Nursing Assignment on Nosocomial Infections

This nursing assignment discusses two articles related to nosocomial infections, mentioning its nursing implication and its level of evidence. It also highlights the effectiveness of educational programs and multimodal improvement programs in increasing nurse adherence to infection prevention protections.

Running head: NURSING ASSIGNMENT
NURSING ASSIGNMENT
Name of the Student
Name of the university
Author’s note

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Introduction
Nosocomial infections are hospital acquired infections that are caused due to exposure to
viral, bacterial and fungal pathogens causing readmissions, increased health care cost
widespread mortality among the hospital inpatients (Khan, Ahmad & Mehboob, 2015). This
paper would review two articles related to nosocomial infections, mentioning its nursing
implication and its level of evidence.
Types of primary source
Article 1-
Article 1 by Al-Hussami and Darawad, (2013) belongs the level 1 of the evidence of
hierarchy, as it is a study where the participants have been assigned randomly to a treatment or
an intervention (Murad et al., 2016). It is a high quality of randomized control study. This article
have important nursing implications, as it indicates towards the fact that educational programs
held inside hospital premises can increase nurse adherence to the infection prevention protections
and thus a reduction in the rate of the nosocomial infection.
Article 2
Article 2 by Arntz et al., (2016) is an observational study and belongs to level II of the
evidence of hierarchy as this is a prospective study (Murad et al., 2016). The nursing implication
of this study is that introduction of multimodal improvement programs like health literacy about
the five moments of hand hygiene and reminders to comply with the protocol has been found to
be really effective in increasing the adherence of the nurses to hand hygiene protocol.

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Summary of the articles
Article 1-
Nosocomial infection is one of the common hospital acquired condition that contributes to the
mortality and morbidity of the patient. Nosocomial infection is an important performance
indicator of nursing care in a clinical care settings. Nurses are the health care professionals that
are in direct contact with the infectious patients and hence nurses adherence to the protocols of
infection control in required to control nosocomial infection among the patients. The context of
this paper is that, in Jordon School of the nursing, infection prevention protocols are not taught in
special courses. Instead, only a one hour lecture within the clinical syllabus has been fixed for
teaching infection control. The aim of the paper is to test the effectiveness of nursing infection
prevention literacy program offered to the nursing students to increase their knowledge in the
infection prevention.
In order to prove that a true experimental design was set up. It involved a random
allocation of the subjects to different groups, both the control and the experimental group. A
pretest and a post test was take for measuring the outcome of the interventions. Four infection
prevention protocol sessions were conducted in the lecture rooms of the school of nursing. The
educational program consisted of three parts. Initially, pre-education was given. In the second
part, education about the infection prevention education was given, which contained six modules
like introducing to immunology and infection, hand hygiene, nosocomial infection, Personal
Protective Equipment , isolation protections , sterilization and disinfection. Then, the third part
consisted of the post education that involved taking feedback from the participants. In order to
evaluate the efficiency of an intervention program, an assessment test was conducted.

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As per the results, the participants in the intervention group was found to be having a
better knowledge in infection control than that of the control group (t=19.15;d=95;P=.000). After
the participation in the infection control program, the compliance score between the two groups
were not found to be significantly different. Compliance was found to be significant within the
experimental group.
Article 2
The article by Arntz et al., (2016) aims to assess the effect of a multimodal improvement strategy
on the hand hygiene compliance in the ED. A prospective before and after study to understand
the effect of a multimodal improvement strategy on the compliance of Hand hygiene as per – “5
Moments of Hand Hygiene” defined by World Health Organisation. Interventions like health
literacy, remainders and regular feedback on the hand hygiene performance and the role models
were planned. Nurses and physicians of the emergency department were observed and about
1000 possibilities of hand rubs were evaluated at the time of the intervention period (Arntz et al.,
2016). After the intervention, compliance with HH was found to be significantly higher than that
of the baseline data - 18% (74/407) to 41% (77/190) after the initial intervention and 50%
(99/200) and 46% (96/210) after the next interventions. Hence, it can be said that a multimodal
HH strategy can be helpful in increasing the compliance to HH.
Conclusion
Both the papers have indicated towards the fact that the health care professionals lacked
enough health literacy about nosocomial infections, but application of interventions like
educational programs, reminders can be helpful to increase the nurse’ compliance with hygiene
techniques.

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References
Al-Hussami, M., & Darawad, M. (2013). Compliance of nursing students with infection
prevention precautions: effectiveness of a teaching program. American journal of
infection control, 41(4), 332-336.
Arntz, P. R. H., Hopman, J., Nillesen, M., Yalcin, E., Bleeker-Rovers, C. P., Voss, A., ... & Wei,
A. (2016). Effectiveness of a multimodal hand hygiene improvement strategy in the
emergency department. American journal of infection control, 44(11), 1203-1207.
Khan, H. A., Ahmad, A., & Mehboob, R. (2015). Nosocomial infections and their control
strategies. Asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 5(7), 509-514.
Murad, M. H., Asi, N., Alsawas, M., & Alahdab, F. (2016). New evidence pyramid. BMJ
Evidence-Based Medicine, 21(4), 125-127.