Clarity : less clear as compared but the clarity is present throughout
the paper.
• Consistency : the content is consistent and more structured and
performs a deeper analysis throughout.
• Simplicity / Complexity : the language used is complex.
• Tautology / Teleology : not present throughout the paper.

Opinion
It can be said that the language, concepts, principles and the analysis of
Margaret Newman used in the first article lack clarity and is not consistent as
well and is not structured and moreover, digressive as well. On the other
hand the language used in second article although a bit complex, it nicely and
very coherently applies the scientifically techniques to explore and describe
the different aspects of Margaret Newman’s theory of health as an expanding
consciousness (Younas & Parveen, 2017). The second article is much more
organised and more coherent as well.

Diagram of Theory
article 1
• Visual and Graphic Presentation – is neat and clear.
• Logical Representation – present and informative
• Clarity – the diagram is clear and properly presented.

Diagram of Theory
article 2
• Visual and Graphic Presentation – well defined
• Logical Representation – coherent
• Clarity – the diagram is creative but precise.

Opinion
The first article diagram is specific to the theory’s explicit and
implicit components and the second diagram is more specific to
the implicit scenario. The first diagram is self explainable.

Circle of Contagiousness
article 1
• Graphical origin of theory and geographical spread
The graphical origin of the theory and the geographical spread is not very
clear in this article. More so, the research is very reflective and generalised.
• Influence of theorist versus theory
In this article, the influence of theorist is more than the theory as
because the many of the author’s quote has been used directly to draw the
understanding in between the situations and the explanations. The evolving
consciousness of health can been described using the language, words and
the definitions used the theorist herself.

Circle of Contagiousness
article 2
• Graphical origin of theory and geographical spread
The graphical origin of the theory and the geographical spread is very clear in
this article. According to the article, the theories were used by the nurses in
the hospital in the oncology department and then not only the nurses, but
the allied health practioners and nurses from other departments also started
to use the same (Cowling III, 2019).
• Influence of theorist versus theory
In this article, more emphasis has been put on the theory than the theorist
and the theory of Margaret Newman has been applied succinctly to various
interview settings that started from closer relationships between went on to
involve the other members of the extent family, as an intervention to evolve
the consciousness of health of the cancer patient.

Opinion
It can be observed by comparing both the articles that more
important should be given to the theory than the theorist and
that is how an research becomes more succinct, meaningful and
purposeful in the pursuit of the research findings. Overall, in the
circle of contagiousness parameter, article 2 weighs more than
article 1.

Usefulness
article 1
1. Practice – Direction of the research was very unidirectional and the way
the theory of conscious has been described in a very conventional manner
without any practical applications in case scenarios. The content was very
general and the research was cost effective as no research settings as such
was used to analyse the content. The content is however relevant to the
theorist and not to the Margaret Newman theory.
2. Research – The content was consistent but lacked any data or tools used
for testing. There was no evidence of predictability.
3. Education – this article mentions the importance of educating the nurses
on the Newman’s theory of health as an expanding consciousness. The
language of the article is educational as well. The principles and the theories
have been used interchangeably that might confuse the nursing student.
4. Administration – there was less authority in the content.

Usefulness
article 2
• Practice – the content is self-directed, with a lot of application of the
Margaret Newman theory in the oncology settings. The content is specific
and with a lot of sociocultural and moralistic perspective (Mitsugi, 2019).
The meetings that were mentioned in the article are cost effective and
relevant to the theory of the Margaret Newman.
• Research – the content was at times inconsistent as too many
explanations can confuse the outcome. The information were valid and
the predictability was present.
• Education -there were various principles used to explain the expanding
awareness philosophy of health by the theorist. The philosophical
statement, objectives and the concepts were clear and coherent
(Newman, 2017).
• Administration – there was more authority in the content.

Opinion
It can be noted that in the first article explaining the expanding health
consciousness theory by Margaret Newman have used less concepts and
philosophies and the supportive evidences are less as well. It is highly critical
to note in the second article that the theories, philosophies and the concepts
inform the students of nursing in a more coherent manner and it has more
authority over the field of research.

External Components of Theory
Article 1
• Personal Values – the Theorist implicit values of family centred care has not been mentioned
properly. However, the explicit values of theorists such as holism, the importance of
expanding the social support of the patient and the impact of a nurse’s counselling of the
family has been somewhat explained but not in details (Sitzman, 2017).
• Congruence – the values of complementarity, esoterism, competition is ill-defined
• Congruence - The article incorporating Newman’s theory of nursing as an expanding
consciousness does not demonstrate congruency with the ethical addressing of social values
such as beliefs, patient customs and personal values with clarity.
• Social Significance – the importance of family and social environment in the treatment of
cancer and other terminally ill patients is a strong factor and is critical to bring about a
paradigm shift in the process of end of life care nursing (Alligood, 2017). The discussion is
coherent and descriptive.

External Components of Theory
Article 2
• Personal Values – the theorist’s implicit values such as maintaining the patient autonomy and
integrity is not explained much as compared to the maintenance of beneficence and non
maleficence. The explicit values of holism, involvement of close and distant family members
gradually is well defined (Igarashi, 2019).
• Congruence – the article emphasizes on complementary relationships and rapport building
between the patient and his or her family (Stec, 2016). Maintaining a mutual esoteric faith
between the patient and his family is important and building harmony in competiveness is
the goal explained by the article.
• Congruence - The article incorporating Newman’s theory of nursing as an expanding
consciousness as an demonstrates congruency with the social values. The beliefs and the
values of the original nursing theory as well as of the patients and the families in terms of
respecting their customs has been done (Desai et al., 2017).The ethical considerations are
intact.
• Social Significance – the importance of having a pragmatic approach in the hospital settings
and in the community settings is important to develop a positive social perception in the
patient care scenario and the researchers incorporates the values and techniques well.

Opinion
The external components of the Margaret Newman’s theory of
health as an expanding consciousness is much well explored and
described from almost all the perspectives in the second article
than the first one. Both social and the perceptual factors are
important with respect to the theory and so are the ethical
addressing of the patient values (Goodman, 2017).

References
Alligood, M. R. (2017). Nursing theorists and their work-e-book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Desai, S., Keffer, M. J., Hensley, D. M., Kilgore-Keever, K. A., Langfitt, J. V., & Peterson, L. (2017). CREDENTIALS AND
BACKGROUND OF THE THEORIST. Nursing Theorists and Their Work-E-Book, 359.
Cowling III, W. R. (2019). Thoughts on the Passing of Margaret Newman.
Endo, E. (2017). Margaret Newman's theory of health as expanding consciousness and a nursing intervention from a unitary
perspective. Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing, 4(1), 50.
Fujiwara, Y., & Endo, E. (2017). A patient with cancer and her family in caring partnership based on Margaret Newman's
theory of health as expanding consciousness. Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing, 4(3), 265.
Goodman, C. A. (2017). Stress and Social Media: Implications for Nurses' Quality of Life.
Igarashi, R. (2019). Experiences of a Dilated Cardiomyopathy Patient Suffering to Maintain Life Partnership Based on
Margaret Newman’s Theory. Open Journal of Nursing, 9(01), 31.
Mitsugi, M. (2019). A Transforming Process Based on Newman's Caring Partnership at the End of Life. International Journal
for Human Caring, 23(1).
Newman, M. A. (2017, May). Department of Nursing, College of Human Development The Pennsylvania State University,
University Park, PA, USA. In Systems Research in Health Care, Biocybernetics and Ecology: Proceedings of the International
Congress on Applied Systems Research and Cybernetics (p. 1739). Elsevier.
Sitzman, K. (2017). Understanding the work of nurse theorists: A creative beginning.
Stec, M. W. (2016). Health as expanding consciousness: Clinical reasoning in baccalaureate nursing students. Nursing science
quarterly, 29(1), 54-61.
Younas, A., & Parveen, S. (2017). Finding Patterns of Meaning: Margaret Newman’s Theory of Health as Expanding
Consciousness.