Nursing: Clinical Features and Principles of Surgical Nursing

Running Head: NURSING
NURSING
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NURSING 2
Question one
a) Acute kidney injury occurs when there is a sudden damage to the kidney. It is also called
acute kidney failure. AKI is reversible if it is discovered and treated at its onset. The two
clinical features of AKI include fatigue and shortness of breath
b) Acute gastrointestinal disorders include conditions such as constipation, anal fissures,
anal fistulas, colon polyps and colitis among others. Clinical features of acute
gastrointestinal disorders include; pain in the belly and constipation.
c) Ischemic stroke occurs when the body is not supplying blood to the brain. Ischemic
stroke develops when the arteries around the brain block hence failing to supply blood.
Ischemic stroke is caused by atherosclerosis. The clinical features include sudden trouble
in walking and trouble in speaking (Bullock & Manias, 2011).
d) Complex regional pain syndrome is a condition that affects one limb after injury. The
clinical features for Complex regional pain syndrome include motor and trophic
abnormalities.
e) Asthma refers to a condition in which the airways in an individual swell and produce
mucus. The clinical features evident in Asthma include shortness of breath and chest pain
(Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, & Bucher, 2014).
f) This is a situation that occurs when a person becomes unable to stimuli and appears to be
unconscious for some time. The clinical features of acute unconscious state include drug
overdose and adverse loss of blood.
g) Angina Pectoris is the discomfort that is caused by the coronary heart disease. The
clinical features of Angina Pectoris include sweating and dizziness.

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h) Cellulitis is a serious skin infection whereby the affected skin appears swollen and
painful to touch. The clinical features include tight swollen skin and fever.
i) Dehydration refers to a condition that happens when body fluids exceed the amount that
is taken in the body. The clinical features here include thirst and headache
j) Hemorrhagic Shock is a type of shock that leads to insufficient delivery of oxygen at the
cellular level. Clinical features here include chest pain and anxiety (Tollefson, Bishop,
Jelly, Watson, & Tambree, 2012).
k) Concussion is a type of brain injury that occurs after an impact to the head. The clinical
features for v include vomiting and a feeling of pressure in the head.
l) Myocardial infarction is a condition that occurs when there is a decrease in blood flow or
when the blood stops in a part of the heart therefore causing damage to the heart. Clinical
features of Myocardial infarction include cough and Nausea.
m) Nephrolithiasis is a calculi in the kidneys. The clinical feature here include adverse pain
in the back and Dizziness (Crisp & Taylor, 2012)
n) Bacterial Sepsis is a condition that occurs when the response of a body to an infection
leads to an injury of the body tissues and organs. The clinical features of this sickness
include fever and increased rate of breathing.
Question 2
Principles of surgical nursing
1. Assessment, planning and evaluation of nursing framework
2. Managing nutrition
3. Managing pain

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4. Managing infection control
5. Managing wound
6. Managing stress and anxiety (Estes, Calleja, Theobald, & Harvey, 2015)
7. Managing altered body change
8. Managing fluid balance
B)
k) Prostatectomy is the surgical procedure performed for the partial or total removal
of the prodtrate.it is done to treat prostrate cancer.it involves removal of the prostate
glands.
l) Cataract extraction refers to the surgical procedure that is done to remove lens in the
eye that has become blurred or cloudy over time hence affecting the ability of a person to
see. The latter is replaced with other clear lens called intraocular lens (Brotto &
Rafferty, 2016).
m) Internal bleeding due to trauma is a condition that may happen after a significant
physical injury. There exist two types of trauma; blunt trauma and penetrating trauma.
Both of these kinds of trauma can lead to internal bleeding.
Question 3
Holistic nursing care is a nursing care that focuses on the promotion of wellness
though the removal of physical suffering and healing of the complete person. Holistic
care is much more concerned with wellness more than illness.it is significant since it
considers body, spirit, mind, the environment and the community as a whole (Clarke,
Gray, White, Duncan, & Baulme, 2016).