NUR121 Health, Culture and Society

Health, Culture
and
Society

NUR121 health, Culture and Society Task 3: Workbook 40%
Name the health issue: Bowel cancer
1. Why is the issue a priority for the Australian healthcare industry?
Response
Bowel cancer is develop from the inner lining of bowel and it is usually preceded by growths
which are called as polyps that may become invasive cancer if it will not detected on correct
time. It involves colon or rectal cancer which depends upon the site from where it will
generate. However, this health problem is considered as a priority for health carer industry of
Australia because many of people get suffered from it. Moreover, it has been estimated that
12.3% of new cases are diagnosed with bowel cancer in people which is really a critical
situation and it is necessary for government to take strong actions towards it (Bowel cancer
(Colorectal cancer) in Australia, 2019).
References
Bowel cancer (Colorectal cancer) in Australia. 2019. [Online]. Available through:
<https://bowel-cancer.canceraustralia.gov.au/statistics>
2. Describe the health promotion program and discuss the key features that are used to address
the health issue?
Response
National bowel cancer screening program (NBCSP) can be described as an appropriate action
that has been taken by government of Australia as they introduced the NBCSP in the year
around 2006. It involves the criteria of government authorities to provide a fecal immuno
chemical test (FIT) for hemoglobin when they turn 50, 55 and 65 years old. However, this test
provide support to detect the presence of bowel cancer or related symptoms which can be
treated at early stage in order to make an individuals well being (Bhattacharyya and et. al.,
2017). In addition to this, national bowel cancer screening program is very helpful to people as
it save many individuals to faced severe stage of bowel cancer by treating the same at initial
level along with boosting up quality of their lives. Basically, this program is responsible for
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inviting eligible people staring the age of 50 years and continuing to age of 74 years without
symptoms in order to screen for a bowel cancer with the help of utilizing free as well as a
simple test at home. Moreover, it involves the criteria of bowel cancer screening which has
been designed for evaluating for symptoms of bowel cancer in citizens who do not have any
obvious symptoms but they remain at high risk of this type of cancer because of having age
between 50 to 74 years.
Key features of NBCSP:
Firstly, a single & national register is operated by Department of Human services (DHS)
which is responsible for inciting eligible persons in order to take part and monitor their
progress with the help o screening pathway accordingly. It involves semi electronic and paper
based choices for medical professionals in respect of reporting information of results.
Meanwhile, this data consist outputs of colonoscopy, consultations and histopathology through
following a positive screening results where the detection of cancer take place but results of
treatment of cancer is not mentioned in this set of information (Ananda and et. al., 2016).
Secondly, it involves the criteria of using a pre invitation letter that has been followed by an
invitation pack including FOBT kit which will provide to eligible people directly from the
register. Thirdly, it consist the utilization of an Immunochemical fecal occult blood test
(iFOBT) in terms of carrying out screening of bowel cancer. However, an information line
that is operated through department of human services is for supporting individuals to gain
appropriate information related to procedure of testing as well as suspend or opt off the
program. Moreover, the programs of NBCSP consist participant Follow up Function, Phased
approach to implementation, evidence based screening pathway and quality assurance,
monitoring & program evaluation.
References
Ananda, S. and et. al., 2016. Survival impact of the Australian National Bowel Cancer
Screening Programme. Internal medicine journal, 46(2), pp.166-171.
Bhattacharyya, R. and et. al., 2017. Endocuff-assisted vs. standard colonoscopy in the fecal
occult blood test-based UK Bowel Cancer Screening Programme (E-cap study): a
randomized trial. Endoscopy, 49(11), pp.1043-1050.
3. How does the program demonstrate the principles of primary healthcare?
Response
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The program of National bowel cancer screening program (NBCSP) provide proper
information to people about specific principles of primary healthcare in order to make them
aware about their rights while getting related facilities. It involves number of principles such
as accessibility, community participation, health promotion, equality, appropriate use of
technology and intersect-oral collaboration. Firstly, it consist accessibility states that
professionals and related authorities should make sure about proper availability of care
services which are affordable in order to ensure betterment of health condition of overall
citizens. It will facilitate to boost up overall health of people living in particular geographical
area. Secondly, public or community participation in context of promoting wellness and
addressing health issues at the grass roots level. Thirdly, health promotion is an appropriate
approach which provide help to strengthen the socioeconomic circumstances which are
responsible for contributing to betterment of well being (Ratzliff and et. al., 2016). It involves
the criteria to making citizens aware about precautions and healthy habits in order to remain
healthy. However, another principle is appropriate use of technology which is required to be
done by medical practitioners in proper manner in terms of providing accurate care to needy
person. It consist the criteria to make an individual able for utilizing technical aids and inform
them about the same for correct utilization for attaining better outcomes.
At the other hand, the intersect-oral collaboration consist working collaboratively by health
organization with governments authorities as well as charitable trusts in this sector for putting
efforts together for conducting health promotion. It includes the criteria of preparing more
effective as well as efficient promotional strategies and events in order to increase awareness
among people for boosting up betterment of health condition respectively. However, the factor
of equality plays an important role in healthcare which is favorable to facilitate equal delivery
of care facilities in context of every patients (Pourat, Charles and Snyder, 2016). It is
necessary for people to know about their right to gaining equal opportunity while seeking for
different types of health care services accordingly. In addition to this, every citizen has a right
to gain information regarding medical procedures and other clinical practices which are
conducted for improving wellness of them. It is essential for care professionals to provide
every detail about specific clinical process and then taking permission of them in respect of
carrying out the same accordingly. Furthermore, National bowel cancer screening program
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(NBCSP) conduct promotional events and provide accurate information about these principles
of primary care.
References
Ratzliff, A. and et. al., 2016. Integrated care: Creating effective mental and primary
health care teams. John Wiley & Sons.
Pourat, N., Charles, S.A. and Snyder, S., 2016. Availability of care concordant with
patient-centered medical home principles among those with chronic
conditions. Medical care, 54(3), pp.262-268.
4. What health promotion strategies are used by the program and how are the principles of
health promotion applied in their strategies?
Response
The National bowel cancer screening program (NBCSP) prefer to focus on several policies
along with principles of health promotion for improving health status of people. Initially, it
consist Policy Framework for phase four of the program covers phased implementation of
biennial screening from 2015 to 2020 which consist a documents that provide reflection
between the Australian Government and state & territory governments of high level policy
parameters guiding applying of program in phase four. Meanwhile, it consist specific
objectives & goals of this program including key elements as well as key roles &
responsibilities along with monitoring and evaluation accordingly. In addition to this, the key
elements of this program are eligible population, screening test like immunochemical fecal
occult blood test, screening pathway & positivity rate, hot zone policy, usual care, participant
follow up function, National cancer screening register and program information (Sharma,
2016). However, NBCSP focus on another strategy of Quality Framework has been
generated as suite particular part of a suite of documents in order to support the National
Bowel Cancer Screening Program. It consist the criteria of maintaining overall quality of
procedures and practices in respect of diagnosing specific health issue and provide appropriate
treatment to them for their well being. It involves the strategy of using number of quality
enablers such as consumer engagement, policy, professional standards & guidelines, Training
& credentialing, information management and evaluation & continuous quality improvement.
Moreover, it will provide help to boost up accuracy of decision making along with increasing
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patient outcomes respectively.
At the other hand, it includes the Primary Health Care Engagement Strategy in which primary
health care providers or general practitioners (PHPs) have indicated support for playing a
central role in the program (D'Alessandro and et. al., 2017). It involves an evidence
recommended that increase involvement of primary health care providers regarding supporting
and encouraging participation in program accordingly. Meanwhile, it consist several broad
priority areas for action which are given here. Firstly, it includes partnership performance in
order to involve PHPs and practice tools as well as resources as per requirement. Secondly, it
consist professional development and information for PHPs on the program. Thirdly, it
involves the criteria of performing with PHPs in respect of promoting equitable access to
Program for under screened groups. Furthermore, it consist an efficient register and reporting
systems.
References
Sharma, M., 2016. Theoretical foundations of health education and health promotion.
Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
D'Alessandro, D. and et. al., 2017. Strategies for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion
in Urban Areas: The Erice 50 Charter. Annali di igiene: medicina preventiva e di
comunita, 29(6), pp.481-493.
5. How can the program be improved to better meet the needs of their target group? Provide
one recommendation and support it with a reference.
Response
The National Bowel Cancer Screening Program can be improved in certain manners with the
help of boosting up strategies and practices of overall program. It is necessary to focus on
quality of clinical practices and activities in order to improve better health condition of people
suffering from bowel cancer. However, it consist the criteria of increasing awareness among
people regarding this health problems and encourage them to participate in this program for
their welfare. Moreover, it has been recommended that authorities related to this program
should increase participation of more individuals of target group and determine their actual
cause and problems for making them well being (Bhattacharyya and et. al., 2017).
References
Bhattacharyya, R. and et. al., 2017. Endocuff-assisted vs. standard colonoscopy in the fecal
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