Research in Nursing

Running head: Nursing 1
Research in Nursing
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Nursing 2
Introduction
The problem of the study is the Failure of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIC), the
intervention is the addition of skin glue to standard peripheral intravenous catheter, and the
comparator is to use of skin glue or not. The primary finding was the peripheral intravenous
catheter failed after 48 hours, irrespective of the cause. The secondary results were the failure
of the specific methods of insertion constituted the secondary results (Bugden et al., 2016).
Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) is an example of a critical research tool that is
used to evaluate quantitative studies (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme, 2018). The
journal of the Annals of Emergency Medicine is perceived highly because it has monthly
ISSN of 0196-0644 and E-ISSN of 1097-6760 (Clarivate Analytics, n.d.). The journal was
published in Australia. The Impact Factor will significantly influence my decision to use the
journal because it shows that it has a high number of citations to articles published most
recently (Lozano, Larivière, & Gingras, 2012). Moreover, the authors are experts in the field
because all of them have attained masters level and above, and have experience because they
are attached to reputed hospitals. This implies the findings of the research are credible and
can be relied upon for decision making.
Title and Abstract
A good journal article title should have the problem of investigation, the target population,
and the method of study (Orcher, 2016). The research title is consistent with the text because
it seeks to address the study objective which is to examine if the failure rate of PIC could be
minimized by the application of skin glue to it. The significant features of an abstract include
the study objective, methods, results and conclusion, all of which are reflected in this
research study (Dewan & Gupta, 2016). The literature has also been cited in the background
and it’s current because the references are not older than five years.

Nursing 3
Research Design
The research utilized nonblinded, randomized control trial quantitative type of study design
which belongs to the level I evidence (Balshem et al., 2011). The study does not expressly
state the research questions, however, they can be implied from the objective. The research
question is “does the application of skin glue to the site of insertion of the PIC in the
emergency department minimize the failure of the device at 48 hours?”
The research was significant because the most commonly used medical invasive device in
hospitals is the PIC. Approximately 80% of the all the admitted patients undergo the medical
insertion during their stay in the emergency department (Limm, Fang, Dendle, Stuart, &
Warburton, 2013; Zingg,& Pittet, 2009). It has also been reported that 33% out of 69%
inserted devices fail prematurely due to infection, dislodgement, occlusion or phlebitis
(Marsh, Webster, Mihala, & Rickard, 2017). The most common cause of the device failure is
the inadequate fixation of the PIC to the skin of the patient, leading to dis-attachement in
addition to micromotion, which also results to bacterial infection (Marsh et al., 2017). This
implies that the borderless polyurethane transparent dressings among other materials used for
fixation are not effective, hence the need for this research which seeks to ascertain whether
skin glue can decrease the premature failure of the inserted PIC.
The study has hypothesized that the addition of skin glue to the site of insertion of the PIC in
the ED will minimize the rate of failure at 48 hours. This is a scientific hypothesis
(Javanmard & Montanari, 2014). The participants were divided into two groups: the standard
group (with standard PIC attachment) and skin glue group (with standard with standard PIC
attachment in addition to the skin glue at the point of insertion). Cloth-bordered transparent
polyurethane dressing and tape was applied to the individuals in the standard group, whereas
those in the skin glue group was administered with a single drop of cyanoacrylate glue at the
insertion site and one additional drop below the pic hub.

Nursing 4
The Sample
The population of interest comprised of patients who required hospital admission had to be 8
years and above, had a patent upper limb PIC implanted via the contact skin by a healthcare
provider. The research took place at Caboolture Hospital which is a community hospital
located in North of Brisbane. The hospital has 52,000 emergency cases each year. All eligible
patients were screened by one of the three trained emergency research nurses. The screening
was done after ascertaining that a patient needed hospital admission so as to differentiate
from those being discharged from the emergency department. The selected patients had to be
aged 18 years and above had to have a peripheral intravenous catheter inserted at a patent
upper limb via an intact skin by an emergency department practitioner. The researchers
obtained ethical approval from the human research ethics committee of the hospital.
Data Collection
The study gathered data on patient and PIVC characteristics using patient questionnaire and
through observation. These included the age, mean, PIVC failure, infection, phlebitis,
dislodgement and occlusion. The primary outcome was measured by the failure of the PIC at
48 hours, defined as an amalgamation of one or more of phlebitis, infection, dislodgement
and occlusion. The research nurses individually examined the outcomes (as long as the
patient was still admitted) or by telephone once cleared at 48 hours. Device failure was
recorded if the PIC was replaced during the initial 48 hours. Secondary outcomes were
measured using the failure of each of the modes of the PIC. Data was collected using time in
which any changes in the peripheral intravenous catheter at 48 hours was a failure. Quality
tools such as PIC devices were used as the unit of measurement and analysis. The devices are
standardised and thus the quality of the tool was guaranteed.
Data was collected by research nurses who randomized the patients into two groups namely
the typical care group and the skin glue group. PIC safety using cloth-bordered cloth