Blood Transfusion Guidelines for Patients

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Added on  2020/02/24

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The assignment focuses on explaining the criteria for blood transfusion in patients. It emphasizes that while minor bleeding may not require transfusion, significant blood loss exceeding 40% of the estimated blood volume necessitates immediate transfusion. The document provides a clear understanding of when medical intervention through blood transfusion is crucial.
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Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Nursing Assignment
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note
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NURSING ASSIGNMENT
The separations of the premature form of the placenta always begin with the pain of the
sharp fundal that are followed by the bleeding from the vagina. The placenta previa generally
produces bleeding that is painless. The contractions of the preterm labor are more commonly
described to be cramping. The possible form of the most fatal form of the death are the not
presented with the sharp form of the fundal pain as they are generally does not cause pain. The
primary form of the therapy goals for any of the patients who are suffering from the preeclamtic
is only to prevent them from the seizures during conception. The uses of the magnesium sulphate
are only done as it is the therapy of drug that is chosen for the severe form of the preeclampsia
and they are used for managing the attempt to prevent any progression to the eclampsia. The
magnesium sulfate therapy does not have the primary care goal to decrease the blood pressure
that can be due to the decrease in the protein content in the urine that is the reversal of the
edema.
The Nursing care plan for the patient
The complications in the prenatal stages are mostly associated with the multiple
pregnancies that mostly include the preterm form of the birth, the maternal form of the
hypertension and the abnormalities in the congenital areas of the mother. The fetal form of the
nonimmune form of the hydrops occurs only when there is a infection of the clients who are
pregnant with the parvovirus (Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion, 2014). The births of the posterm
are generally due to the maternal hypotension, and fetal nonimmune hydrops are not seen as
complications of multiple pregnancies. The nurses should always instruct the patient to eat small
but frequent number of meals all throughout the day to reduce the incidence of nausea and
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NURSING ASSIGNMENT
vomiting. The nurse should also instruct the patient to avoid lying down or to recline at least for
2 hours after eating so as to rise the level of the intake of the beverages that are carbonated. The
nurse should also instruct the patient that to have food that can be able to settle in the stomach
such as the dry crackers toast, or soda (Lowdermilk, Perry & Cashion, 2014). Slight vaginal
bleeding early in pregnancy, no cervical dilation, and a closed cervical are associated with a
threatened abortion.
Strong abdominal cramping is associated with an inevitable abortion. With an inevitable
abortion, passage of the products of conception may occur. No fetal tissue is passed with a
threatened abortion. The classic manifestations of abruption placenta are painful dark red vaginal
bleeding, "knife-like" abdominal pain, uterine tenderness, contractions, and decreased fetal
movement (Cole et al., 2015). Painless bright red vaginal bleeding is the clinical manifestation of
placenta previa. Generalized vasospasm is the clinical manifestation of preeclampsia and not of
abruptio placenta. The client has advanced maternal age (pregnancy in a woman 35 years or
older) increases her risk for pregnancy loss. Hypertension, preterm labor, and prematurity are
risks as this pregnancy continues. Her greatest risk at 13 weeks' gestation is losing this
pregnancy. A nurse should closely monitor the client's vital signs and bleeding (peritoneal or
vaginal) to identify hypovolemic shock that may occur with tubal rupture. Beta-hCG level is
monitored to diagnose an ectopic pregnancy or impending abortion. Monitoring the mass with
transvaginal ultrasound and determining the size of the mass are done for diagnosing an ectopic
pregnancy. Monitoring of the FHR does not help to identify hypovolemic shock.
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NURSING ASSIGNMENT
The nursing strategies that are applied
There are always the threat of massive hemorrhage and the pattern of the delivery in the
women who is going through the placenta previa. The document has the adequate form of the
preparation that has the higher level of the care with including the transfers. Homeostatis may
occur due to several reasons (McCafferty, 2014). It may be established due to the oversewing of
the implantation site of the placenta, bilateral uterine artery ligation and internal iliac artery
ligation.
The diffuse form of the bleeding often occurs at the site of the implantation within the lower
form of the uterine segments after the delivery. The activation of the massive form of the
transfusion are the protocol that may be warranted that is dependent on the situation.
However, it has been seen that when there is a significant occurrence of bleeding, there are rapid
replacement for the products of the blood that is of the utmost priority. In these cases, the
activation of the massive transfusion protocols they are allowing for the stabilization of the
hemodynamic status of the patients by the rapid form of the supply and the infusion of the
products of the blood (McCafferty, 2014).
The patient should be assessed in the labor and the delivery unit and the focus should always be
on the stability of the maternal hemodynamic and their well-being. The evaluations are to be
initiated with a close observation to the major signs and the initiation of the monitoring the fetal
electronically.
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NURSING ASSIGNMENT
In accordance to the case study, it has been seen that the patient is going through a heavy blood
loss and it is due to the obstetric hemorrhage as one of the major causes of maternal death.
Therefore, it is very necessary for the nurses to record the type, site and the amount of blood loss
(Gusmão et al., 2016). The nurses should count the weight of the parineal pads and if it is
possible, they need to save the clotting of the blood that can be only evaluated by the physicians.
The correct amount of the loss of blood and the presence of the level of the blood clotting can
help to determine the appropriate amount of the replacement that is needed for the patients
(Gusmão et al., 2016).
The assessment of the location of the uterus and the degree to which that are contractible of the
uterus. Therefore, the immediate form of the remedy that can be given by the nurses will be to
massage the boggy form of the uterus using one hand and by placing the second hand above the
symphysis pubis. The degree of the contractibility of the uterus will be helpful for measuring the
status of the loss of the blood. Just by placing the hand just above the symphysis pubis will be
possible for preventing the possible form of the uterine inversions that is done during the
massage (Green, 2015).
The possible outcomes
The postpartum hemorrhage is one of the rarest cases when the patient is in the general or
the acute form of care for the surgeon that may be called as a emergency basis for the labor and
the delivery. This is a situation where the time is very limited and the stakes are very high. One
of the most significant form of the postpartum hemorrhage are recognized as the resuscitation
that is performed in the parallel form of the efforts of the diagnostic efforts.
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NURSING ASSIGNMENT
The fluids are to be replaced with the goals that are matched by all the previous form of the
losses that are seen within the first hour (O’Connor et al., 2015). The rate is then being titrated to
provide the maintenance of the fluids that are to be continued for the losses that are so
appropriate for the vital signs that are to be maintained. However, it is prudent to the limit that
are more than 2L of the crystalloids, 1.5L of colloid and 2 units of the type of the O negative
blood groups that are provided by the cross matched blood to the patients. The more accurate
form of assessments that has the volume for the loss that can be assessed by calculating the
volume of the blood of the patients. However, if the bleeding persists then with the loss of the
blood is greater than 40% of the estimated form of the volume of the blood of the patient that are
needed to be transfused to the patient.
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NURSING ASSIGNMENT
References
Cole, J., Jones, T., Shaughnessy, E., Chadwick, S., Munson, D., & Moldenhauer, J. (2015).
Multidisciplinary Perinatal Palliative Care Plan for a Pregnant Woman Carrying a Fetus
with Trisomy13 and Her Family. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal
Nursing, 44(s1).
Green, C. J. (2015). Maternal newborn nursing care plans. Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
Gusmão, N. V. S., do Nascimento Souza, Z. C. S., & de Camargo Fonseca, M. C. (2016).
Atendimento às gestantes e puérperas pelo serviço de atendimento móvel de
urgência/Care provided to pregnant women and puerperal mothers by the mobile
emergency care service. Ciência, Cuidado e Saúde, 15(1), 11-18.
Lowdermilk, D. L., Perry, S. E., & Cashion, M. C. (2014). Maternity Nursing-Revised Reprint-
E-Boo
Mahadevan, U., & Matro, R. (2015). Care of the pregnant patient with inflammatory bowel
disease. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 126(2), 401-412.
McCafferty, K. L. (2014). Understanding the factors that influence the provision of intrapartum
nursing care within rural settings. University of Nebraska Medical Center.
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NURSING ASSIGNMENT
O’Connor, A., Lewis, L., McLaurin, R., & Barnett, L. (2015). Maternal and neonatal outcomes
of Hepatitis C positive women attending a midwifery led drug and alcohol service: A
West Australian perspective. Midwifery, 31(8), 793-797.
Oluoch, D. A., Mwangome, N., Kemp, B., Seale, A. C., Koech, A., Papageorghiou, A. T., ... &
Jones, C. O. (2015). “You cannot know if it’sa baby or not a baby”: uptake, provision and
perceptions of antenatal care and routine antenatal ultrasound scanning in rural
Kenya. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 15(1), 127.
Qi, M., Chang, E., Tou, K., Lian, Q., Wen, D., Khoo, C. K., & Tan, K. H. (2016). Placental
massive perivillous fibrinoid deposition is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes: a
clinicopathological study of 12 cases. Case Reports in Perinatal Medicine, 5(1), 35-39.
Sumigama, S., Sugiyama, C., Kotani, T., Hayakawa, H., Inoue, A., Mano, Y., ... & Okamoto, T.
(2014). Uterine sutures at prior caesarean section and placenta accreta in subsequent
pregnancy: a case–control study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics &
Gynaecology, 121(7), 866-875.
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