Pediatric Emergency Care Nursing
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This assignment delves into various aspects of pediatric emergency care nursing. It emphasizes patient-centered care models, effective communication techniques crucial for managing stressful situations within the emergency department. The influence of overcrowding on patient outcomes is also explored. Furthermore, it examines the role of technology like telemedicine in critical care and highlights the importance of nurses' well-being in this demanding field.
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1NURSING
Introduction
Emergency rooms are mainly referred as the first line of defence to treat a patient
from accidents, heart problems, allergic reactions and also some other kinds of urgent care.
These nurses used to work immediately according to the needs of the patient and prioritizing
on the basis of the needs of the patient. The paediatric emergency room nurse provides the
care to the newborns to 18 year old children, who need immediate care for their critical
conditions such as diabetes, haemophilia, asthma, fractures, paediatric crisis and some other
illness. This paper provides a brief discussion about the inability of nurses in providing
holistic care to paediatric patients in emergency department due to fast pace environment.
Issue faced by the nurses of emergency department
The nurses in the emergency department are to treat the patients in case the
emergency (Dean, and Oetzel, 2014). A paediatric unit in the emergency department is the
toughest environment to handle. When children are admitted to the emergency department
they are normally assisted by their parents. In case of very small children aged 1-3 years who
don’t know to express their pain and agony (Dean, and Oetzel, 2014). So while working as a
paediatric nurse in the emergency department, a nurse must be able to handle the patient and
their family very comfortably.
The issues faced by the nurse in the emergency department are that the nurses had to
work very hard. They had to mange many of the critical patients at one time (Hockenberry,
Wilson and Rodgers, 2016). Some of them are the victims of child abuse or other terrible
conditions. The stress is the most common problem of the nurses the fast pace environment of
the emergency department. Some other problems are critical patients along with their family,
lack of the practice settings, crowding and inconvenient schedules (Hockenberry, Wilson and
Rodgers, 2016).
Introduction
Emergency rooms are mainly referred as the first line of defence to treat a patient
from accidents, heart problems, allergic reactions and also some other kinds of urgent care.
These nurses used to work immediately according to the needs of the patient and prioritizing
on the basis of the needs of the patient. The paediatric emergency room nurse provides the
care to the newborns to 18 year old children, who need immediate care for their critical
conditions such as diabetes, haemophilia, asthma, fractures, paediatric crisis and some other
illness. This paper provides a brief discussion about the inability of nurses in providing
holistic care to paediatric patients in emergency department due to fast pace environment.
Issue faced by the nurses of emergency department
The nurses in the emergency department are to treat the patients in case the
emergency (Dean, and Oetzel, 2014). A paediatric unit in the emergency department is the
toughest environment to handle. When children are admitted to the emergency department
they are normally assisted by their parents. In case of very small children aged 1-3 years who
don’t know to express their pain and agony (Dean, and Oetzel, 2014). So while working as a
paediatric nurse in the emergency department, a nurse must be able to handle the patient and
their family very comfortably.
The issues faced by the nurse in the emergency department are that the nurses had to
work very hard. They had to mange many of the critical patients at one time (Hockenberry,
Wilson and Rodgers, 2016). Some of them are the victims of child abuse or other terrible
conditions. The stress is the most common problem of the nurses the fast pace environment of
the emergency department. Some other problems are critical patients along with their family,
lack of the practice settings, crowding and inconvenient schedules (Hockenberry, Wilson and
Rodgers, 2016).
2NURSING
Literature review supporting the issues
As per American foundation of paediatrics (2013), children who require Emergency
treatment must need the holistic care, especially when they are children and are vulnerable to
any type of risks. The main part of sick and vulnerable children is assessed by a group of
doctor at Emergency Department (EDs). Likewise, Emergency medical services (EMS)
provide the main part of the healing facility in providing emergency care to kids (Byczkowski
et al., 2013). It is necessary that all clinic EDs have the suitable systems, instruments
(pharmaceuticals, hardware, approaches, and training) and staff to give successful emergency
care to kids.
As indicated by Baruch et al. (2016), pain is a common issue in children those are
admitted to the emergency department with critical diseases, intense wounds, and stimulation
of serious issue. Non-pharmacological intercessions, helps to pharmacological administration
for intense pain and agony, are represented by growth of the disease (Beck et al., 2015).
Most emergency room cases are identified with injury and damage, which implies
medical nurses, must be quick on their feet and act rapidly to contain the hazardous
circumstances. Indeed, even with disease bound cases, an ER visit would mean increasing the
spread of an issue that would again require exceptional preparing to explain quick issues on
the spot (Dudley et al., 2015).
As a rule, youngsters conveyed to general ERs confront a similar surge and disorder
that underlines all ER conditions. While ER staff are all around prepared, capable and
merciful, they are confronted with gigantic strain to deal with and viably watch over all
patients who come in through their entryways. In such a situation it is troublesome for them
to give centered care to the little ones, in any event the kind they merit (James, Nelson and
Ashwill, 2014).
Literature review supporting the issues
As per American foundation of paediatrics (2013), children who require Emergency
treatment must need the holistic care, especially when they are children and are vulnerable to
any type of risks. The main part of sick and vulnerable children is assessed by a group of
doctor at Emergency Department (EDs). Likewise, Emergency medical services (EMS)
provide the main part of the healing facility in providing emergency care to kids (Byczkowski
et al., 2013). It is necessary that all clinic EDs have the suitable systems, instruments
(pharmaceuticals, hardware, approaches, and training) and staff to give successful emergency
care to kids.
As indicated by Baruch et al. (2016), pain is a common issue in children those are
admitted to the emergency department with critical diseases, intense wounds, and stimulation
of serious issue. Non-pharmacological intercessions, helps to pharmacological administration
for intense pain and agony, are represented by growth of the disease (Beck et al., 2015).
Most emergency room cases are identified with injury and damage, which implies
medical nurses, must be quick on their feet and act rapidly to contain the hazardous
circumstances. Indeed, even with disease bound cases, an ER visit would mean increasing the
spread of an issue that would again require exceptional preparing to explain quick issues on
the spot (Dudley et al., 2015).
As a rule, youngsters conveyed to general ERs confront a similar surge and disorder
that underlines all ER conditions. While ER staff are all around prepared, capable and
merciful, they are confronted with gigantic strain to deal with and viably watch over all
patients who come in through their entryways. In such a situation it is troublesome for them
to give centered care to the little ones, in any event the kind they merit (James, Nelson and
Ashwill, 2014).
3NURSING
Discussion
Holistic care is a model of caring that is believed to be the core study of the medical
science. This type of care mainly emphasizes that for the perfect treatment of a human being
a patient’s total care is needed rather than treating part by part. According to Zamanzadeh et
al. (2015), it can be stated that holistic care is mainly affected by many of the factors. Those
factors are unavailability of time, poor professionalism of nurses; lack of education, workload
pressure and many more (Zamanzadeh et al. 2015).
Factors Supporting the Future Development of Enhanced ED Nursing in Ireland
There are ways to improve the holistic care in the emergency unit. The nurse must use
a therapeutic touch and try her best o preserve the dignity of the patient. It is the duty of the
nurse to educate her patient about the importance of the patient’s self-care. The nurse must
also ask the patients the ways she can reduce the anxiety of the patient and make them
comfortable. The patients must be encouraged to deal with their sickness and help them to
overcome their physical problems with ease.
The National Council has started and formalized the procedures for creating
improved practice in crisis nursing in Ireland (James, Nelson and Ashwill, 2014). Likewise,
various different advancements have additionally occurred to help the improvement of these
parts. Supporting variables for future advancement include:
• The National Council CNS and ANP systems (NCNM 2007, 2008), which give the layouts
and depict the procedures for creating CNS and ANP posts. The role of the CNS includes the
Discussion
Holistic care is a model of caring that is believed to be the core study of the medical
science. This type of care mainly emphasizes that for the perfect treatment of a human being
a patient’s total care is needed rather than treating part by part. According to Zamanzadeh et
al. (2015), it can be stated that holistic care is mainly affected by many of the factors. Those
factors are unavailability of time, poor professionalism of nurses; lack of education, workload
pressure and many more (Zamanzadeh et al. 2015).
Factors Supporting the Future Development of Enhanced ED Nursing in Ireland
There are ways to improve the holistic care in the emergency unit. The nurse must use
a therapeutic touch and try her best o preserve the dignity of the patient. It is the duty of the
nurse to educate her patient about the importance of the patient’s self-care. The nurse must
also ask the patients the ways she can reduce the anxiety of the patient and make them
comfortable. The patients must be encouraged to deal with their sickness and help them to
overcome their physical problems with ease.
The National Council has started and formalized the procedures for creating
improved practice in crisis nursing in Ireland (James, Nelson and Ashwill, 2014). Likewise,
various different advancements have additionally occurred to help the improvement of these
parts. Supporting variables for future advancement include:
• The National Council CNS and ANP systems (NCNM 2007, 2008), which give the layouts
and depict the procedures for creating CNS and ANP posts. The role of the CNS includes the
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4NURSING
early intervention of the nursing techniques, creative and recreational activities and
promotion of the health condition which sometimes include intervention.
• Funding from the National Council that backings site and part advancement for ANP posts
and basic training programs which concentrate on aptitudes improvement and empowering
development in clinical practice (Ellenby and Marcin, 2015).
• A well ordered manual for efficiently survey benefit require and distinguish future
territories for benefit improvement has been nitty gritty by the National Council (NCNM
2005b).
The Scope of Nursing and Midwifery Practice Framework (ABA 2000), that looks
after the assurance, survey and increase in the extent of training. Extent of training can be
characterized as 'the scope of parts, capacities, duties and the expertise that are enlisted as
instructed, skilled nursing practice'. The system recognizes the advancing parts of medical
caretakers and separates between the expressions "development" and 'augmentation',
supporting the previous (McKinney et al., 2017). Besides, it features the standards and
qualities that ought to support part improvement and extension. These, thusly, illuminate the
standard of training for which medical caretakers are responsible. Holistic care is the basis of
nursing and midwifery care and this involves the physical, social and mental care of the
patients. It includes the assessment of the individual care and the strategies that is required to
promote and maintain the quality of the healthcare services.
• National and territorial demography, the study of disease transmission and geology.
• Guidance for creating singular portfolio archives to help self-improvement arranging
(NCNM 2006).
Competency Development for Enhanced Roles
early intervention of the nursing techniques, creative and recreational activities and
promotion of the health condition which sometimes include intervention.
• Funding from the National Council that backings site and part advancement for ANP posts
and basic training programs which concentrate on aptitudes improvement and empowering
development in clinical practice (Ellenby and Marcin, 2015).
• A well ordered manual for efficiently survey benefit require and distinguish future
territories for benefit improvement has been nitty gritty by the National Council (NCNM
2005b).
The Scope of Nursing and Midwifery Practice Framework (ABA 2000), that looks
after the assurance, survey and increase in the extent of training. Extent of training can be
characterized as 'the scope of parts, capacities, duties and the expertise that are enlisted as
instructed, skilled nursing practice'. The system recognizes the advancing parts of medical
caretakers and separates between the expressions "development" and 'augmentation',
supporting the previous (McKinney et al., 2017). Besides, it features the standards and
qualities that ought to support part improvement and extension. These, thusly, illuminate the
standard of training for which medical caretakers are responsible. Holistic care is the basis of
nursing and midwifery care and this involves the physical, social and mental care of the
patients. It includes the assessment of the individual care and the strategies that is required to
promote and maintain the quality of the healthcare services.
• National and territorial demography, the study of disease transmission and geology.
• Guidance for creating singular portfolio archives to help self-improvement arranging
(NCNM 2006).
Competency Development for Enhanced Roles
5NURSING
Keeping in mind the end goal to guarantee protected and powerful care ED attendants
require improvement and upkeep of particular skills. Capabilities are created in various
courses, for example, formal instruction programs, proceeding with proficient improvement,
clinical introduction, clinical supervision and experience (Carter, Pouch and Larson, 2014).
There are some of the factors that is necessary in providing the holistic care to the ED
patients. The attending nurse should respect the role of the patient in his treatment procedure.
There must be leaders in this profession in order to carry out a holistic care to the patients in
the ED. The nurses must work in a interprofessional collaborative manner which would help
to improve the health condition of the patient.
The quantity of medical caretakers who hold a particular post-enrollment capability in
crisis nursing is on the expansion. Such courses are at present conveyed at level 8 and level 9
on National Qualifications Authority of Ireland (NQAI) Framework (Nordén, Hult and
Engström, 2014). Furthermore there are various advanced and also some postgraduate
recognitions in authority nursing, for example, care for respiration and care of more seasoned
people that can help in supporting the improvement of upgraded nursing parts in the ED
(Martin and Ciurzynski, 2015).
Comparison of Clinical Decision-Making and Core Competency Levels
The levels of clinical basic leadership and capabilities required for a part is basic to
the thought of administration require.
The staff nurse, CNS and ANP have particular parts and obligations. These parts are
characterized by the extent of training, level of clinical basic leadership, instructive readiness,
duty and resulting independence connected to the parts. CNS planning must incorporate a
significant level 8 post-enrollment capability, and the ANP, pertinent level 9 capabilities. The
Keeping in mind the end goal to guarantee protected and powerful care ED attendants
require improvement and upkeep of particular skills. Capabilities are created in various
courses, for example, formal instruction programs, proceeding with proficient improvement,
clinical introduction, clinical supervision and experience (Carter, Pouch and Larson, 2014).
There are some of the factors that is necessary in providing the holistic care to the ED
patients. The attending nurse should respect the role of the patient in his treatment procedure.
There must be leaders in this profession in order to carry out a holistic care to the patients in
the ED. The nurses must work in a interprofessional collaborative manner which would help
to improve the health condition of the patient.
The quantity of medical caretakers who hold a particular post-enrollment capability in
crisis nursing is on the expansion. Such courses are at present conveyed at level 8 and level 9
on National Qualifications Authority of Ireland (NQAI) Framework (Nordén, Hult and
Engström, 2014). Furthermore there are various advanced and also some postgraduate
recognitions in authority nursing, for example, care for respiration and care of more seasoned
people that can help in supporting the improvement of upgraded nursing parts in the ED
(Martin and Ciurzynski, 2015).
Comparison of Clinical Decision-Making and Core Competency Levels
The levels of clinical basic leadership and capabilities required for a part is basic to
the thought of administration require.
The staff nurse, CNS and ANP have particular parts and obligations. These parts are
characterized by the extent of training, level of clinical basic leadership, instructive readiness,
duty and resulting independence connected to the parts. CNS planning must incorporate a
significant level 8 post-enrollment capability, and the ANP, pertinent level 9 capabilities. The
6NURSING
holistic care enables the patient in making decisions regarding their treatment. Center skills
for CNS and ANP parts are unmistakably delineated in the National Council system archives
(NCNM 2007, 2008). Holistic care is a comprehensive care model and is largely dependent
on the experiences of the nurses who have been providing holistic care to the ED patients.
The provision of the holistic care can be achieved by providing the adequate education and
management to the nurses.
The clinical career pathway empowers ED medical caretakers to keep on practicing in
their picked clinical zone while enabling them to build their levels of duty, build up extra
aptitudes and pick up mastery (Peggy Berry, 2013). This encourages larger amounts of
clinical basic leadership through suitable appraisals and intercessions for ED patients in a
convenient and powerful way.
In accordance with the Scope of Nursing and Midwifery Practice Framework (ABA
2000), medical attendants create particular capabilities, some of which are viewed as
upgraded parts, for example, venipunctures, asking for analytic tests and recommending.
Conclusion
This paper gives a report on improvements in crisis nursing and distinguishes key
parts of part advancement for enhanced nursing practice inside a crisis setting. It diagrams the
territories that require assist advancement so as to upgrade benefit. A concentrated needs
evaluation direct for chiefs is furnished with a few cases from training to layout particular
patient caseloads and represent the assortment of parts that exist.
Improved nursing parts are one of the basic significance to help the Health Service
Executive's intends to upgrade mind conveyance in the Emergency Department. It is
holistic care enables the patient in making decisions regarding their treatment. Center skills
for CNS and ANP parts are unmistakably delineated in the National Council system archives
(NCNM 2007, 2008). Holistic care is a comprehensive care model and is largely dependent
on the experiences of the nurses who have been providing holistic care to the ED patients.
The provision of the holistic care can be achieved by providing the adequate education and
management to the nurses.
The clinical career pathway empowers ED medical caretakers to keep on practicing in
their picked clinical zone while enabling them to build their levels of duty, build up extra
aptitudes and pick up mastery (Peggy Berry, 2013). This encourages larger amounts of
clinical basic leadership through suitable appraisals and intercessions for ED patients in a
convenient and powerful way.
In accordance with the Scope of Nursing and Midwifery Practice Framework (ABA
2000), medical attendants create particular capabilities, some of which are viewed as
upgraded parts, for example, venipunctures, asking for analytic tests and recommending.
Conclusion
This paper gives a report on improvements in crisis nursing and distinguishes key
parts of part advancement for enhanced nursing practice inside a crisis setting. It diagrams the
territories that require assist advancement so as to upgrade benefit. A concentrated needs
evaluation direct for chiefs is furnished with a few cases from training to layout particular
patient caseloads and represent the assortment of parts that exist.
Improved nursing parts are one of the basic significance to help the Health Service
Executive's intends to upgrade mind conveyance in the Emergency Department. It is
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7NURSING
conceived that this report will help in distinguishing the proper movement of a scope of posts
and improved parts inside EDs.
Advancement of nursing practice ought to be with regards to multi-disciplinary,
multi-talented groups. National, local and neighbourhood rules and systems ought to give the
procedure and clinical principles considered as the best practice by all individuals from the
multi-disciplinary group. The National Council invites exchanges with specialist co-ops and
medical caretaker supervisors of EDs as to enhance nursing practice. The National Council
will keep on providing classes, telephonic, web and email support, and website visits to
advance post improvement.
The paper also provides some practices of holistic care which states that adequate
education, encouragement and management systems will help the nurses to carry out a
holistic nursing care to the patients. It is also been concluded that the holistic care involves
the patients in their own treatment procedures. The above discussion also showcases the duty
of the nurses to respect a patient’s will and make them comfortable in order to carry out a
holistic care to the ED patients.
conceived that this report will help in distinguishing the proper movement of a scope of posts
and improved parts inside EDs.
Advancement of nursing practice ought to be with regards to multi-disciplinary,
multi-talented groups. National, local and neighbourhood rules and systems ought to give the
procedure and clinical principles considered as the best practice by all individuals from the
multi-disciplinary group. The National Council invites exchanges with specialist co-ops and
medical caretaker supervisors of EDs as to enhance nursing practice. The National Council
will keep on providing classes, telephonic, web and email support, and website visits to
advance post improvement.
The paper also provides some practices of holistic care which states that adequate
education, encouragement and management systems will help the nurses to carry out a
holistic nursing care to the patients. It is also been concluded that the holistic care involves
the patients in their own treatment procedures. The above discussion also showcases the duty
of the nurses to respect a patient’s will and make them comfortable in order to carry out a
holistic care to the ED patients.
8NURSING
References
Alisic, E., Conroy, R., Magyar, J., Babl, F. E., & O’Donnell, M. L. (2014). Psychosocial care
for seriously injured children and their families: A qualitative study among
Emergency Department nurses and physicians. Injury, 45(9), 1452-1458.
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, American
College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee, & Emergency Nurses
Association. (2013). Joint policy statement—guidelines for care of children in the
emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 39(2), 116-131.
Beck, M. E., Lineer, M. M., Melzer-Lange, M., Simpson, P., Nugent, M., & Rabbitt, A.
(2015). Medical providers’ understanding of sex trafficking and their experience with
at-risk patients. Pediatrics, 135(4), e895-e902.
Bogenschutz, M. P., Donovan, D. M., Mandler, R. N., Perl, H. I., Forcehimes, A. A.,
Crandall, C., ... & Lyons, M. S. (2014). Brief intervention for patients with
problematic drug use presenting in emergency departments: a randomized clinical
trial. JAMA internal medicine, 174(11), 1736-1745.
References
Alisic, E., Conroy, R., Magyar, J., Babl, F. E., & O’Donnell, M. L. (2014). Psychosocial care
for seriously injured children and their families: A qualitative study among
Emergency Department nurses and physicians. Injury, 45(9), 1452-1458.
American Academy of Pediatrics, Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, American
College of Emergency Physicians, Pediatric Committee, & Emergency Nurses
Association. (2013). Joint policy statement—guidelines for care of children in the
emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 39(2), 116-131.
Beck, M. E., Lineer, M. M., Melzer-Lange, M., Simpson, P., Nugent, M., & Rabbitt, A.
(2015). Medical providers’ understanding of sex trafficking and their experience with
at-risk patients. Pediatrics, 135(4), e895-e902.
Bogenschutz, M. P., Donovan, D. M., Mandler, R. N., Perl, H. I., Forcehimes, A. A.,
Crandall, C., ... & Lyons, M. S. (2014). Brief intervention for patients with
problematic drug use presenting in emergency departments: a randomized clinical
trial. JAMA internal medicine, 174(11), 1736-1745.
9NURSING
Byczkowski, T. L., Fitzgerald, M., Kennebeck, S., Vaughn, L., Myers, K., Kachelmeyer, A.,
& Timm, N. (2013). A comprehensive view of parental satisfaction with pediatric
emergency department visits. Annals of emergency medicine, 62(4), 340-350.
Carter, E. J., Pouch, S. M., & Larson, E. L. (2014). The relationship between emergency
department crowding and patient outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of Nursing
Scholarship, 46(2), 106-115.
Dean, M., & Oetzel, J. G. (2014). Physicians’ perspectives of managing tensions around
dimensions of effective communication in the emergency department. Health
communication, 29(3), 257-266.
Dudley, N., Ackerman, A., Brown, K. M., Snow, S. K., American Academy of Pediatrics
Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, & Emergency Nurses Association
Pediatric Committee. (2015). Patient-and family-centered care of children in the
emergency department. Pediatrics, 135(1), e255-e272.
Ellenby, M. S., & Marcin, J. P. (2015). The role of telemedicine in pediatric critical care.
Critical care clinics, 31(2), 275-290.
Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2016). Wong's Essentials of Pediatric
Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
James, S. R., Nelson, K., & Ashwill, J. (2014). Nursing Care of Children-E-Book: Principles
and Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Martin, H. A., & Ciurzynski, S. M. (2015). Situation, background, assessment, and
recommendation–Guided huddles improve communication and teamwork in the
emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 41(6), 484-488.
Byczkowski, T. L., Fitzgerald, M., Kennebeck, S., Vaughn, L., Myers, K., Kachelmeyer, A.,
& Timm, N. (2013). A comprehensive view of parental satisfaction with pediatric
emergency department visits. Annals of emergency medicine, 62(4), 340-350.
Carter, E. J., Pouch, S. M., & Larson, E. L. (2014). The relationship between emergency
department crowding and patient outcomes: a systematic review. Journal of Nursing
Scholarship, 46(2), 106-115.
Dean, M., & Oetzel, J. G. (2014). Physicians’ perspectives of managing tensions around
dimensions of effective communication in the emergency department. Health
communication, 29(3), 257-266.
Dudley, N., Ackerman, A., Brown, K. M., Snow, S. K., American Academy of Pediatrics
Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine, & Emergency Nurses Association
Pediatric Committee. (2015). Patient-and family-centered care of children in the
emergency department. Pediatrics, 135(1), e255-e272.
Ellenby, M. S., & Marcin, J. P. (2015). The role of telemedicine in pediatric critical care.
Critical care clinics, 31(2), 275-290.
Hockenberry, M. J., Wilson, D., & Rodgers, C. C. (2016). Wong's Essentials of Pediatric
Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
James, S. R., Nelson, K., & Ashwill, J. (2014). Nursing Care of Children-E-Book: Principles
and Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Martin, H. A., & Ciurzynski, S. M. (2015). Situation, background, assessment, and
recommendation–Guided huddles improve communication and teamwork in the
emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 41(6), 484-488.
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10NURSING
McKinney, E. S., James, S. R., Murray, S. S., Nelson, K., & Ashwill, J. (2017). Maternal-
Child Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Nordén, C., Hult, K., & Engström, Å. (2014). Ambulance nurses’ experiences of nursing
critically ill and injured children: A difficult aspect of ambulance nursing care.
International emergency nursing, 22(2), 75-80.
Peggy Berry MSN, R. N. (2013). Stressful incidents of physical violence against emergency
nurses. Online journal of issues in nursing, 18(1), 76.
Zamanzadeh, V., Jasemi, M., Valizadeh, L., Keogh, B., & Taleghani, F. (2015). Effective
factors in providing holistic care: A qualitative study. Indian journal of palliative
care, 21(2), 214.
McKinney, E. S., James, S. R., Murray, S. S., Nelson, K., & Ashwill, J. (2017). Maternal-
Child Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Nordén, C., Hult, K., & Engström, Å. (2014). Ambulance nurses’ experiences of nursing
critically ill and injured children: A difficult aspect of ambulance nursing care.
International emergency nursing, 22(2), 75-80.
Peggy Berry MSN, R. N. (2013). Stressful incidents of physical violence against emergency
nurses. Online journal of issues in nursing, 18(1), 76.
Zamanzadeh, V., Jasemi, M., Valizadeh, L., Keogh, B., & Taleghani, F. (2015). Effective
factors in providing holistic care: A qualitative study. Indian journal of palliative
care, 21(2), 214.
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