Normative Aging Changes: Understanding Behavioral Changes and STDs

This presentation provides an overview of normative aging changes, focusing on behavioral changes and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It discusses the causes, complications, and prevention of STDs, including common STDs such as gonorrhea, chlamydia, herpes, HIV, HPV, and syphilis. The presentation also highlights risk factors, prevention methods, and the impact of STDs on women's health. Additionally, it covers pregnancy and prevention methods.

NURSING
ASSIGNMENT

Normative aging changes
O Changes in an individual’s thinking process over
time, is considered as normative part of aging.
O Behavioural changes, joint pain & stiffness,
weight loss and others determines aging. Pubic
hair, armpit, and leg hair usually grows after
puberty.
O Sexuality is defined as an individual’s
experience, through which they express
themselves sexually (Gunnar & Hostinar, 2015).

STDs
O Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) refers
to the infections that is passed from one
individual to another.
O These infections are passed through sexual
contact, either caused by bacteria, parasites,
and use of infected needles (Jandackova et
al.,2016).
O Examples include Chlamydia, Chancroid,
genital herpes, hepatitis B and others.

Causes and complications
O Sexually transmitted diseases can have
number of signs and symptoms, and may lead
to major complications. Therefore, an
individual must undergone for screening to
prevent complications (Silva et al., 2015).
O Pelvic pain, pregnancy complications, eye
inflammations, heart diseases, infertility, and
certain other cancers.

Gonorrhea and Chlamydia
O Gonorrhea is one of the STDs, also known as
the clap. It affects the genital tract, and also
other parts.
O It creates problems to the throat, rectum, eyes,
and joints weakening the strength of the
individual.
O Chlamydia is one of the super bacterial
infection caused from the sexual contact with
other person.

O Gonorrhea and Chlamydia are both sexually
transmitted diseases (STDs) which are caused by
bacteria.
O Americans are mostly found with the disease
Chlamydia, during the age of 14-24 years of the
age.
O Some of the common symptoms of both the
diseases include foul smell from the private areas.

Herpes, HIV, HPV and Syphillis
O Herpes, is an infection caused by the HSV, i.e. Herpes simplex
virus.
O Symptoms of the Herpes consist of blisters, ulcers, pain,
sores, and vaginal discharge.
O First or initial symptoms include fever, and flu, general
itching, discomfort (Menezes et al., 2018).
O HIV, i.e. human immunodeficiency virus, leads to weakening
of the person’s immune system.

O HIV, impacts the body, by destroying the cells which fight
disease or infection.
O HIV has no stated or effective cure or treatment, but it can be
treated with proper medical care (Giuliano et al., 2015).
O HPV, called as human papillomavirus, is found to be one of
the sexually transmitted infection.

OHPV, is usually considered as
harmless and gets cured itself
in the normal cases.
OIt is a viral infection, that
causes the skin or mucous
membranes growth or warts.
OMostly found in the United
States, approximately 14
million are affected by HPV.

Syphillis
O Syphillis is one of the common STD, which is
commonly spread or caused from vaginal,
oral, or anal sex.
O It causes sores on the genitals, called as
chancres.
O These sores are generally painless, however
they can spread from one individual to
another through sexual contact (Giuliano et
al., 2015).

Risk factors and prevention
O A number of symptoms in context to STD
consist of painful urination, bumps, sores,
vaginal discharge and others.
O Prevention of the sexually transmitted diseases
states, preventing sexual relationships with the
infected partner. It also includes avoiding
sharing the personal items of use.

O Moreover, the prevention of the sexually transmitted diseases
also involves use of the barrier contraceptives. Use of
condoms, are appropriately used to prevent spreading of
infection (Kularatne et al., 2018).
O Sexual health check-ups, vaccination and use of
recommended medications can help prevent STDs.
O Vaccines against HPV, and hepatitis B are available and
effective.

O It has been found that the causes and long-
term health consequences tend to be more
severe for women.
O Young women nearly, from the age of 15-24
years reported the problem of STDs in the
year 2017 (Shaukat & Kazmi, 2016).
O Many STDs can be passed from the mother to
her baby, before, during or immediately after
birth.

Pregnancy and prevention
O The term pregnancy refers to the period of
‘gestation’ during which one or more
offspring develop inside the body of women.
O One of the major ways of preventing
pregnancy is abstinence of sex, and using the
barrier methods.
O Other hormonal barriers include use of vaginal
spring, injections, contraceptive pills, patches,
and several others.

References
O Giuliano, A. R., Botha, M. H., Zeier, M., Abrahamsen, M. E., Glashoff, R. H., Van der Laan, L. E. & Torres, B. N.
(2015). High HIV, HPV, and STI prevalence among young Western Cape, South African women: EVRI HIV
prevention preparedness trial. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 68(2), 227.
O Gunnar, M. R., & Hostinar, C. E. (2015). The social buffering of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis in
humans: Developmental and experiential determinants. Social neuroscience, 10(5), 479-488.Dixson, A. (2015).
Primate sexuality. The international encyclopedia of human sexuality, 861-1042.
O Jandackova, V. K., Scholes, S., Britton, A. & Steptoe, A. (2016). Are changes in heart rate variability in middle‐
aged and older people normative or caused by pathological conditions? Findings from a large population‐based
longitudinal cohort study. Journal of the American Heart Association, 5(2), e002365.
O Kularatne, R. S., Niit, R., Rowley, J., Kufa-Chakezha, T., Peters, R. P., Taylor, M. M. & Korenromp, E. L. (2018).
Adult gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis prevalence, incidence, treatment and syndromic case reporting in South
Africa: Estimates using the Spectrum-STI model, 1990-2017. PloS one, 13(10), e0205863.
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O Menezes, L. J., Pokharel, U., Sudenga, S. L., Botha, M. H., Zeier, M., Abrahamsen, M. E. & Kipping, S. (2018).
Patterns of prevalent HPV and STI co-infections and associated factors among HIV-negative young Western Cape,
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