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(Doc) Nursing Assignment - Essay

   

Added on  2021-04-17

10 Pages3048 Words32 Views
Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENTNursing assignmentName of the student:Name of the University:Author’s note

1NURSING ASSIGNMENTThe essay paper focuses on analyzing the etiology and pathophysiology behind thepresenting condition of Kathleen Johnson, a 45 years old patient who was recently admitted tothe hospital for sleeve gastrectomy surgery to help her lose weight. Bases on the evaluation ofKathleen’s observation 2 hours after the surgery in the post-anaesthetic recovery room (PARU),the paper outline and justifies key nursing management priorities for the patient at this time. Italso suggest the role of other three members of the interdisciplinary health care team in the careand management of patient before discharge. The Aetiology and pathophysiology of the patient’s presenting condition isunderstood from this section.Considering Kathleen’s presenting condition, the main health issuefor patient is obesity. She has a BMI of 40kg/m2, which means that she is very overweight. ABMI higher than 30.0 comes under the obese category. Obesity is a condition that leads toexcessive accumulation of body fat resulting in adverse effects on health. It increases the risk ofmany other disease like type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There are many factors thatmake people prone to obesity. Firstly, many people are more likely to become obese because ofgenetic susceptibility to obesity. Evidence has revealed that presence of obesity susceptiblegenes increases risk of developing obesity. Other common cause of obesity includes intake ofhigh calorie food and lack of physical activity in affected individuals (Srivastava, Srivastava &Mittal, 2016). Hence, it can be said that genetics factors, appetite behavioral factors and theinteraction of these element with the environment leads to obesity. These endogenous andexogenous factors play a major role in the management and treatment of obesity too. In case of Kathleen, exaggeration of normal adiposity was found which affected herappearance and also affected her ability to manage Type 2 diabetes. The main cellular basis forobesity is the adipocyte tissue, whose number or size increases in a person, who are obese.

2NURSING ASSIGNMENTAdipose tissue consists of many types of cells like endothelial cells, fibroblast, mast cells andimmune cells. Lee, Wu and Fried (2010) argued that turnover of these cells in adipose tissue isthe main pathophysiology behind obesity. Although the normal expansion of adipocyte has nonegative impact on a person, however due to over-nutrition, excessive adipocyte hyperplasia takeplace leading to metabolic stress and impact on physiological functions of other organs of thebody. If obesity is left untreated, it may lead to dysfunction of other organs in the body such asliver, endocrine, reproductive and pulmonary functions. For this reason, people with obesity aremost likely to be diagnosed with type-2 diabetes and they suffer from impaired glucose tolerance(Fernández-Sánchez et al., 2011). The same issue was found in Kathleen’s case too. Obesity affected her ability to cope with uncontrolled diabetes and manage herappearance. Due to issues related to weight gain and appearance, Kathleen had to undergo sleevegastrectomy surgery. There are many surgical options available for obese patient and the maineffect of all such surgeries is that it leads to sustainable weight loss and health improvements too.Sleeve gastrectomy surgery promotes weight loss in students by removing parts of the stomachand changing hormonal signals in the brain. Evidence has shown that Sleeve gastrectomy surgeryleads to significant improvement in high blood pressure and sleep apnea and increase patient’sability to engage in physical activity too (Tritsch, et al., 2015). Surgical management produceshealth improvement in patient and reduces mortality in patients like Kathleen who suffer fromsevere obesity (Bray et al., 2016). The pathophysiology of the patient’s post-operative deterioration is presented in thissection. After the sleeve gastrectomy surgery, Kathleen was admitted to the PARU. Kathleen’sobservation in PARU showed respiratory rate of 28 breaths per minute and pulse rate of 130beats per minute. The normal respiratory rate of a healthy person is 12-20 breaths and

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