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Numerical Problem Solving – scenario based calculations

All the topic measures of disease frequency is not clear to you - I think you need to review this thoroughly in order that you can pass the unit =0.00551 9006043 age-specific expected cases you must show you understand what you are doing the Table can be easily generated or copied - this is not an explanation The age- standardised rates also indicate that community B had higher incidence rate of breast cancer than community A, as shown already by comparing the crude, but the differences between the two communities considering the age -standardised seemed much lower (252 versus 56 per 100,000, difference of 152 per 100,000) than the differences between in communities in relation to the crudes incidence, which were 92.8 versus 511 per 100,000, a difference of 418 per 100,000. This is because the age structure

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Added on  2022-08-27

Numerical Problem Solving – scenario based calculations

All the topic measures of disease frequency is not clear to you - I think you need to review this thoroughly in order that you can pass the unit =0.00551 9006043 age-specific expected cases you must show you understand what you are doing the Table can be easily generated or copied - this is not an explanation The age- standardised rates also indicate that community B had higher incidence rate of breast cancer than community A, as shown already by comparing the crude, but the differences between the two communities considering the age -standardised seemed much lower (252 versus 56 per 100,000, difference of 152 per 100,000) than the differences between in communities in relation to the crudes incidence, which were 92.8 versus 511 per 100,000, a difference of 418 per 100,000. This is because the age structure

   Added on 2022-08-27

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Student ID
Numerical problem solving – scenario- based calculations
Due date: 28/03/2020
Length: 300 words
Mode: short answer
Reading from the text book that attached:
Chapter 1- all pages.
Chapter 2- up to page 71.
Chapter 3- all pages.
Chapter 4- page 104-133.
Numerical Problem Solving – scenario based calculations_1
Student ID
Question 1:
In 2012, a group of 4,233 men and women aged 20 years were recruited from the
general population and assessed for HIV virus. 288 participants were found to have
HIV when tested at baseline. Participants who did not test positive for HIV in 2012
were followed-up and assessed again after 4 years of follow-up (only those who
previously had tested negative for HIV were tested again at follow-up). A further 99
cases of HIV were identified during this 4 year period, either diagnosed during the
interim or diagnosed during the study assessment. (It is assumed that once participants
contract HIV they remain HIV positive without recovery
(a) What was the prevalence of HIV among study participants in 2012? [2 Marks]
Answer: Prevalence of HIV = Number of people with HIV at 2012/ Total number of
people
=288/4233
=0.068.
= 6.8%
(b) What was the prevalence of HIV among study participants after 4 years of follow-
up? Assume no loss to follow-up. [2 marks]
Answer: 1- positive prevalence of HIV that is (1-0.068) = 0.93
= 93%
(c) What was the cumulative incidence of HIV among study participants over the
study period? [4 marks]
Answer: Cumulative incidence= Number of people who develop HIV during the
study period/ Number of people risk of getting the disease at the start of the period
= 99/ 288
= 3.53
(d) Calculate the total number of person-years at risk during the 4 year period.
(Assume that HIV was acquired randomly during the 4 year period. That is, those who
acquired HIV were at risk for half the time of those who did not acquire HIV. [4
marks]
Answer: 288+0.5*99= 337.5 person-years
(e) What was the incident rate (incidence density) of HIV among participants for the 4
years. [4 marks]
Numerical Problem Solving – scenario based calculations_2
Student ID
Answer: 4 cases / 337.5 persons –year
= 0.012 cases / persons –per year.
(f) Assuming that the incidence rate of HIV remains constant, what should happen to
the prevalence of HIV in this cohort over time?[2 mark]
Answer: If incidence rate is constant then the prevalence is either increase or
decrease. It depends upon duration of disease. If the duration is fixed. Then in this
case prevalence is also fixed.
Question 2:
“Data from HealthStats NSW (2015) are provided below. Use these data to answer
the following questions”.
Number of people with type 2 diabetes 756,507
Deaths from type 2 diabetes related causes 5,025
Death from all causes in NSW 49,607
Total population of NSW 9,006,043
a) Calculate all-cause mortality rate? [2 Marks]
Answer: (49607 / 9006043)* 1000
= 5.51 per thousand
(b) Calculate diabetes-specific mortality rate [2 Marks]
Answer :(5025/ 756507)*1000
= 6.64 per thoudsand
(c) Calculate diabetes case fatality rate ? [2 Marks]
Answer: (5025/ 756507)*100
= 0.66 percent
Numerical Problem Solving – scenario based calculations_3

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