Leadership and Management in Nonprofit Organizations: A Case Study of Hiring Volunteers

This study explores the importance of leadership and management in nonprofit organizations through a case study of hiring volunteers. It covers themes such as the concept of leadership, importance of hiring volunteers, benefits of leadership styles, challenges faced, theories of leadership, skills and strategies required for managing nonprofit organizations, and impacts of leadership and management. The study also identifies research gaps and provides a literature review.

LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT IN
NONPROFIT ORGANISATION A CASE
STUDY OF THE HIRING OF
VOLUNTEERS IMPLICATIONS OF
LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT
WITHIN THE NON-PROFIT
ORGANISATION

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW.........................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Theme 1: What do you understand by the concept of leadership within Non-profit
organization?...............................................................................................................................1
Theme 2: What is the importance of hiring volunteers in Non-profit company?......................3
Theme 3: What are the benefits of leadership styles in Non-profit organization?.....................6
Theme 4: What are the challenges faced at a time of implementing leadership styles within
Non-profit organization?.............................................................................................................8
Theme 5: Describe the different theories of leadership can useful for effectiveness in
management of non-profit organization......................................................................................9
Theme 6: What are the skills and strategies required for managing non-profit organization?. 12
Theme 7: What are the impacts of leadership and management in non-profit organization?...15
Theme 8: Why leader and manager is important for the non-profit organization?...................17
Theme 9: What the different implication of leadership and management in non-profit
organization for developing?.....................................................................................................19
RESEARCH GAP..........................................................................................................................21
SUMMARY...................................................................................................................................22
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23

CHAPTER 2- LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
This chapter will discuss certain aspects of the study in the format of literature review in
which available literature have been searched and identified related to specific topic or subject
area that needs to be researched. In other words, it has been evaluated that it is a kind of survey
that consists of scholarly sources in context of journals and articles over the topic which helps
the investigator in gathering the overview of current knowledge by identifying relevant theories,
methods and existing gap within the research (Eva and et.al., 2019). In addition to this, it also
involves finding of appropriate publication related to recent years that are articles, books and
journals, website, other government sources, etc.
Literature review has been written in order to describe written or handy evidence over a
particular or specific topic that is being selected to complete the study. This also shows and
describe the relationship among the past and present report that is being completed after detailed
investigation by the scholar. Hence, this chapter has included the literature reassessment that has
effectively analysing and identify significant information that is related to the leadership and
management in non-profit organizations.
MAIN BODY
Theme 1: What do you understand by the concept of leadership within Non-profit organization?
Leaders in for profit and non-profit organizations are responsible for decision making related to
creation of strategic plans which guide future actions of the company. The responsibility of
strategy formation must increase the anxiety among leaders in both for profit and non-profit to
take suitable choices for the company so that the business is able to succeed (Tacon, Walters and
Cornforth, 2017). The task of delegating responsibilities and roles two different employees is
completed by leaders which increases the importance of leaders reducing this hesitancy during
decision making and delegation of activities and strategies. Change in leadership in most
businesses is based on improvement of business performance (Handayani, 2018) (Zheng, Ni and
Crilly, 2019). However, one of the significant roles of leadership is to inspire and equip staff to
develop organizational strategies and envision their staff members to embrace their plan of
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action with their same ethos. The ineffectiveness of leaders could result in spectacular
consequences. Without this coming from a leader, it could result in the loss of the organisation
altogether, or simply cause the organisation to lose any momentum and never fulfil its purpose
as to why it started in the first place.
It is inaccurate to state that leadership positions only include senior training positions as
leaders can be present in any position of the company (Daft and Marcic, 2019). Most of the
establishments nowadays position their key staff to prominent rolls. The very explanation for
this orientation is that the staff is expected to contend with the quickly ever-changing destiny in
the sector. Leaders within the firm can contend with difficulties and come in front of certain
resolution against them. However, managing director may not know what to do when they face
alteration. Antonymous to them, leadership people are the ones who set a course for the
approaching prognosticate any achievable alteration to come. Apart from the fast and speedy
alteration within the environment, scientific improvement and the improvement in specialization
also endanger the sustainability of the firm. Social control accomplishment on its own is not
enough to take advantage of groups (Gratton, 2018). Therefore, companies need leaders who
would inspire groups within the establishment. Some organizations on the other hand select to
do activities with lead managers.
The Bixler and Springer, (2018) illustrates in their study that leaders within the firm are
not only relevant for property but also for the employees. Effective leadership is equally as
important to the company as it is to the employees. This is because leaders take determining
decisions for employees which helps them guide towards betterment of their performance. This
is an important leadership responsibility as it affects internal and external environment oof the
company to gain success. Leaders also require commitment and/or honour from the employees,
which if given, give establishments the success they would like to have. Leaders of non-profit
organizations are supposed to have diversified features. Therefore, one could observe that the
recent form of impractical leading is more combinator (Not sure of the word for this?). Leaders
are the pioneers who are responsible for taking the firms towards new and advanced horizons by
taking opportunities and guiding the employees in an efficient manner. The vision is the one that
guides the leaders in an effectual mode (Megheirkouni, 2018).
In the view of Leskaj, (2017), it has been identified that vision of the firm is greatly
momentous for leaders and impractical position is pivotal for the commencement. If the
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individual and his followers do not know where they are heading, the leadership is irrelevant. A
leader is the one who establishes the imaging but also imparts it to the employees. It is the
quality of designing a communal pursual and a procedure in which the subjective and visual
modality of groups, people and firms are influenced in their way to reach targets (Sarti, 2018).
Impractical activity is the quality to set up a vision that is down-to-earth, interesting and
authentic for the whole establishment or for a part of it and in order to express it. If the vision is
theoretical the right way, it strengthens all the sources together with the skills and abilities of the
staff members.
Ineffective communicators and leaders are dependent on oral communication for
influencing their subordinates (Kosfeld, 2020). Business concern decision makers of today
should establish an imagination that could convey success to the firm and to the employer by
foreseeing the future and through participative understanding of management. They require
developing strategies and make progress fast with a proactive approach that have an ability to
change warning into possibility. By existence aware of the benefits, continuous learning
provides visionary leaders that must built up organizations that are able to always acquire and
condition to accept in the necessity of the preparation while catching up with the novelties as
well as changes. They are the ones who inspire the employees with the help of vision (Marques
and Dhiman, 2018). They are the ones who ensure that within the non-profit organization,
employees focus on the future aims of the establishment along with providing attention over the
employee’s speech, as well as respect the values and act in order to strengthen their position
while always upholding the vision and ethos.
Theme 2: What is the importance of hiring volunteers in Non-profit company?
Voluntary workers play an essential role in completing daily activities in a non-profit
company and work alongside paid workers to attain company objectives (From the perspective
of Heffernan, 2018). These jobs are different from each other but support success of the
company equally. It can be disorienting for both paid and unpaid groups if they are going to do
same or similar kind of roles, as they can lead to resentment. However, there are various kinds of
challenges that have been faced by the firms in order to recruit and retain a volunteer along with
having a spread between what the grouping want from unpaid people and what the firms are
offering (Febriani and Selamet, 2020). Thus, companies need to think about innovative ways in
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order to involve volunteers perhaps micro volunteers, family volunteers, etc. The non-profit
organizations involve volunteers while adding the value to the firm and helps them to achieve
their objectives and goals in effective manner. The volunteers are the ones who help the
organization to engage more diverse range of experiences, skills and knowledge. Through this
the company can reach more of their beneficiaries. It also helps to raise awareness about the
company cause and build relationship within the community (Wilmsen, 2019). It also
contributes towards providing support to others within the same assemblage by providing
military volunteer possibilities, providing opportunities for societal situations, skills’
improvement and possible routes to occupation. There is also evidence that volunteering can
help to improve health and well-being for individuals.
Volunteers are responsible for confuting important activities such as devolution and
delivery of activities, projects and services by bringing in new opinions, approaches and ideas
(Baykal and Zehir, 2018). This can help the firm to conform, edict applicable to what the
benefactive role and assemblage need along with identifying possibilities to improve operatives.
They also help in order to deliver services or projects in more efficient and effectual manner
which contribute their part to save money as well as resources. Therefore, companies do have to
invest in providing support to volunteers for this to work effectively. There are specific ways
through which the company recruit volunteers that are based upon the size, budget, activities by
seeking help, etc (Lee, 2019). Volunteers are not restricted to any geographical or governmental
place worldwide, and here in Asia, where there are several poor countries, volunteers can still
work and offer their time, as well as work as paid individuals.
There is no essential to conference serviceman for instance, although it is a good recitation to do
so even if it is represented as an unceremonious gathering rather than a group discussion. It is
also a good recitation to code issues of variedness. (Still not sure what you want to convey with
this part – Sorry)
Some organizations have formal procedures for recruiting volunteers within their non-
profit organization, but most organisations do not (Akella and Eid, 2018). Littler and
unceremonious self-help groups may not inevitably enlist a man to a particular role or function
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and will use volunteers to tend to the business at hand, whether they are particularly suited to
that role or not. However, before commencement of employment goes ahead, they need to bear
in mind that time-honoured serviceman routes are changing and there is increasing competition
amongst organisations for a pool of relative grouping (Nonnis and et. al., 2020). People present
their requirements, skills and abilities because they want to be sure that their time is of benefit,
and well spent doing what they are good at, so it’s important to have volunteer work well
coordinated and that their efforts will be measured to attain the best of their abilities, not waste
their time, and make the organisation achieve its goal.
It is important to recruit dedicated and talented volunteers to support staff in achieving a
company’s mission (Garsten and Bruce, 2018). Recruiting volunteers can greatly impact a
company. Volunteering for non-profit is an unmistakable mode in building both volunteer and
citizens in a stronger community so it’s important to both to have volunteers employed within
non-profit organizational activities. Volunteers giving appropriate services also receive the
opportunity to help themselves as well. It is well documented that if a person in depression helps
others, it most often alleviates that depression, and has been known to dispel it (Mekonen and et.
al., 2021). It helps the volunteer learn new skills, and hone old skills. Volunteering can be a win-
win situation for both the volunteers as well as the people who are being served by them. A
company, in their recruitment efforts, can often be unaware about the benefits of employing
volunteers too. Very often, a passionate, eager volunteer, will come into the situation with fresh
eyes, and in their eager passion, fuel the employees towards other possibilities or ideas towards
ways of working with people and finding understanding in given situations. (Stefanick, Best-
Bertwistle and Race, 2020). It has been identified that, even the happiest employee can get
bogged down in the work of their employment within the firm and people who love their day-to-
day job can get bored. Hence, volunteering helps the firm to enhance the level of interests
among the establishment as the activities are not bound to any specific structure and each person
is welcomed to give their suggestion in the firm. Non-profit organizations require volunteers in
order to get specialists or professionals who will work with them without getting anything in
return. With the help of such kind of volunteers, the non-profit organizations can grab their
profit margin and reduce their costs as they have professionals who provide technological
services to the firm. With the help of volunteers, the firms can raise their fund level for the
successful running of the establishment. They also provide services in order to interact with the
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society as well as the community so that social awareness can be spread in wider context (Ertas,
2019). The resources of the organization also utilize in effectual way without getting anything
waste.
Voluntary workers bring new perspective to the company which can support
improvement in daily operations and contribute to organizational success. Professional
developments are not only limited to workday hours (Paciarotti, Cesaroni and Bevilacqua,
2018). Volunteers are the ones who provide various opportunities to the firm. They are the ones
who provide new ways and methods in order to do things and make the other staff members as
well to complete their tasks in highly effectual ways. The professionals help the other team
members to learn new ways of managing, brainstorming and problem solving. In other words, it
is also a kind of team building experience that have been adopted by the firm as well as giving
back to the community at the same time.
Theme 3: What are the benefits of leadership styles in Non-profit organization?
It has been identified that non-profit management are created by civil lodge and rely on
over volunteers who utilize their efforts in order to extenuate social issues (Abasilim, Gberevbie
and Osibanjo, 2019). The leaders within these kinds of societies plays an important role in the
development of the establishment as they inspire, motivate and encourage those who make up
the firm and work as drivers among the society. In general, it has been identified that there are
basically four types of approach to non-profit leadership which includes retainer leadership,
transformational leadership, interactive leadership and magnetic leadership. Servant leading is a
way to advance a non-profit social group based upon the generalization of servant ability. It is
based upon the ideas that leaders should serve others before themselves. It requires them to be
modest, self-denying and highly ordained towards the needs and desires of others. It is all about
authorizing those around the individual and building them up. This leadership style can be
utilized as an agency for leaders to appoint a comprehensive surrounding where people feel
recognized and cared for. The benefits that have been contributed by this kind of leadership style
in non-profit organizations is to keep the firm’s focus of its missionary task, and never lose sight
of the missionary post. (Aboramadan and Dahleez, 2020). A servant person has authentic
interest in other people and will work towards making their job easier. Servant mindset focuses
on making the jobs of other easier by removing unnecessary workload This includes pickings up
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some of their obligations or providing emotive assistance to those who need them the most. A
servant leader is somebody who knows that everyone has value and worth within the
establishment. They formulate a situation for others, where they can accomplish things and grow
in confidence and knowledge. They also realize that everyone can supply invaluable support to
the firm and will give opportunity and open space for everyone to have a chance to shine.
The usage of transformational leadership in non-profit company helps attain
organizational betterment (Lee, 2019). This has been established to be the most effectual manner
to create successful non-profit firm. This type of management style helps the individual in order
to motivate staff, make decisions, that are best for the firm in that they create a civilization that
is centred on service. This leadership style often be used to enhance the effectiveness of the firm.
It can be used in non-profits in order to enhance their skilfulness and effectualness. The
challenge with transformational position can be that it takes more time than other styles of
leadership. This does not mean it is not worth doing however, because their success rate is
higher than other styles of leadership. It is more time-consuming, and it does not work for every
non-profit out there. Leaders using this style can make up amended institution culture for
employees as well as clients.
Transactional leadership in a non-profit firm leads generally by commission of directors
and hence the committee is trustworthy for both the vision and dealings of the firm (Mirabella
and et.al., 2019). This is a kind of style that is used in non-profit firms which also involve
component hunting, giving response, and setting specific goals required to be met. It is when the
leader and follower meet at a common goal, characterized by mutual respect and understanding.
However, charismatic leadership is when an individual can attract and motivate people to join
the cause. It is when a leader has the magnetic personality that is powerful and ignites passion
and vision in others to follow them. They are not born with this passion, but rather prepared with
the help of training sessions, discipline and practice (Asbari, Santoso and Prasetya, 2020). This
style of leadership will enhance the performance of the firm by improving their culture and
morale. With various studies, it has been identified that this kind of leader is more wrapped up
towards completing their project and awareness towards attaining the goal is more focussed
upon, as it brings such great levels of satisfaction to their job.
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Theme 4: What are the challenges faced at a time of implementing leadership styles within Non-
profit organization?
It has been identified that leadership continuously presents changing circumstances o
employees with limited capabilities in terms of organizational resources and control over
external forces. These challenges are an invitation to rise to another level; to test themselves and
improve process (Asif and et.al., 2019). Situations that arise from outside their situation, but
impact the company regardless need to be faced, and therefore grow a leader in taking the
company through it. External challenges such as public disapproval especially clueless
unfavourable judgment of the group or mission, social issues either within the group or mission
are common in the current business environment and there is need for individuals who can
provide effective solutions and support in such situations. Crisis stemming from company
programmes, the financial resources present at the company, opposing forces from external
entities, inability to persuade, barrier resulting from collaboration with others requires a leader
for providing a sense of direction and introduce equilibrium. An effective leader is needed in
times of organizational crisis equally by the company and the employees. In case of non-profit
organizations, the requirement for such type of leader is of utmost important as the external
environment in which such organizations operate is continuously changing. In order to cope with
external challenges, the leader is required to be proactive, regardless of the situation they find
themselves in. In terms of achieving their goal, waiting is often not something a leader wants to
do, to just fulfil requirements, and tick the correct boxes. They have a vision and want to move
on it, and make it come to fruition. This characteristic can and does make the group of workers
nervous, as they may view their leader’s passion as reckless, or acting without control or
boundaries. Leaders are most often very creative, and often spontaneous as ideas come through
their minds, which they see clearly and will solve issues, but the group cannot read the leader’s
mind, so are blind to the outcome a leader can see. It requires adoption of certain changes within
the working of the style in which the work has been done or completed within the workplace. By
expanding the thoughts' horizon, the leaders can reach a collaborative space under which all the
team members are combined to fulfil specified tasks.
Apart from this (Lee, 2017) Leaders can deal with certain challenges and seek help to
achieve the goal, and are able to resolve a variety of difficulties, add components, assert rules
and give access to enable people to do business in collaborative manner. By retaining the
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objectivity and mediating the conflict within the firm by not taking anybody's side helps the
leaders to resolve a certain amount of struggle and/or challenges, as well as create more
opportunities to help them work in combined manner, develop team within the group, or
organisation, and develop and grow them to overcome challenges for themselves.
Internal challenges also need to be considered by the leaders in context that leaders might
also face their own individual issues and making sure they do not prevent them from exercising
leadership (Vallaster and Von Wallpach, 2018). Internal challenges such as insecurity faced by
them in context that they are not up to the tasks they face. They might even believe that they are
fooling people which makes them proactive by following their vision from feeling like leaders.
Another challenge is defensiveness which shows up most frequently as a cognition to take
disapproval. It also considers obstinate action to alter plans, thoughts or presume even if they are
being shown to be ineffective. Some other challenges include inability to direct the team when
they are facing issues, inability of being objective, impatience, etc.
In order to deal with them certain practices which involve listening to the employees in
an appropriate manner, asking for 360-degree feedback, look at the situations that are going
around them, reach out for professional help etc. comes under the consideration and effectively
able to fulfil the requirements of resolving internal challenges faced by the firm (Harris and
Neely, 2021).
Theme 5: Describe the different theories of leadership can useful for effectiveness in
management of non-profit organization
As per the view of Laohakul and Rassameethes, (2021) theories of leadership has power
to describe which essential practice for human, it has to apply within in business activity for
management performance of different people behaviour evaluation and effective communication
application. Contingency theory of leadership has power to manage multiple conflicts within
identification of business situation, its very effective leadership techniques mainly for non-profit
business or organization where multiple conflicts happened within basis activisms from
leadership styles and management methods. Management of non-profit organization such who
believes and prefer to provide services with taken few amounts or without amount so its
essential that this type of organization highly prefer this approach for management of
performance of individual towards with the business activities.
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According to Rotich, (2021) argued that behavioural leadership theory because its useful
for evaluation of performance towards with the business activities so leader has duty to resolve
their problems and develop decisions on the basis of requirement identification. Within non-
profit organization this leadership practices has power to coordinating individual with great
manner because it develops instruction individual has different behaviour so for the management
require some motivation tools which useful for resolve conflicts and manages work efficiency.
Also, it guides with great manner to resolve conflicts. Görgens-Ekermans and Roux, (2021)
established democratic behavioural approach and this theory is one of the most effective styles
or approach for managing different people behaviour with more effective ways. Because, it
always believes and prefer in develop concern on effectively handle every individual behaviour
with the best solution expansion.
As per the view of Goldsby and et.al., (2021) leader when hire new employees they do
have duty to develop diversity approach. So management has duty or responsibility to develop
hire concern towards with the human resources department activity that when they hire
employee they do have to maintain diversity and effective communication for encourage
employee towards with the non-profit organization. Because, various people consider that non-
profit organization not provide good salaries and incentive so very few individual prefer to
engage and participate within in non-profit organization. Because multiple time this type of
business get affects from lack of resources and financial disability issues. In this activity
business management has duty to develop higher consideration towards with human relationship
theory. Its useful for manage good relation with polite communication expansion in hiring and
employee learning process.
Baig and Ndiweni, (2021) established that transactional theory or management theory
has mainly concern on that management team or leaders develop higher consideration and
focuses towards with the distribution of essential benefits to employees what they really wants
and when they not able to fulfil their needs and wants. On the basis of author they highly
concern that management of employee is very complicated when company is non-profits
organization. So its essential to add on into business activities one major theory of leadership is
transactional theory. This theory useful for develop great structure for employee benefits, new
employee hire process and from the discussion then management decide to develop plan for the
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solution of employee problems, its beneficial for attract employee attraction towards with the
origination activity.
As per the view of Bryson, Crosby and Seo, (2022) argued that leadership is one of most
effective skill for management of multiple behaviour of employees for management task and
efficiency expansion in business activities because leader has power to develop motivation and
training for performance improvement and long term attraction development towards with
organization work.
According to O'Boyle, Shilbury and Ferkins, (2020) almost every individual theory has
prose, and they do have fewer corns as well. So idea of this term individual organization if its
non-profit or profitable their management has duty to involve different readership theories like
great man theory which useful for develop confidence in individual towards with the performing
their task with great manner, situational leadership it includes where leader develop variation in
their behaviour for risk management and resolution of conflicts and many more theories has
power to resolve conflicts and beneficial for managing substantiality in business practices for
long term growth.
As per the view of Thebo and et.al., (2021) that its critical aspects to manage
management and leadership within non-profit organization. It requires unique and effective
skills, training, leading, motivation and many more terms for successful goal achievement.
Therefore, management of effective leadership theories defiantly provide helps and focuses
towards with the management of long term sustainability within non-profit business.
Transformational leadership or relationship theory is all above refers to develop variation in
leadership styles within situational basis. Utilization of this leadership style has power to
develop new opportunities with social behaviour identification.
According to do Adro and Leitão, (2020) non-profit organization is all above refers to
develop higher focuses towards with the social, environmental, political benefits within specific
area. Successful leadership in business can be possible when leader has idea and knowledge of
which essential theory they do have to apply on their leadership style. Having appropriate idea
of leadership theory like situational theory which useful for provide idea that when individual
feel demotivation how to resolve their issue also when individual not maintain discipline its
essential to provide them guidance Therefore its clear that application of appropriate leadership
is one of the most effective approach for non-profit organization effectiveness.
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As per the view of Omondi-Ochieng, (2021) argued that almost every leadership theory
like transformational, behavioural, situational, trait, great man and many more others has power
to manage performance of non-profit organization activity. Leadership is all above refers to
define as combination of various skills for management tasks with proper evaluation and
identification of essential factors of business which has power to control employee retention
activity. Leadership theories develop higher concern and develop focuses towards with the
intervention of risk and control expansion on employee turnover issue.
Saleem, Tahir and Batool, (2021) established that leadership and management
effectiveness is key for long term sustainability expansion in non-profit business. Major reason
of this term is leadership within in management activity mainly applied by application and
consideration of new leadership application on the basis of business environment identification.
Non-profit leaders mainly develop attraction towards with, individual need completion and
encourage others with diverse cultural activity expansion. And for this process one of the most
effective theory which essential to follows and consider by others.
As per the view of Islam and et.al., (2019) manger's level authority when raise
punishment rule or process within business activity, so in one way its good for business task
completion and employee focus development but on the other hand it impacts on mental health
disability as well. And when leaders develop punishment they do have duty to concern on
rewards distribution process as well otherwise it badly affects on individual min-set. Therefore,
Contingency approach theory is most appropriate approach where leaders identify two variables
before any reaction of decision process. Non profit organization performance badly impact from
leadership, so they do have duty to involve contingency because it beneficial for manage
employee behaviour with two effective approach identification. Also, leaders and manager
authority has power to provide written notice to employee as well.
Theme 6: What are the skills and strategies required for managing non-profit organization?
Desai and DeArmond, (2021) establish that multiple skills and strategies has power to
manage long term effectiveness in non-profit organization. Skills and strategies requires for
strategic planning, problem solving, delegation, good and effective communication and many
more. Development of skills in non- profit business has power to develop and produce new
leaders and effective workers which has power to manage various tasks. Management has major
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duty to involve experts which has power to develop skills in employees, so they develop higher
consideration and focuses towards with the become good position in non-profit organization as
leaders which is very beneficial for business performance.
As per the view of Delshab and et.al., (2021) non-profit organization mainly prepares for
the management of cultural activities with distribution of benefits. Also, where people work for
the social environment effectiveness so this type of business management has duty to leaders for
performing task. Because this type of organization mainly develop by government and when
their management department not develop higher concern on distribution of work and provide
work to any individual without evaluation of their skills and project completion strategy. So,
then it badly impacts or affects on performance of non-profit organization. Individual leaders has
major duty to develop some essential skills like communication, problem solving, decision-
making.
According to Haque, (2021) involvement of new people in business require skills and
strategies because without efficiency expansion in new volunteer involvement in business
impacts on growth and new opportunity expansion in business. Skills for new employee hiring is
not easier it requires strategic approaches like planing which candidate has power to manage
various task within non-profit organization, experience analysis or evaluation and many more.
Le and Tuamsuk, (2021) established that new employee involvement can be easily
managed within in very type of business with human resource department in management
because they do have clarity and consistency in hiring process. Also, they believe and make
focuses towards with the effective employee involvement which has proper interest to
performing social benefits task within in non-profit business. Because social worker has
responsibility to perform task with their own skills like any individual who get suffer from any
health issues, so they do have duty to provide treatment facilities on the basis or their
requirement identification.
Oliveira and Pinheiro, (2021) established that in case two individual develop argument
on specific topic its essential that company' management team has good leader which has power
to resolve issues with proper evaluation of situation. So in this case its important term that
business develop higher consideration and focuses towards with leaders involvement for
sustainability expansion in decision-making approach which has power to manage risk.
Problems solving and effective decision-making is very basic skills which requires within almost
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every business practices without having leadership and management skills badly impacts on
performance of leaders because they don't have proper idea for how to manage various tasks.
Rosenbaum and More, (2021) established that almost leader's has one of the most
effective skill is motivation which useful for develop performance management of individual for
performing tasks with great manner. New people hiring is not easier it takes time and
involvement of multiple resources, and when they develop hiring process for new employee they
do have duty to develop great skills and strategies. In effective hiring can be easily possible
when human resource management team develop higher concern towards with the involvement
of human with polite communication ad provide them proper information what they want from
non-profit business. Thus, various people think that how this type of organization raise fund for
distribution of services.
As per the view of Barhate and et.al., (2021) Skills of strategies require in non-profit
organization effectiveness in hiring process to encourage new people, proper describe all the
important activities which happened into this specific business environment, which facilities and
knowledge they can develop or gain for their future effective and many more. Application of this
skill of method has power to motivate new employee towards with the interest development
towards with non-profit business management. Theory of system management is very effective
approach for skills and strategic management within in non-profit business practices because it
develops ideas for managing different individual performance and business long term growth
with great manner.
Laohakul and Rassameethes, (2021) established that skills and strategies development
within non-profit organization management is essential aspect or approach. Because of lack of
attraction, motivation, lack of opportunity of incentives influences employee relation. Also, from
the metal care solution, public problem solution, environmental or cultural benefits activities,
programs development for health safety and many more tasks is not easier which term also
affects on non-profit organization sustainability. Idea of this term its important term to engage
appropriate skills within in management practices and provide them proper information to HR
department that when they engage employee they provide facts of motivation like incentives,
performance growth and many more which useful for encourage audience towards with the non-
profit business.
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Theme 7: What are the impacts of leadership and management in non-profit organization?
According to Hazzaa, Oja and Kim (2022), leader for benefit and non-benefit associations
are liable for dynamic connected with making of vital plans which guide future activities of the
organization. The obligation of system arrangement should build the uneasiness among pioneers
in both for benefit and non-benefit to take reasonable decisions for the organization so the
business can succeed. The assigning liabilities and jobs two unique representatives is finished by
pioneers which expands the significance of pioneers decreasing this reluctance during direction
and designation of exercises and systems.
Potluka Svecova and Zarubova (2022) said that, Change in initiative in many
organizations depends on progress of business execution. Be that as it may, one of the huge jobs
of initiative is to rouse and prepare staff to foster authoritative techniques and imagine their staff
individuals to embrace their game plan with their equivalent concepts. The incapability of
pioneers could bring about tremendous results. Without this approaching from a pioneer, it could
bring about the deficiency of the association by and large, or essentially goal the association to
lose any energy and never satisfy its motivation concerning why it began in any case. There is
huge importance for the leadership in non-profits and ensure them for unique associated with
leadership in the non-profit sector. This could take the primary difference between non-profit
leadership and that takes both paid and non-paid people to complete the mission. While most of
the non-profit organization ad most of them are governmental organization so that could engage
with people initially through having employment and lead them with non-profit engage their
people through having voluntarism.
As per Richard (2022) said that, It is mistaken to express that administrative roles just
incorporate senior preparation positions as pioneers can be available in any place of the
organization. The majority of the foundations these days position their vital staff to conspicuous
rolls. The very clarification for this direction is that the staff is relied upon to fight with the
rapidly consistently changing fate in the area. Pioneers inside the firm can battle with challenges
and come before specific goal against them. Be that as it may, overseeing chief may not know
how to treat they face change. Antonymous to them, administration individuals are the ones who
set out to arrive at the oncoming anticipate any feasible change to come. Aside from the quick
and rapid adjustment inside the climate, logical improvement and the improvement in
specialization likewise imperil the manageability of the firm. Social control achievement all
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alone isn't to the point of exploiting gatherings. Accordingly, organizations need pioneers who
might motivate bunches inside the foundation.
Nair And et.al., (2022) said that, shows in their review that pioneers inside the firm are
important for property as well as for the representatives. Successful initiative is similarly as
essential to the organization all things considered to the workers. This is on the grounds that
pioneers take deciding choices for representatives which assist them with directing towards
improvement of their exhibition. This is a significant initiative obligation as it influences inner
and outside climate yikes the organization to acquire achievement. Pioneers likewise require
responsibility and additionally from the representatives, which whenever given, give foundations
the achievement they might want to have. Heads of non-benefit associations should have
broadened highlights. Accordingly, one could see that the new type of unfeasible driving is more
combinatory. Leaders are the trailblazers who are liable for taking the organizations towards
new and progressed skylines by accepting open doors and directing the representatives in an
effective way.
Albanna, Alalwan and Al-Emran (2022) established about, it has been distinguished that
vision of the firm is incredibly earth shattering for pioneers and unfeasible position is critical for
the initiation. In the event that the individual and his adherents don't have the foggiest idea
where they are going, the initiative is unimportant. A pioneer is the person who lays out the
imaging yet additionally bestows it to the workers. It is the nature of planning collective perusal
and a method wherein the abstract and visual methodology of gatherings, individuals and firms
are affected in their method for arriving at targets. Unreasonable action is the quality to set up a
dream that is sensible, fascinating and bona fide for the entire foundation or for a piece of it and
to communicate it. Assuming the vision is hypothetical the correct way, it fortifies every one of
the sources along with the abilities and capacities of the staff individuals.
Clayton-Hathway (2022) contrast that, inadequate communicators and pioneers are reliant
upon oral correspondence for impacting their subordinates. Business concern chiefs of today
ought to lay out a creative mind that could pass accomplishment on to the firm and to the
business by anticipating the future and through participative comprehension of the board. They
require creating techniques and gain ground quick with a proactive methodology that have a
capacity to change notice into probability. By presence mindful of the advantages, ceaseless
learning gives visionary pioneers that must developed associations that can constantly procure
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and condition to acknowledge in the need of the planning while at the same time finding the
curiosities as well as changes. They are the ones who rouse the workers with the assistance of
vision. They are the ones who guarantee that inside the non-benefit association, representative’s
centre around the future points of the foundation alongside giving consideration over the
worker's discourse, as well as regard the qualities and act to fortify their situation while
continuously maintaining the vision and ethos.
Theme 8: Why leader and manager is important for the non-profit organization?
As per Almer and et.al., (2022) view that, leader provides the inspiring, motivates and has
the big strategy for staff and board to get the behind. Along with this leaders make sure that
people are invested and engaged and try to expand the reach and think bigger for working with
some goals and objective. A manager creates the effective system that allows the organization
for getting thing done to supposed them and staff accountable. This is also supposed for working
with tools and they need to get the job done and is also held for responsible for their part.
Intentional labourers assume a fundamental part in finishing day by day exercises in a non-
benefit organization and work close by paid specialists to accomplish organization targets.
As per Hazzaa, Oja and Kim (2022) said that, organizations need to contemplate
inventive routes to include chips in maybe miniature volunteers, the non-benefit associations
include volunteers while enhancing the firm and assist them with accomplishing their targets and
objectives in powerful way. The volunteers are the ones who assist the association with
connecting more different scope of encounters, abilities and information. Through this the
organization can arrive at a greater amount of their recipients. It additionally assists with
bringing issues to light with regards to the organization cause and assemble relationship inside
the local area. It likewise contributes towards offering help to others inside a similar gathering
by giving military volunteer prospects, giving open doors to cultural circumstances, abilities'
improvement and potential courses to occupation. There is likewise proof that chipping in can
assist with further developing wellbeing and prosperity for people.
Richard (2022) said that, these positions are not quite the same as one another yet support
accomplishment of the organization similarly. It tends to be bewildering for both paid and
neglected gatherings in the event that they will do same or comparative sort of jobs, as they can
prompt hatred. There are different sorts of difficulties that have been looked by the organizations
to select and hold a volunteer alongside having a spread between what the gathering need from
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neglected individuals and what the organizations are advertising. Volunteers are answerable for
invalidating significant exercises like devolution and conveyance of exercises, undertakings and
administrations by getting new approaches and thoughts. This can assist the firm with adjusting,
proclamation pertinent to what job and gathering need alongside recognizing potential outcomes
to further develop agents. They additionally help to convey administrations or tasks in more
proficient and adequate way which contributes their part to set aside cash as well as assets.
Hence, organizations in all actuality do need to put resources into offering help to volunteers for
everything to fall into place really. There are explicit courses through which the organization
enrol volunteers that depend on the size, financial plan, exercises by looking for help, and so on.
Almer and et.al., (2022) represent that, volunteers are not confined to any topographical or
administrative spot around the world, and here in Asia, where there are a few helpless nations;
volunteers can in any case work and proposition their time, as well as work as paid people.
There is no crucial for meeting serviceman for example, in spite of the fact that it decent
recitation to such regardless of whether it is addressed as inelegant assembling rather than a
gathering conversation. It is likewise a decent recitation to code issues of variedness. A few
associations include formal methodology for enlisting volunteers inside their non-benefit
association, however most associations don't. Smaller and inelegant self improvement gatherings
may not unavoidably enrol employees to a specific job or work and will utilize volunteers to
keep an eye on the current business, whether or not they are especially fit to that job.
According to Roy, Perrin and Assens (2022), before initiation of business goes on, they
need to remember that revered serviceman courses are changing and there is expanding rivalry
among associations for a pool of relative gathering. Individuals present their prerequisites,
abilities and capacities since they need to be certain that their time is of advantage, and very
much spent doing what they are great at, so it's essential to have charitable effort all around
composed and that their endeavours will be estimated to accomplish the best of their capacities,
not burn through their time, and cause the association to accomplish its objective. Enrolling
volunteers can significantly affect an organization. Volunteers offering proper administrations
likewise get the chance to help themselves also. It is all around reported that assuming an
individual in melancholy helps other people; it most frequently lightens that downturn, and has
been known to disperse it. This can be a mutually advantageous arrangement for both the
volunteers as well as individuals who are being served by them.
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As per Albanna, Alalwan and Al-Emran (2022), an organization, in their enlistment can
regularly be ignorant with regards to the advantages of utilizing volunteers as well. Regularly, an
energetic, excited volunteer, will come into the circumstance with open-minded perspectives,
and in their enthusiastic enthusiasm, fuel the representatives towards different conceivable
outcomes or thoughts towards approaches to working with individuals and tracking down
comprehension in given circumstances. Non-benefit associations require volunteers to get
subject matter experts or experts who will work with them without receiving anything
consequently. With the assistance of such sort of volunteers, the non-benefit associations can get
their overall revenue and lessen their expenses as they have experts who offer innovative types
of assistance to the firm.
Theme 9: What the different implication of leadership and management in non-profit
organization for developing?
It has been recognized that, even the most joyful worker can get stalled in crafted by their
work inside the firm and individuals who love their everyday occupation can get exhausted.
Henceforth, in assists the firm with upgrading the degree of interests among the foundation as
the exercises are not bound to a particular design and every individual is invited to give their
idea in the firm (Oliveira And et.al., 2021). With the assistance of volunteers, the organizations
can raise their asset level for the fruitful running of the foundation. They likewise offer types of
assistance to communicate with the general public as well as the local area so friendly
mindfulness can be spread in more extensive setting. The assets of the association likewise use
in viable manner without getting anything waste.
As per Al-Khrabsheh, (2018) said that, another reason for using the high relationship with
having various leadership styles and so that exist with no clear goals within the organization. As
leaders in organization also allow for working with together with their employees and seems to
work with support from the leaders. Wilful labourers carry new point of view to the organization
which can uphold improvement in everyday activities and add to hierarchical achievement.
Proficient advancements are not just restricted to typical business day hours. Volunteers are the
ones who give different open doors to the firm. They are the ones who give new ways and
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techniques to get things done and make the other staff individuals also to get done with their
jobs in profoundly viable ways. The experts help the other colleagues to learn better approaches
for making due, conceptualizing and critical thinking. It is likewise sort of group building
experience that has been embraced by the firm as well as rewarding the local area
simultaneously.
According to Hailey and James (2020), it has been distinguished that non-benefit the
board are made by common cabin and depend on over volunteers who use their endeavors to
mitigate social issues. The pioneers inside these sorts of social orders assumes a significant part
in the improvement of the foundation as they move, spur and support the individuals who make
up the firm and work as drivers among the general public. As a rule, it has been recognized that
there are fundamentally four kinds of way to deal with non-benefit authority which incorporates
retainer initiative, administration, intuitive authority and attractive authority. Worker driving is a
method for propelling a non-benefit gathering in view of the speculation of worker capacity. It
depends on the thoughts that pioneers should serve others before themselves. It expects them to
be unassuming, self-denying and profoundly appointed towards the requirements and wants of
others. Everything revolves around approving those around the individual and developing them.
This administration style can be used as an office for pioneers to designate a thorough
encompassing where individuals feel perceived and really focused on. The advantages that have
been contributed by the sort of initiative style in non-benefit associations, that are to maintain
the company's focal point of its evangelist task, and never neglect to focus on the leader post.
Gratton (2018) view that, use of administration in non-benefit organization accomplishes
hierarchical improvement. This has been laid out to be the most adequate way to make effective
non-benefit firm. This sort of the executives style assists the person all together with persuading
staff, decide, that are best for the firm in that they make a civilization that is fixated on help.
This administration style frequently be utilized to upgrade the adequacy of the firm. It very well
may be utilized in non-benefits to improve their adequacy. The test with groundbreaking
position can be that it requires some investment than different styles of authority. This doesn't
mean it does not merit doing notwithstanding, on the grounds that their prosperity rate is higher
than different styles of authority. It is additional tedious, and it doesn't work for each non-benefit
out there. Pioneers utilizing this style can make up revised establishment culture for
representatives as well as clients. Value-based administration in a non-benefit firm leads by and
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large by commission of chiefs and subsequently the panel is dependable for both the vision and
dealings of the firm.
Ferkins, Shilbury and O’Boyle (2018) argue that, leadership working style that is utilized in
non-benefit firms which likewise include part hunting, giving reaction, and defining explicit
objectives expected to be met. It is the point at which the pioneer and supporter meet at a shared
objective, described by common regard and comprehension. In any case, charming
administration is the point at which an individual can draw in and propel individuals to join the
reason. It is the point at which a pioneer has the attractive character that is strong and lights
enthusiasm and vision in others to follow them. They are not brought into the world with this
enthusiasm, but instead ready with the assistance of instructional meetings, discipline and
practice. This style of initiative will upgrade the presentation of the firm by working on their
way of life and confidence. With different investigations, it has been distinguished that this sort
of pioneer is more wrapped up towards finishing their venture and mindfulness towards
accomplishing the objective is more focused upon, as it carries such incredible degrees of
fulfillment to their work.
RESEARCH GAP
The present study highly focuses on the leadership and management in non-profit
organization over the hiring of volunteers in order to find implications over the management and
leadership has been done so that the final goals of the study can be achieved in the best possible
manner (Jones and et.al., 2017). Although there is limited amount of data has been available in
this specific context of topic and hence requires a lot of research over the selected subject. In
previous studies, it has been identified that there was a lot of amounts of data had been presented
about the role leaders and managers within an organization or their leadership and management
styles that effectively helps the firm to run their business in most effectual ways (Yin and Chen,
2019). Hence, in order to over from certain investigation gap, the chapter has been included
namely literature review which effectively able to answer diversified questions that comes
within the mind of scholar at the time of investigating over this specific theme. Therefore, the
researcher tries their best to bridge the gap among the study in the highest possible mode.
21

SUMMARY
From the above information that has been involved within the literature review chapter, it
has been found that leadership and management skills are highly influential within an
organization as well as non-profit establishment. The leaders are the one who plays a vital role
within an organization whether it is an NGO, then the company is unable to run in appropriate
ways to achieve social goal for which the company have been established. Leaders are not the
only person who works within the company, apart from this, there are various volunteers as well
who works intentionally for the betterment of the establishment, community as well as the
society. Hence, both leaders and volunteers are significant in order to run any business
especially non-profit organization in highly efficient manner.
In the above literature review, the benefits of volunteers and the leadership styles also
have been discussed that can be got by the non-profit firms. Some benefits that have been
grabbed by the firm involves the working style of the volunteers as they are also able to reduce
the cost of the resources that has been incurred in their hiring who possess various technological
and managerial skills. The leadership style also affects the functioning of the firm and provides
benefits to the leaders as they can boost morale of the followers by combining their mission and
vision. Although, there are certain challenges that are also faced by them while handling specific
tasks among their team members at the time of implementing their specific style.
22

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