Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNEMENT
Nursing Assignment
Name of the student:
Name of the university:
Author note:

1Nursing Assignment
Introduction:
Diabetes is referred to as the increase level of glucose in the blood (Liamis et al.,
2014). In this report, this report focuses on the case study of a 58 year old woman, Sharon
who has be suffering from diabetes. Due to high blood glucose level there is high risk of
kidney failure which is discussed in the report. In addition, BGL is compared with the normal
BGL. New medication which could be potentially invented to treat diabetes. In addition, how
the registered standard of nursing practice is used in ten evaluation of patient care is also
mentioned.
Relation between diabetes and chronic kidney disease:
She was diagnosed with T2 diabetes mellitus. Her body glucose level is 8- 11 mmol/l
and 7-8 mmol/l throughout the day and in the morning respectively, which is more than that
of the normal blood glucose level (5.56 -6.69 mmol/l) (DiPiro et al., 2014). From the test her
eGFr is evaluated which is 85ml/minute, which states that she has been suffering from kidney
damage associated with mild reduction in GFR. Reduced GFR rate mans that the kidney is
not able to filtrate the waste of the body. Kidney helps in filtering waste and excess water
from the body through urine. It also helps in managing the blood pressure to the normal level
(120/80). In case of patient suffering from diabetes, due to the presence of high blood glucose
in the body, the blood vessel of the kidney is damaged (DiPiro et al., 2014). High blood
pressure and overweight also damages the blood vessel. When the blood vessel of the kidney
is damaged, it did not work properly (Thomas, Cooper and Zimmet 2016). In the case of
Sharon, her body glucose level, her blood pressure (140/95) and obesity (weight 120 kg) are
identified as the risk factor of chronic kidney disease.

2Nursing Assignment
Mode of action of metformin:
In order to minimise the negative impact of the diabetes, metformin Sandoz 1000mg
was prescribed to Sharon, twice a day. Metformin is a drug commonly used for diabetic
patient. It helps in decreasing the blood glucose level of the body realised from the liver.
Insulin is one of the major hormone responsible for managing the blood glucose level of the
body (Pernicova and Korbonits 2014). In case of patient suffering from type 2 diabetes,
sensitivity of insulin such as the insulin exerts no adequate effect on cells and tissues, is
decreased which results in the increase in the BGL. Administration of metformin reduces the
hepatic production of glucose in the body and as well as also decreases the absorption of
glucose in intestine by maximizing both per the peripheral glucose acceptance and utilization.
Unlike other medication it does not lead to hyperinsulinemia (Pernicova and Korbonits
2014). Hence in case of Sharon, metformin 1000mg helps in decreasing the blood glucose
level.
Comparison of body glucose level:
Body glucose level is referred to as the amount of glucose present in the blood.
Alteration of blood glucose level can cause chronic illness. Increase in the blood glucose
level can diabetes. Sharon’ blood glucose level is 8-11mmol/l through the whole day and
about 7-8 mmol/l in the morning is recorded. Normal fasting blood glucose level of a healthy
patient is below 5.6 mmol/l and if the fasting Body glucose level is increased to 7, the patient
is said to be suffering from diabetes (Kalsbeek, la Fleur and Fliers 2014). The fasting blood
glucose level of the Sharon is 8- 11 mmol/l which is much higher than that of the normal
level. The normal blood glucose level of a healthy individual is 5.56 – 7.71 mmol/l, but the
BGl level of the Sharon is 8- 11mmol/l throughout the day, which states that the patient is
suffering from diabetes.