Nursing and Case Study | Assignment

Running Head: Nursing
Nursing and Case Study
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note

1Nusing and Case Study
Explanation of patient’s health condition
In this case study, the patient is a six years old boy who has cystic fibrosis
and recurrent chest infection and was newly diagnosed with diabetes. Adam, the
patient was having shortness of breath due to cystic fibrosis in lungs. The patient
refuses the treatment related treatments and physio-routine. The patient was
diagnosed with fibrosis related diabetes while he was admitted to the hospital. Adam
admitted to hospital for three times in nine months.
Cystic fibrosis is an inherited disease which affects lungs and the digestive
system of a person (Cutting, Engelhardt, & Zeitlin, 2019). This disease affects the
cells which produce mucus and sweat. Due to the disorder, the pancreatic cells are
damaged. The body produces thick and sticky mucus which clogs the lungs and
trachea of respiratory system. This disorder is occurred while both the parents are
carrier of defective genes. Due to the accumulation of mucus in the lumen of
trachea, the smooth muscles or trachealis muscle gets thickened. The tracheal
lumen is thickened and produces sticky mucus. Clogged mucus can lead to the
bacterial infection and severe problems of breathing. Mutations of genes are
occurred in CFTR(Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator) (Furgeri, Marson,
Correia, Ribeiro, & Bertuzzo, 2018). The mutation in CETR disrupts the
transportation of chloride ions into and out of the cells. This disruption occurs die to
damage of the chloride channels. After the disruptions of chloride channels, the cells
which are lined in passage ways of lungs and digestive systems. Therefore, the cells
produce sticky and thick mucus which is the prominent symptoms of cystic fibrosis
(Bergeron & Cantin, 2019). The inheritance of the gene is followed by autosomal
recessive patterns. This pattern means both copies of the gene will be mutated. The
parents (carrier) carry one copy of the mutated gene with an autosomal recessive
condition. Therefore they typically do not express any signs and symptoms of the
disorders. The symptoms of this disorder are salty-tasting skin, persistentcough, and
respiratory problems such as shortness of breath, wheezing,hypoxia. This mucus
causes the development of bacterial microenvironments identified as biofilms that
are difficult to be destroyed by immune cells and antibiotics (Ciofu, & Tolker-Nielsen,
2019). As immune cells and antibiotics cannot penetrate thebacterial colonization
caused by the disorder. The patient of this disorder suffered from poor weight gain
and the appetite is excessive. Small nasal polyps or fleshy growths are found in the
nose as a symptom. Obstructions of lungs are increased the risks of infections
such as pneumonia and bronchitis as this would create the conditions of the
growths of pathogens.
The infections occur in lungs and the tracheal tube has been narrowed
(Turcios, 2020). Therefore, Adam had respiratory distress and shortness of breath as
a result of cystic fibrosis. As the pancreas is affected by thick and slippery mucus,
digestive enzymes cannot be produced. Pancreas becomes dysfunctional for
occurrence of cystic fibrosis. Insulin production is disrupted by cystic fibrosis as the
pancreas is damaged by the covering of mucus (Malhotra, Wozniak, & Hayes, 2018).