Nursing Assignment: Theoretical and Legislative Perspective of Positive Approach to Elderly Care

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Nursing assignment
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Table of Content
Introduction:....................................................................................................................................2
Case study analysis:.........................................................................................................................2
Theories of Aging:...........................................................................................................................3
Person Centered Nursing Care:.......................................................................................................5
World Health Organization Strategies:............................................................................................6
Legal Approaches:...........................................................................................................................8
Training Program.......................................................................................................................10
Part 2: Care Plan............................................................................................................................11
Care plan for the disturbed thought process..............................................................................12
Care plan for chronic confusion................................................................................................13
Care plan for self –care deficits.................................................................................................13
Care plan for sleep disturbance..................................................................................................14
Care plan for Wandering...........................................................................................................14
Conclusion:....................................................................................................................................14
Reference List................................................................................................................................16

2NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Introduction:
One of the most crucial issues faced by the world today is the rapidly ageing population.
The major victim countries of the mentioned issue are chiefly the developed and the developing
countries. The aging population is imposing a negative impact on the financial development of
the country. Singapore, being a developed country, is well-known for its commendable health
care system that delivers high-quality care at an affordable cost. The country has ranked 6th by
the World Health Organization (WHO) leaving other developed countries like the United
Kingdom and the United States at eightieth and thirty-seventh respectively (Ballard et al., 2015).
However, like the majority of the developed country, Singapore is currently suffering from an
aging population. In this essay, the global theoretical, as well as the legislative perspective of a
positive approach to nursing care that supports older people, will be discussed. Along with that,
this essay will also examine how Singapore has adopted the global strategies in order to promote
excellence in older care. Apart from this, a case study based on an elderly patient with dementia
will be stated in this essay (Stokes, 2017). Based on the case study a care plan for the patient will
be developed in order to ensure a healthy recovery of the elderly healthcare service users.
Case study analysis:
In this paragraph, a case study based on an elderly healthcare user who is suffering from
dementia has been discussed. Mr. Patrick, aged 64 was detected with vascular dementia and was
admitted to the geriatric ward of X healthcare home in the year 2018. He was suffering from
Alzheimer from the year 2017. However, considering the fact that he lives all by himself and
there is no one to take care of him, he was not admitted to the healthcare home initially. Apart

3NURSING ASSIGNMENT
from that he was also found to be suffering from osteoarthritis. However, his condition
worsening as he was even unable to recognize his own house and neighbors. At that point in
time, he had been admitted to the mentioned healthcare home by his neighbor. Mr. Patrick was
demonstrating memory issues like forgetfulness and wandering. He was also suffering from the
sleeping disorder. Apart from the mentioned memory related issues, the healthcare user was also
found to be suffering from the disturbed thought process, chronic confusion, self-care deficits,
disturbed sleep pattern and wandering. However no aggressive behavior was evidenced during
his stay in the health care home.
Theories of Aging:
In this theory the crucial theories of aging and their relation with dementia has been
discussed. A good number of theories have been proposed in order to explain the process of
aging. According to the traditional theories of aging, again is not an adaptation or genetically
programmed phenomenon (Ray & Mittelman, 2017). However, according to the modern
biological theories of aging, aging in human falls under two chief categories that is programmed
theory and damage and error theory (Ryan et al., 2012). According to the programme theory,
aging in human follows a biological timetable that indicates and regulates childhood growth and
development (Hennings, Froggatt & Payne, 2013). As per this theory, disease like osteoarthritis
is a result of lack of repairing capability of an individual due to aging. This theory states that
changes associated with aging in individual results from changes in gene expression that in turn
affects the system responsible for maintaining, repairing and defending purposes. However,
according to the concept of damage and error theory, gaining in an organism is highly depended

4NURSING ASSIGNMENT
on the environmental assaults that induce cumulative damage at various levels (Kelly & Innes,
2013).
The programmed theory of aging can be can be segregated into three sub-categories
namely, the programmed longevity theory, the endocrine theory and the Immunological theory.
According to the immunological theory, the immune system of an organism is programmed to
decline with the advancement of time. Declining immune system results in the enhancement of
vulnerability to infectious diseases which in turn results in gradual aging and death (Ahn &
Horgas, 2013). The fact that the effectiveness of the immune system is the most during puberty
and decline with the advancement of age is well documented. For instance, when an individual
grows old, eventually his or her antibodies lose effectiveness and as a result that the probability
of the individual to get affected by diseases increases. Along with the deterioration of antibodies,
the effectiveness of cells and neurons also gets reduced. This reduction in the effectiveness of the
neurons also imposes an adverse effect on her psychology (Mol, Moser & Pols, 2015). Thus it
can be clearly understood that the immunological theory of aging clearly describes the cause of
dementia in older individuals. Considering the fact that dementia involves damage of neurons
caused due to cellular stress, the occurrence of the mentioned disease is found to be much higher
in the elder individual compared to the younger generation. According to researchers, accelerated
brain aging begins after the age of 50 years (Lithgow, Jackson & Browne, 2012). The
pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease known as Senile plague starts appearing between
the age of 50 or 60 years in 25 percent of the individuals (Van-der Steen et al., 2014). Unlike
other immune system related diseases like pneumonia, Nephritis, Sepsis and influenza, elderly
mid-stage of dementia is not fatal or elderly service users. However, dementia can turn into a
fatal disease if not treated for a longer period.

5NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Several positive approaches in order to enhance the immune system of an elderly
individual by slowing down the process of aging have been made by researchers. A huge number
of intense scientific researchers have been conducted to develop a system that will slow down
the aging process of the organism. Currently, the most mention-worthy result of the research is
the creation of the immune system cells using methods of genetic engineering (Richardson et al.,
2013). This system can be applied to prevent the occurring of dementia among aged and elderly
individuals. In cases, where the occurrence of disease has already taken place, several medical
interventions have been developed in order to alter neuronal energy metabolism and for
promoting synaptic densities.
Person Centered Nursing Care:
In order to provide a high-quality treatment to the healthcare service users and enhance
the quality of intervention, several nursing theories have been developed. The person-centered
nursing model is one of the most effective models based on the theories of nursing (Joller et al.,
2013). The mentioned model is considered to be a highly effective model that is implemented by
several healthcare home in order to treat dementia and other geneatric issues like osteoarthritis.
The philosophy of the person-centered care is to provide care to the healthcare service user
keeping in mind his or her specific requirements. The personal care approach involves knowing
the healthcare user personally and thus creating an interpersonal relationship with the same
(Poblador-Plou et al., 2014). Considering the fact that dementia is one of the psychological
diseases that need personal attention of the healthcare service provider, it has been seen that the
recovery of patients undergoing person-centered intervention is much rapid than those who are
getting treated by the traditional medical models. Moreover, osteoarthritis, since it hampers the