Control of Nosocomial infections in Delhi In India

This report focuses on how nosocomial infections can be significantly reduced within Delhi's hospitals. The research conducted in the hospitals within Delhi in India has revealed that the rate of VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) and MRSA resistance rate is exceptionally high compared with the other world hospitals.

Running head: NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS 1
Nosocomial Infections
Student’s Name
Professor’s name
Institutional Affiliation
Date

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Control of Nosocomial infections in Delhi In India
Introduction
Background
Nosocomial infection is a disease acquired from the hospital. It can as well be described
as an infection acquired within the health center by a patient admitted for other infections. That
overwhelm the diseases acquired from the health center by the patients or the other members of
the hospital like the nurses. According to the nosocomial illness occur within 48 hours after some
patients are admitted to a specific hospital or within the three days of discharge. The infection
affects about one patient out of 10 patients in a hospital. However, the hospital has implemented
various policies to monitor and combat the germs through the rate of infection is still very high
(Fritz & Wilson, 2018). This infection is different when compared to non-nosocomial diseases.
The virus can be transmitted by the patient n that hospital or the members of the staff in a given
hospital setting. Other conditions can be acquired from the other places outside the hospital, and
Recently, health centers have been trying to tackle the nosocomial infections rate of the
transmission (Agarwal & Sankar, 2016).
The Nosocomial infection has been recorded at a high rate in hospitals within the Delhi
city in India. For instance, MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and the C.
difficile bacteria have shown a significant decrease from the research conducted recently
(Gelband et al. 2015). The report released by (HPA) health protection agency claimed that C.
difficile decreased to 2 % of the patients with the infection in the year 2006 to about 0.4% in the
year 2012. The methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus reduced significantly to 0.1% by the
year 2012 from 1.8% observed in the year 2006 (Lamba, Graham & Ahammad, 2017). Though

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there still other bacteria on rise especially those caused by E. coli and the salmonella. The
research has shown the mutual infections affect the respiratory tracts succeed by the urinary tract
diseases and the surgical sites infections (Kumar et al 2017). It’s also clearly indicated that
within Delhi the highest number of people affected by the nosocomial infections are the old
people and the infants. The high rate of infections was recorded within the intensive care unit
(ICU) and the surgical wards (Gupta, Krishnan, Sharma, Kumar, Aneja & Ray, 2018)
Hospital in Delhi in India carry a significant burden of these infections, and the diseases
are continuously affecting individuals at a high rate. Thus, making it the choice of my research
site. Many of these infection within this locality are antibiotic-resistance to the treatment. This is
with the respect to (GARP) global antibiotic resistance partnership for the India working groups.
The report released by GARP stated that many of these nosocomial diseases can be prevented.
Therefore, the primary objective of this report is to focus on how these nosocomial infections can
be significantly reduced within Delhi's hospitals. The research conducted in the hospitals within
Delhi in India has revealed that the rate of VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus) and MRSA
resistance rate is exceptionally high compared with the other world hospitals (Gelband et al.
2015).
The fact that these nosocomial infections resistance to the antibiotic are a significant
challenge in treatment. The negative results of these infections are a prolonged period of stay in
hospitals, more treatment expenses, and death in most cases. The global antibiotic resistance
partnership (GARP), Delhi hospitals contribute a higher number of deaths associated with some
nosocomial infections. Another research study carried out in the year 2001 in one of the hospitals
in the Delhi city suggested that about 140 out of the possible 1253 people accounting for 11
percentage in 152 health centers had the infections. Some research proved that many hospitals in

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Delhi do not adhere to infection-controlled measures hence contributing to the high rate of the
nosocomial diseases spread (Sharma, Ramani, Mavalankar, Kanguru & Hussein, 2015).
Analysis of the issue
In order to Control of the spreads of the nosocomial infections, there is need to
understand how these infections are transmitted. Nosocomial infection is as a result of the
microorganisms present within the hospital surroundings. The transmission of the disease
between the nurses and the patient with a weak immune system. When the infection is
transmitted from one person to another, the infection is referred to as exogenous infections. The
transmission could happen for instance when the nurse has to apply the bandage to the wounds of
the patient and moves to attend the next patient without disinfecting their hands. In case there are
any infection-causing bacteria present, it can be transmitted to the nurse or the next patient (Kalil
et al. 2016).
Nosocomial infections can also occur as a result of self-infection hence known as
endogenous infection which is an infectious component within individual's body. Such
contagious elements are the UTIS within the digestive tract. The growth of such bacteria is being
facilitated by the proper environmental condition that favors its growth. These conditions are like
water, nutrients, oxygen, and darkness. For many individuals within the Delhi city, acquire
nosocomial infections when an individual is still admitted to the health center. These peoples'
immune system is compromised thus unable to prevent the disease. The most individuals prone
to nosocomial infection other than the old and the infants are the people who have cancer. These
are the individuals who lost their lifetime undergo chemotherapies for cancer treatment since it
has been proven the various therapies decrease the rate of white blood cells (WBCs). The
reduction of the WBCs weakens the immune system since their primary purpose is to fight

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multiple infections in the body. In many cases, the cancerous individuals are provided with the
antibiotics with the aim of preventing the infections (Ki,2015).
The Impact of the Nosocomial infection
The impact of nosocomial infection with Delhi city is a big problem especially when it
comes to hospital expenses, mortality and the morbidity. With regards to (Kaye et al. 2014) out
of eleven people admitted to Delhi hospitals one of them is diagnosed with the disease. About
hundred thousand hospitals are found to have the infection in every year. Nosocomial diseases
do not only impact the expenses of the hospital insignificantly but also has detrimental effects on
the family and the patient. In case a patient gets into the hospital for the operation and transmit
an infection, that can interfere with most of their lives. For instance, the family members will be
very worried, and the patients will have to take a long illness leave their homes. The infection
can affect the children of the infected person since they need childcare while he or she is
hospitalized. That means many of the children within Delhi in India are faced with stress and
depression due to the high rate of nosocomial infections in the place (Rynga, Shariff & Deb,
2015).
The rate of nosocomial diseases is still a big issue to all hospital in Delhi locality. Therefore,
the medical practitioners within this area need to focus on different approaches to reduce the rate
of nosocomial infection spread. These approaches range from the fundamental things like
washing the hands to complicated procedures in preventing the spread of nosocomial infections.
The health management with Delhi should focus on the hand hygiene with the health care
systems having been noted that the nursing profession. These are the principal vectors for the
nosocomial infections though not recognized within the field of medicine. The hospitals'
management has significantly facilitated the hygiene has tried to correct the mess by the

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introduction of alcohol hand gel dispenses through the public buildings in the whole locality. The
Indian government is also contributing a significant percentage to the hygiene of the Delhi
locality by the introduction of hands washing day (Manoharan, Barla, Peter, Sugumar &
Mathai,2016).
The leadership Attributes
The guidelines for the nosocomial infection incorporate different approaches and the
methods to combat its spread. The centers have published these strategies for the disease control
and Prevention (CDC) and the world organization for health (WHO). One of these approach is
the holistic approach by Watson. This is one of the proposals that focus on the skills of the
nursing professionals. One of the qualifications for the nurses to induce the control of the
infection is allowing the decision of the patients about their healthcare. This has the potential of
good health results of the patient. Therefore, every nurse must ensure they uphold the dignity and
the autonomy of the patient and should have the right consent before initiating any disease
intervention. They should involve the patient in deciding on their healthcare plans and the kind
of the approach used in the treatment. The health researchers have supported the idea that the
nursing professionals should make use of the autonomous in decision making. The outcome is
the persistent and also the consistent behaviors accompanied by a high percentage patient
satisfaction that facilitates significantly to the well-being and the wellness of the patient
(Loveday et al. 2014).
The personalized theory of every person overwhelms the characteristics that develop the
conducive autonomy environment in enabling the patient to exercise self-ability regarding their
healthcare choices. These include the medications, surgery and the screening approaches. This
will allow the patients to counter any procedure that might result in any nosocomial infection.

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According to (Mehta, Gupta, Todi, Myatra, Samaddar, Patil & Ramasubban,2014) failure to
respect patients’ autonomy has resulted to suffering from the acquired infections and other
related infections like the depression and the anxiety. The other aspect of the holistic approach is
offering similar vital health care and also curing. A culture in curing can be termed as the culture
that provided the appropriate medical intervention in helping the patients to overcome any pain.
Though the kind of healthcare cannot be necessary if not applied appropriately. The researchers
propose that the curing is linked to ethics to provide conducive healing for the patient.
Researchers have also discovered that the other issue that causes the spread of the nosocomial
infection spread is understaffing. It has been noted that many hospitals in Delhi have the low
number of nursing staff. This has led to patients’ overcrowding thus compromising the hand
hygiene. In places like intensive care units and the surgical wards. It has been reported that
understaffing of nursing professionals facilitated the spread of MRSA due to relaxed focus on the
fundamental control of the infections approaches. It was observed that some assigned nurses
were low in comparison with the high number of workload hence contributing to a high rate of
nosocomial transmission (Fritz & Wilson, 2018).
Barriers to nosocomial infections control
The necessity for monitoring the nosocomial infections within the hospitals in Delhi has
been growing at a high range since its establishment through the process is faced with a lot of
challenges. Among the many problems is the high cost of improving the standards of the
patient's healthcare. The high price has been facilitated by the need of medical epidemiologist to
assist in implementing various approaches stipulate by the Indian government in preventing and
controlling outbreak the infections within the medical institutions.

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There are also difficulties being experienced in implementing the measures of the
nosocomial infection control. These measures must be carried out on the new infection to
restrain the spread and the expansion of nosocomial infection-causing microorganisms.
Technical activities within the healthcare require proper and immediate decisions
important to patient's healthcare is the risk of their nature. It very clear that nursing practitioners
are working very hard in coping with such complexity.
Lastly. It has been noted that there is need of enough PPE (personal protective
equipment) within the nursing hospitals in Delhi. The apparatus overwhelms the gowns, medical
lab coats and grooves (Voth, Lin, Balczon, Francis & Stevens, 2018).
Conclusion
Nosocomial infections within the Delhi is a big concern of the Indian health researchers. The
health management should focus on the hygiene of health professionals within the healthcare
systems. These are the individuals who are most prone to the acquired infections.

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