Reasons behind Increasing Number of Cancer Patients in the US

This research investigates the reasons behind the increasing number of cancer patients in the US and the challenges faced by healthcare professionals. It explores the occurrence, causes, and prevention of cancer, and discusses change management theories and strategies. The aim is to identify the main causes of cancer and implement effective measures to address the issue.

Non-profit
organization

Executive summary
The present research based on American cancer society in which it has been identified that
cancer cases has been increased on a regular basis. In the current environment, large number of
cancer patients especially children’s are there. Main aim behind conducting the research is to
understanding of the occurrence, causes, and prevention of cancer. The American Cancer Society
(ACS) is a national welfare organization committed to eradicating the disease. Built in 1913, the
population is divided into six topographical areas of clinical and non-clinical volunteers who
work in over 250 regional workplaces in the United States. Along with this, there are various
challenges which need to be faced by health care professionals while giving treatment to the
patients. Furthermore, change management theories help in implementing all the challenges in
best and most possible manner so that positive outcome will be produced. By conducting the
present investigation in an effective and appropriate manner, reasons and main cause behind
raising the number if cancer patients will be identified and effective measures can be taken be
healthcare professionals considering all the elements in an appropriate way.

Contents
Executive summary.....................................................................................................................................1
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................3
Aim of the research.................................................................................................................................3
Rational of the research...........................................................................................................................3
Area covered............................................................................................................................................4
Situational analysis..................................................................................................................................5
Strategic issues faced by American cancer society..................................................................................8
Assess drivers and resistors of change.....................................................................................................9
Strategy of implementation....................................................................................................................10
Situation of change................................................................................................................................11
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................13
References.................................................................................................................................................14

Introduction
At present the climate or environment is the main reason behind increasing number of cancer
patients. Due to change in lifestyle or food habits it has been identified that diseases like cancer
increases among the individuals. Furthermore, pollution or ineffective environment highly
affects the lifestyle of a person which as a result affect their body in a negative manner.
American cancer society is an internal national voluntary healthcare organization which mainly
aims to eliminate or reduce cancer from the society. ACS was established in the year 1913,
where the organization have almost 250 regional offices across US. Apart from this, the global
headquarters of the American cancer society is established in Atlanta, Georgia. The present
research is going to investigate on the topic which is the reason behind increasing number of
cancer patients. Apart from this, change management need to be implemented by higher
authorities within the organization which includes various challenges. In the current
investigation, SWOT as well as PESTLE analysis is going to be conducted in order to examine
the situation so that main cause behind occurrence of cancer and how to prevent this. The current
investigation also aid in implementing change within the workplace or in the society in an
effective manner related to cancer issues. For this, Lewin’s change model as well as Kotter’s
change framework is going to be discussed in a detail manner. Along with this, it has also been
going to be discussed that there are some reasons which might create positive and negative
result.
Aim of the research
The aim of the research is to identify the main reason behind the occurrence of cancer in US.
Along with this, it has also been said that there are some challenges which might face by
healthcare professionals while implementing change management at the workplace or in the
society. These are the aim of the present research which is going to be identified in this
investigation. With the help of this aim, effective measures will be taken by healthcare
professionals which will assist them in positive manner.
Rational of the research
There are some main purpose behind conducting any sort of research. For every research there
are some purposes for which the whole investigation is going to be performed and producing
positive outcomes. Researchers have both personal and professional interest in order to conduct

the investigation. It has been identified that in reference to the personal interest, researcher have
keen interest on the current emerging topic which is reasons behind occurrence of cancer and
identifying factors to prevent from this disease across the whole US. This topic will help them in
increasing their knowledge and understanding about the topic which creates positive influence
over their behavior and attitude. Apart from this, in reference to professional reason behind this
is that the current investigation will help in developing effective measures which creates positive
impact and reduces the negative influence in an effective manner. Along with this, it has also
been said that this research will also aid in gaining ample number of opportunities available at
the competitive environment which leads towards the enhancement of personal as well as
professional development of an individual person.
Area covered
Situational analysis: A situational analysis of American Cancer society is going to be
conducted for examining the internal as well as external factors which highly influence the
overall functionality of the organization.
Problem identification: It has been analysed that problem identification refers to the first step
in order to examine and analyze the issues faced by American Cancer Society along with the
preventions of the objectives from being accomplished. Therefore, it has been said that this is the
most essential stage in order to conduct a research.
Situation of change: In reference to situations of change it refers to determining the strategic
transformation which will assist in addressing all the issues and problems identified by the
researcher in the above sections.
Assessment of drivers and resistors of change: It has been said that determining as well as
rating the drivers and resistors to change will help in creating or implementing a plan in
reference to the aspects which requires more emphasis along with more attention in order to
bring change in a successful manner.
Strategy of implementation: It has been said that an effective strategy for implementation is
going to be developed by adopting Kotter’s 8 step change model in order to articulate all the

activities of American Cancer Society so that they can effectively implement or deliver change in
a successful and positive manner.
Theory of change: At the end if this research, a theory of change is going to be created in
order to demonstrate how this change is going to be happen along with the vision for which the
particular topic is going to be conducted.
Situational analysis
A situational analysis refers to a procedure of examining for a company’s both internal and
external environment elements. In relation to American Cancer Society where there are some
crucial elements which needs to be going to be discussed. The main purpose of a situational
analysis is to understand the elements in a detail manner which highly affects the overall
functionality of a business entity.
Poverty and health inequalities: One of the problem associated the cancer is poverty as well as
health issues. It is determined that due to mental pressure; people feel sick and lead to suffer
from savior disease. In addition to this, nowadays, the food and beverages consumed by people is
not is healthy as they are more junk that affect in the human body in a negative manner. In
addition to this, the environment is also polluted that may occur health issues and arise the
problem of cancer in a human body.
Cuts to government funding: The government is trying to give more funds on order to decline
the level of cancer from the world. But due to savings for maintain a balance in economy, the
funding is lees that have a negative influence and sometimes people are not well treated as they
require. In addition to this, the government services as comparatively is not good and due to
which proper treatment is not giving to the people.
Outcome based budgeting: It is not possible to estimate the budget for cancer patients as it can
sometimes go high as the estimated amount. It is determine that cancer treatment is expensive,
which is not easily afford by the people and can be afford only by the support of government.
The budget decided was go high and sometimes the organization’s only focuses on the treatment
given to their patients and neglecting budget factor. If it is talked about American cancer society,
it tried to reach maximum number of people and provide them fund in order to save their life and
influence them to fight with the disease.

Increase demand: Due to increase in the number of people, birth rate, there is increase in the
number of cancer patients. The demand of funds is increase and organisation require support
from government, financial institutions and large organizations in order to save more and more
people. In addition to this, it help in treatment of patients in an effective and proper manner. It is
determine that people of United States has good income level and they actually give funds for
people that help in making improvements in life and also aid in declining the number of death
arte due to cancer.
SWOT analysis
It refers to a framework which is used by each and every organization for conducting their
internal environment analysis so they can easily examine their strength as well as weakness in an
effective manner. This will help an organization to modify their strategies and policies according
to the changing environment. Furthermore, in relation to American Cancer Society the SWOT
analysis of the healthcare institution are going to be conducted in detail manner as follows which
provides ample number of opportunities to modify their strategies and plans (Dawson, 2019).
Strength Weakness
 One of the biggest strength if
American Cancer Society is that the
provide low cost services to their
customers or patients which help
them in order to maintain their
sustainability for a longer period of
time at the marketplace.
 Apart from this, American Cancer
Society have strong relationship with
their customers which is their biggest
strength.
 Along with this, it has also been
identified that the healthcare
institution have highly skilled
workforce which provide high quality
 Apart from the strength, there is
one major weakness of the
healthcare institution is that higher
authorities of the organization
spend more amount in order to
conduct research and development
programs (Burnes, 2020).
 Along with this, it has also been
analysed that the American Cancer
Society have rented property which
requires fixed amount of
expenditure on a monthly basis
which is another weakness of the
organization (Burnes, 2020).
 It has also been said that due to

service to their patients in an
effective manner.
 Further more, major advantages of
strength of the company is their
strong financial position which assist
them in maintaining their
sustainability and goodwill at the
competitive marketplace.
local workforce, healthcare
institution will not be able to
enhance their performance and
might lack on the basis of education
and knowledge.
 In addition to this, American
Cancer Society have low level of
current assets as compare to current
liabilities which is another biggest
weakness.
Opportunity Threat
 According to the current changing
environment, one of the most
essential opportunity fir the
healthcare institution is that there are
use of internet in order to attract new
investors.
 With the help of skilled and highly
competent workforce, American
Cancer Society will be able to
perform their functionality in an
effective manner and can easily grab
opportunities available at the
marketplace.
 Apart from this, another opportunity
for the organization is that they can
effectively use social media in order
to promote their healthcare
institutions across the country
boundary.
 It has also been said that by
 Working in a healthcare sector
includes ample number of threat
where the main threat is related
with the technological
advancements. Due to continues
modifications in technology an
organization can easily grab
opportunities available at the
competitive environment.
 Furthermore, new entrants are the
another threat for an organization as
they highly affects the overall
performance and functionality of
the business entity in a negative
manner.
 Restriction of international trading
is the another threat fir American
Cancer Society which negatively
affect the functioning and can
restrict the market share.

implementing effective strategies and
policies related to cancer and by
hiring skilled and educated
workforce, American Cancer society
help in getting opportunities at the
competitive environment (Moury and
Idrees, 2020).
 Furthermore, healthcare institution
is a kind of organization which
faces high level of government
interference which as a result affect
their overall performance and
creates threat for the organization.
Strategic issues faced by American cancer society
It is essential for an organization to analyze the internal as well as external ways that
directly impact on their functions and operations as well. By this analysis, the organizations have
the chance to gain opportunity and decline the impact of macro as well as micro environmental
factors on business performance. For this, the American cancer society will use PEST analysis
that is mainly political, social, economical& technological problems faced by an entity. The
PEST analysis is given below:
PEST analysis: This factor mainly involve elements such as political stability, exchange
rates, tax rates and many more. All this factors impact directly on the overall performance. The
United States is presently facing a lot of health issues due to which there is political instability.
In addition to this, BREXIT also impact on the operations of company. The political factors has
both positive and negative impact. If there us change in any of the political conditions of US than
it affect negatively as organizations require changing accordingly. In addition to this, if the
country is politically strong then the associations have the opportunity to expand its operations
and enhance its productivity level (Matthews, and et. Al. 2018).
Economical factor: One of the major element that is consider here is income level of the
people living in New York city, United States. In addition to this, it also undertaken factors like
exchange rate, economic conditions and so on. In relation to the American cancer society, the
people living in societies has high power to spent as they are interested in giving funding to the
organization so that cancer patient is treated properly and there is decline in the number of cancer
patients in the country (Khiew, and etl al., 2020).

Social factor: It is considered as one of the major factor that has an impact on the overall
productivity as well as activities of an organization. In include factors such as status, living
standard and many more. In addition to this, it is determine that people living in societies of
United states are more concerned towards health and want to decline the death rate of people due
to cancer. The people have positive mind set towards the American cancer society, due to which
its popularity is spread all over the world. In addition to this, many people is working in the
organization as a volunteer in order to enhance the living standard of people and to aware as well
as protect them from this disease.
Technological factor: Technology plays an important role in ever organization and it has
both positive as well as negative impact on the organization. Technology is changing rapidly and
impact on the overall behavior of people. In addition to this, it allow companies to make
improvements in their processes and provide quality and effective service in the market. The
higher authorities of American cancer society make use of advanced technology in order to find
out the main cause of cancer and decline the death rate. In addition to this, the organization use
social media applications such as Facebook, YouTube and has its own webpage. It help company
to educate people about the disease and reach maximum number of people to help people who
are fighting with cancer (Ianniciello, Biwolé, and Achard, 2018). This aid organizations to
provide good treatment to cancer patient and motivate them to fight with the disease in an
effective and proper manner.
Assess drivers and resistors of change
In order to implement change, it is implement for managers to have knowledge about the
forces that resist or support the change. There are various tools used by organization in order for
change management such as Force Field Analysis (Puurunen, and et. Al., 2020). The factors
forces for change and factors that is against change is given below:
Forces for change:One of the factor that force to change is the present health conditions
as people are nowadays eat unhealthy food and did not concern about them that leads to
occurrence of disease, in addition to this, another force for change is decline in demand of social
care and decrease in the rate of quality service to people. In addition to this, it is determined that
technology is also a factor that support change as it is important to deal with the innovative and

new technology that leads to better service to people. Moreover, it allow an organization to
monitor the activities that has a positive impact on the overall efficiency of an entity.
Forces resist change: Nowadays, social care is loosing its autonomy that is consider as a
force that resist change. In order to bring change and make employees understand about the need
of change, it is essential for an organization to provide training to employees that occur cost and
decline the overall revenue level (Ramage and Shipp, 2020). The factor is lack of understanding
and trust, as people are not accepting change, they resist and is one of the major factor that does
not support change (Harmon, 2019).
Strategy of implementation
In order to place change in an organization, it is important for companies to develop an
effective strategy so that it can be effectively implemented. It is determine that if the change is
effectively planned, it directly affecting sustaining as well as implementing the change.In
addition to this, it is essential for higher authorities to communicate the requirement of need to
the employees and volunteers in an effective manner as it is determine if there is lack of
communication than change may not be implemented effectively. There are various models that
is adopt by organization in order to implement the change that us Kotter’s 8 step model,
Mckinsey’s , Lewin’s and many more. By the assistance of this, an employees and teams better
understand the aspect associated with it. As per the present scenario, it has been analyzed that
Kotter’s model is suitable to adopt (Amarantou, Kazakopoulou, Chatzoudes and Chatzoglou,
2018). The model consist of 8 step that is adopt by managers in order to implement change in a
proper manner. There are some major points is identified by using Kotter’s model and is consider
as important factor in order to implement change.
Communication: One of the important factor for the implantation of change successfully
and to make employees clear about the requirement of change. It is essential for an organization
to ensure that an effective and inspirable message is given to the employees working for them so
that they can accept change rapidly and effectively. In addition to this, this factor allow an entity
to communicate the benefits of change along with the change procedure that leads to successfully
implementation of change in an effective manner. In relation to American Cancer society, in
order to bring changes and make people avoid the junk food and bring change for their health is

important and for this it is essential to communicate with people and make them aware about the
reasons of cancer so that they can live their life healthy (Dumas, and Beinecke, 2018).
Change procedure: There are various changes that will directly impact on the overall
activities and the multi-system. It is important for an entity to set a path and then follow it as it
help in properly implementing the change. In addition to this, following a procedure also aid in
attaining the objectives associated with the change (Amarantou, Kazakopoulou, Chatzoudes and
Chatzoglou, 2018).
Organizational structure: In order to combine services and to develop a new structure, it is
important to effectively plan in advance. In addition to this, planning plays an important role and
it is important to communicate it to the staff in a proper as well as effective manner. It is
essential for an organization to make it clear to employees that what they need to perform and
whom they are assignable. Moreover, the new ways of working and implementing activities is
clear to them in order to implement and bring change (Awang, Kenny, and Chua, 2020, March).
Training & upskilling: It is essential for an entity to provide training session to
employees in order to make them understand about the need of change. In addition to this,
training help in enhancing the skills and competencies of staff members that has positive
influence on the overall performance as well as productivity level. By the assistance of training,
an entity can develop flexibility skill in the employees that help in dealing and coping with the
changes in an effective manner. Moreover, it also helps in communicating employees about their
new responsibilities and roles in order to implement change in an effective manner (Galli, 2018).
Recruitment: The organization hire talented and effective employees, who has the ability
to deal with the changes and implement it in an effective manner. The new employee being
innovative and new in the organization, which is beneficial for the overall performance as well as
productivity in a positive manner. It is important for an entity to ensure that the new employee
has the ability to resolve issues and deal with changes in an appropriate manner (Awang, Kenny,
and Chua, 2020, March).
Risk: It is consider as one of the important factor that is required to be undertaken in
order to implement change. It is important for higher authorities to identify the level of risk
associated with the changes so that an effective strategy is developed that leads to decline in the

level of risk. In addition to this, organization can make use risk analysis tool as it help in dealing
with uncertainties and make them prepare to meet with the challenges in future effectively.
Situation of change
Implementing change withinhealthcare sector highly produces fear, stress, anxiety and anger
among the healthcare staff members which as a result resist them in order to adopt change. For
every business organization, who work for profit or non profit motive needs to adopt change on a
regular basis so they can easily maintain their sustainability at the competitive environment for a
long period of time. There are some factors which resist change but at the same time it is very
essential to adopt change in an effective manner so that all the functions can easily assist in
grabbing opportunities available at the marketplace. With the help of Kurt Lewin's change
model, American Cancer Society can easily implement change within their workplace (Bora, and
et.al., 2020).
Unfreezing phase: It refers to the first stage of this model which includes examination of change
focus. In this research the main aim is to implement new change at the workplace so that all the
processional can effectively perform their roles. For this, it is very essential in this phase to
communicate with their stakeholders , nurses, administrators as well as with the managers about
the issues and problems faced by healthcare institutions. This as a result create a sense of
responsibility and trust among the people linked with the organization, which help them in
adopting changes in an effective and appropriate manner (Singh, 2018). The main aim in this
stage is to communicate with the stakeholders about the issues and challenges faced by them
while working at the competitive environment. Along with this, involving staff members and
other peoples in this process assist them in a positive manner as they share view point about the
issue and can easily adopt change if arise at the workplace.
Moving phase: It has been said that the moving phase shows the actual period ofchangewhich
consist of implementation as well as planning stages of the whole project. In this stage, actual
execution is take place with the help of staff members which requires effective and sustained
efforts from each and every team. These teaks are pharmacy, nursing, information
technology,program managers, administrators and many more. Implementationsof such practices
highly affect the overall magnitudeof all these departments in variousmanner (Dzwigol, and et.
Al., 2019). Along with this, by including staff members, managers and other teams help in

creating a sense of feeling of trust, ownership andresponsibilities which leads the whole project
towards success. In relation to American Cancer society, higher authority of the organization
includes every individual who are associated with the institution in order to implement change
within the workplace. This as a result assist them, in order to implement all the necessary
changes in an effective manner.
Refreezing phase: This is the last and final phaseofKurt Lewin’s theory, wherethe procedure
of refreezing and freezing the changed practice arises and whichleads to theduration of “stability
& evaluation”. Accordingtothis phase all the modified structure, organizational procedures,
goals, offerings aswell as objectives are refrozen and accepted by the workers as the new rules
and norms of the organization. In relation to the present investigation, American Cancer Society
implemented a change related to the challenges faced by their healthcare professionals while
treating cancer patients. For this, they have implemented new policies, structure and guidelines
which needs to be adopted by each and every person associated with the organization in an
effective manner. Apart from this, it has also been identified that higher authorities provide
positive appreciation, rewards aswell as acknowledgment tothe individualized who made all their
efforts inorder to adopt or reinforce new structure in an effective and appropriate manner (Bora,
and et.al., 2020).
Conclusion
With the assistance of above mentioned research it has been concluded that healthcare
professionals need to modify their strategies and policies as per the requirements of current
market trends. It is said that there are ample number of issues due to which there is boom in the
number of cancer patients within US where the main reason is changing lifestyle and eating
habits of the individuals living their. As the world in today’s era is highly advanced and
technologically upgraded, lifestyle of people changes in a positive as well as negative manner
which affects their health. In the present research, a problem is identified which is the challenges
faced by healthcare professionals while implementing changes at the workplace. It has also been
identified that with the help of effective change models an healthcare professionals can easily
implement all the necessary changes accordingly and can produce positive outcomes.
Furthermore, SWOT as well as PESTEL analysis is also conducted in this research which will

aid in identifying all the factors available in both internal and external environment which highly
influence the overall functionality of the healthcare institution.

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