Numeracy and Data Analysis Assignment : Bristol

Numeracy and Data
Analysis

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY ..................................................................................................................................1
1. Table Format............................................................................................................................1
2. Two types of chart...................................................................................................................1
3. Different data analysis methods...............................................................................................3
4. Liner forecasting model...........................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
In recent time, data analysis is defined as the methods that are used to examine particular
data in order to ascertain the appropriate result that support in decision making process
(Conoyer, Foegen and Lembke, 2016). There are different sources from where information is
collected, reviewed and analyse in order to determine the specific conclusion. Therefore, to
proceed with the functions of data analysis various techniques are used to ascertain the best
suitable result. In this report, weather data of Bristol is procured for 10 days in month of January
2018. The following report, shows result from mean, mode, median and graphical presentation of
following data. Apart this forecasted weather of day 15, 23 are also being estimated.
MAIN BODY
Bristol, is the city situated near Avon river to the south-west of England. To understand
the importance of data analysis approaches, past temperature and humidity of Bristol in obtain
during month of January (Weather report of Bristol, 2019).
1. Table Format.
Date Temperature °C
01/01/2018 6
02/01/2018 5
03/01/2018 9
04/01/2018 6
05/01/2018 5
06/01/2018 9
07/01/2018 2
08/01/2018 1
09/01/2018 0
10/01/2018 8
2. Two types of chart.
A) Bar Chart: It is a bar graph or chart that represent the categorise data in rectangular bars with
appropriate heights and lengths according to the values.
1

01/01/2018
02/01/2018
03/01/2018
04/01/2018
05/01/2018
06/01/2018
07/01/2018
08/01/2018
09/01/2018
10/01/2018
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Temperature °C
B) Scatter Plot: It is a kind of mathematical diagram with the help of Cartesian coordinates that
help to disclose the values of two different variables for given set of data. It is stated that when
points are coded than an extra variable could be shown within same graph.
2
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Series1

3. Different data analysis methods.
Temperature °C x- mean (x-m)2
6 0.9 0.81
5 -0.1 0.01
9 3.9 15.21
6 0.9 0.81
5 -0.1 0.01
9 3.9 15.21
2 -3.1 9.61
1 -4.1 16.81
0 -5.1 26.01
8 2.9 8.41
5.1 92.9
Mean 5.1
Median 7
Mode 5
Range 9
Maximum range 9
Minimum 0
STDEV 3.0479501308
(I) Mean: It is also known as mathematical average that is termed as central values of a
distinct series of number (Marks, 2015). The mean is consider to be statistical indicator
that is used to gauge the performance of different operation with an organisation. Steps to
calculate mean are:
 Add the values of each number within the series.
 Then divide the total by exact number in a set of data.
Formula to calculate mean in excel is =x¯¯¯=∑xN
Therefore the mean of temperature = 5.10C.
3

(II)Median: The middle number of a particular series is knows as median. There are two
ways of finding median according to the number of observations in specific data set. In
case of even number the two middle number are taken and average is calculated to find
the middle value. Similarly, when series have odd number then middle number is
consider as median. The simple steps to calculate median:
 Rearrange the given series in ascending order for accurate result.
 Middle value is consider as median if data set have odd values and in case of even series
than average of both middle number is calculated.
Formula to calculate median in excel is = (n+1 / 2)th term
Median for temperature= 70C.
(III) Mode: The mode is defined as the mathematical value which occurs most number
of time within a specific number of series. The followings are helpful in calculating
mode:
 Gather and organise the data from lowest of highest values.
 The more number of time a digit repeat within a data series is consider as modal value.
Formula to calculate mode is =MODE.MULT(number1, number 2…)
Thus mean of temperature= 50C.
(IV) Range: It is defined as difference among the highest and lowest values in a particular
set of numbers that shows the variance. The following steps are consider while calculating range:
 Range is calculated by minimising minimum range from maximum range
 So to calculate maximum range the formula is = MAX(number1, number 2…)
 Formula for minimum range =MIN(number1, number 2…)
 The difference of these values are known as range
Range is calculated for Temperature = MAX – MIN; (9-0) = 9 0C,
(v) Standard Deviation: In statistic it is defined as the measure of the dispersion of particular
data set that are related to the mean and is determined as the square root of following variance
(Young, Hermida and Fulda, 2018). It is observed that when point of data are further from the
mean than the data set shows more deviations. Simple steps to calculate standard deviation is:
 Organise the information in continuous series in order to ascertain more appropriate
result.
4

 According to the kind of data series following formula are used such as
STDEV( number1, number2...), STDEV.P( number1, number2...) and
STDEV.S( number1, number2...)

So standard deviation Temperature = 3.040C (approx)
4. Liner forecasting model
In simple term, the process of making valid prediction for future on the basis of past and
current data the forecasting methods id used by analysing the trends.
Steps to calculate m = m (the Slope) needs some calculation:
m = Change in Y / Change in X
 Step to calculate c = This is consider to be constant values so c = y - mx
 Using the calculated 'm' and 'c' values, the following is the forecasted weather for
day 15 and 23 are defined below:
 This forecast is calculated by using formula
FORECAST.LINEAR(x,yknownvalues,xknownvalues).
Weather for day 15 is,
Temperature = 4.92 0C.
Weather for day 23 is,
Temperature = 8.450C.
CONCLUSION
The above report, conclude that with the help of proper data analysis approaches
valuables result are determined that ease the process of decision making. With the support of
liner forecasting model appropriate estimated future values are determined on the basis of
present and past collected data.
5

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Conoyer, S. J., Foegen, A. and Lembke, E. S., 2016. Early Numeracy Indicators: Examining
Predictive Utility Across Years and States. Remedial and Special Education. 37(3).
pp.159-171.
Marks, G. N., 2015. Are school-SES effects statistical artefacts? Evidence from longitudinal
population data. Oxford Review of Education. 41(1). pp.122-144.
Young, M. L., Hermida, A. and Fulda, J., 2018. What makes for great data journalism? A content
analysis of data journalism awards finalists 2012–2015. Journalism Practice. 12(1).
pp.115-135.
Online
Weather report of Bristol. 2019. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/uk/bristol/historic?month=1&year=2018>.
6