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the intrauterine life and in the early childhood years. However, there are evidences that the
process of neurogenesis continues since the adulthood to the late adulthood, though the process
gets limited to certain regions of the brain like the hippocampus, the olfactory bulb and the
periventricular region. In case of schizophrenia the abnormal brain development takes place from
childhood years and continues to adulthood to the left life. The bran regions, whose abnormality
is presence in certain changes of the brain. The neurodevelopmental hypothesis is falling short to
explain the brain changes in Australia (Tripathi, Kar & Shukla, 2018). The brain changes that
occur in the schizophrenia might be due to the cumulative effect of the neurodevelopmental
abnormality. Neurotrophic factors derived from the brain (BDNF) is linked with the
hippocampal plasticity that is responsible for the cognitive deficits. Tripathi, Kar and Shukla,
(2018) have suggested on the gene environmental interactions that impact upon the
development of the brain. Morris et al., (2016) have suggested that the neuronal protein M6a
plays some roles in facilitating the neurite outgrowth, synaptogenesis and neuroplasticity.
Synaptic plasticity in schizophrenia has been linked with the disconnectivity in the neuronal
network of the brain. Impairment of learning and impairment of the impairment processing has
been found due to disconnectvity due to the synaptic plasticity. neuromodulatory
neurotransmitters such as serotonin. Dopamine and acetyl choline plays an important role in the
formation of abnormal synaptic plasticity. Deficits in the working memory has been found to be
linked with the dysfunction of certain areas of brain like the dorsal prefrontal cortex, the medial
prefrontal cortex and the visual cortex areas.
In relation to the argument, as whether people with schizophrenia have cognitive
disorder. In a cross sectional study by Morris et al., (2016) have stated that severely impaired
performance has been observed in various cognitive tests. Patient with schizophrenia has been

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