Healthcare Innovation and Integration: An Evidence-Based Approach

This paper discusses the importance of healthcare innovation and integration in the healthcare system. It analyzes the strategies and policies that can be implemented to optimize healthcare management, services, and delivery process. The paper also provides an annotated bibliography of three sources that support the topic.

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Evidence Based Nursing
Name
Professor
Course
Date

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Structured reflection
Stage 1
Pappas and McCauley (2018) how that reflection is the whole method of reflecting what one has
done or what has been practicing for a particular period (p.67). In simple words, reflection is all
about turning backward and writing what happened at a specific period.
In this paper I will be using various sources which will give guidance on the topic selected. The
question falls under the themes outlined in the school of nursing midwifery. Therefore the
subject which I have used is based on healthcare innovation and integration. The problem
encapsulates the ability to optimize the management, healthcare services, and the delivery
process in health (Pappas & McCauley, 2018 p.162). The main issue at this topic is all about
following the standards outlined in the health care system. Healthcare innovation and integration
analyses medical concepts such as disease prevention, healthcare promotion, and healthcare
management.
My interest in the topic is that when I was in third year, I attended a health care center, and I was
shocked at how things were done in the hospital. It happened that when I was in my first hospital
attachment programmme, I noticed that health care workers were not competent in their duties. I
witnessed some nurses were not working hard, thus leaving patients unattended in the wards.
Stage 2
The reason why I have decided to choose the topic is that there is a need to integrate policies that
will control the health care system. In most hospitals, we have some workers who are not
competent at all. Health care innovation and integration calls for the aspect of efficacy when
offering healthcare services. The topic is relevant to both nursing and healthcare in the sense that

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patients in hospitals feel recognized and thus enforcing doctors to be competent in their duties
(Mast, Gambescia, Hewitt & Zimmerman, 2015 p.132).
Stage 3
The research question is based on how health care centers can promote the issue of efficiency
when offering health services. The topic clearly shows how healthcare innovation and integration
can help patients to access their rights and freedoms correctly (Sultan, 2015 p.123). To handle
the idea of disease prevention, health promotion, and management, the paper outlines the
strategy that was followed in selecting the sources.
To obtain the literature needed, I have selected the three sources from the two databases that is
Medline and PubMed. I started the whole procedure by typing the words "the importance of
healthcare innovation and integration." After entering all the terms I found small number of
sources in the database describing the topic. From the few sources, I obtained I selected three of
them, which had both qualitative and quantitative analyses on the theme.
I selected the three sources because they entirely focused on the issue of healthcare management
and disease prevention. Besides, the sources were also illustrating how healthcare is evidence-
based and how the delivery of services in hospitals should be done. The first sources analyze
disease prevention mechanisms, while the second source elaborates on healthcare management.
The last source entirely discusses healthcare promotion strategies in the healthcare system. The
criteria used in selecting the three sources are attached in the appendix section. Procedures
followed to come up with the information has been assigned in the appendix section of the paper.

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Annotated Bibliography
Graveto, J.M., Santos, C., Costa, P.S., Fernandes, E., Alarico, S., Osório, N., Albano, H.
and Oliveira, V., 2018. Hand hygiene management among nurses: collective health
challenges. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 71, pp.562-567.
The article is one of the recent out of the three sources which were selected. The source
investigates the issue of disease prevention in the healthcare system. The report supports some of
the standard practices which help in preventing and controlling the spread of disease. The article
calls for healthcare users to educate patients on how to avoid infections. Some of the methods
which have been discussed in the source are;
First, there is the idea of handy hygiene, which helps in preventing the spread of germs in human
beings. According to the convenient reference, a wash is the simplest method of protecting the
spread of diseases. The author supports how surgical workers needs to wash their arms before
embarking into any procedure in the hospital. Cleaning hands before and after any operation
helps in removing germs on the sides. Besides, the article articulates the issue of environmental
hygiene in human beings. Environmental health involves cleansing the free environment so as to
remove the microbial organism which causes disease (Jones, Jorissen & Bewley, 2016 p.19).
The other concept outlined in the article is the idea of screening and cohorts of patients in the
hospitals. As I was in the hospital, I noticed that most of the nurses were not screening the
patients in the hospital, and this facilitated the spread of diseases. The concept of screening helps
in ensuring cross infections do not occur, thus reducing death cases. The article demands the
healthcare system has standards and policies which should be followed by all nurses and doctors
to ensure they observe the aspect of screening. Besides the source has analyzed on the issue of

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vaccine which prevents and control the spread of diseases. The source argues that nurses and
doctors sometimes may be the primary cause of illness. It means that most of the nurses may
contact germs that they transfer directly or indirectly to patients in hospitals. Therefore, it means
that healthcare centers need to ensure there is vaccination of patients and also the staff to protect
the spread of diseases. The treatment of workers in hospitals contributes to preventing infections
and the spread of germs (Jones, Jorissen & Bewley, 2016 p.109). Lastly, the source has outlined
the concept of antibiotic stewardship. The paper shows how the misuse of antibiotics in hospitals
can threaten the life of patients.
Halldorsdottir, S., Einarsdottir, E.J. and Edvardsson, I.R., 2018. Effects of cutbacks on
motivating factors among nurses in primary health care. Scandinavian journal of caring
sciences, 32(1), pp.397-406.
The idea generated from the source is based on how nurses and doctors need to ensure the
aspect of healthcare management in healthcare units. The sources show that health care
management is a complex field that demands the point of efficiency. The healthcare management
churns all employees in the healthcare industry to comply with the policies to render suitable
services to the patients (Pinnock et al., 2017 p.276). The article supports how active management
is necessary for the development of the healthcare unit. Management determines how
subordinates comply with their duties in any organization. In the healthcare system, active
management calls for total integration between the entities needed in offering healthcare
services. Therefore, the author has outlined that active management in healthcare will help in
creating a healthy environment, thus treating patients promptly. All workers in hospitals are
required to cooperate, thus fostering good rapport in the hospitals. Besides, active management
helps in nurturing teamwork. Strong nurse management in healthcare will enable cooperation,

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thus forcing them to redder services at their best. For nurses to be competent, then they must
appreciate the importance of communication in the hospital. When nurses work together, it will
be easy to handle the patients, thus promoting the provision of better services in the hospital.
Teamwork is all that can help patients in the hospital. The article also supports how active
management will help in supporting employee development in the hospital.
On another hand, the effective management of nurses in the healthcare unit will help in setting
the standard goals. Subordinates always look for managers who set goals and objectives needed
in any organization. It is easy to follow goals and purpose than to work without any standards
and policies in the healthcare unit. Decoding all strategies and goals in the hospitals will improve
the entire situation involving the provision of services in the hospitals (Miles et al., 2017 p.176).
The main issue discussed by the author is, therefore, encouraging the appropriate management in
the hospitals.
Kumar, S., & Preetha, G. S. (2012). Health promotion: an effective tool for global health.
Indian journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of
Preventive & Social Medicine, 37(1), 5.
Health promotion has been viewed as a very relevant strategy in ensuring the success of
the health system. The global domain indicates that various strategic variables instill both health
and social wellbeing. These factors are generally outside the health system and comprise of
socioeconomic conditions, the population density, external learning conditions, family patterns,
and other cultural values (McCaffery et al., 2016 p.123). The article also indicates the
sociopolitical and economic strategies that are rapidly changing in contemporary society.

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According to the article, health promotion can be well implemented through enacting a holistic
approach that empowers people and the entire community. Another strategy is fostering
leadership skills through training programs that increase awareness of health issues affecting
people. According to the article, promotion of immediate action needed to create healthy
community policies in all the environmental variables enhances a sustainable health system. It is
also evident that there should be increased communication and interrelationship strategies, such
as the use of social media forums that enhance health care promotion (Janati, Hasanpoor,
Hajebrahimi, Sadeghi-Bazargani & Khezri, 2018 p.56). As stated by the article, the promotion
also encompasses the providence of adequate funds and resources in the health care system.
These funds are essential strategies for ensuring promotion in the health care system. It can be in
the form of helping in research and development, data collection and dissemination, and carrying
g complex procedures in patients.
Therefore, the articles have clearly answered our topic that is healthcare innovation and
integration. The paper indicates that nurses should focus on adhering to the policies which
reduce the spread of disease. The issue of hygiene is the best method of preventing the spread of
diseases in human beings. Besides, the second source has supported the team by encouraging the
idea of active management in the healthcare system. Strong management ensures nurses can
work together, thus handling patients in the best way. The third article has contributed positively
to the theme that involves health care innovation and integration. This is because health care
promotion has evolved through providing a channel for technological innovation in health care.
Health care promotion also encompasses various cultural and social values that increase family
relationships between the affected people. Health care knowledge and awareness shared on
platforms such as social media enables innovation and integration of people as they discuss the

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health care problems. This is important since health care is a vital aspect of society as it entails
successful innovation and integration skills. Besides, the articles have supported the issue of
health promotion. The entire information attributed by the materials closes the gaps, thus giving
a positive change.
Summary
Strengths of the sources
The three articles have clearly explained some of the critical aspects fundamental in the
healthcare system. The first article shows how disease prevention is a necessary activity that
reduces the deaths of people. The whole idea explained by the article prepares the healthcare
units to focus on critical aspects in the field of nursing. The reports have also discussed methods
that can help in preventing the spread of diseases such as hand hygiene in hospitals. On another
hand, the article has given an outline of the issue related to healthcare management. The second
article is definite on the point of efficiency when handling patients in healthcare units. According
to the report, active management will help people to communicate freely with each other in the
healthcare unit. If management is done well in the hospital, there will be a good relationship
between the workers and patients in the hospital.
Weaknesses of the source
Some of the shortcomings of the articles have been discussed. First, they have failed to give a
clear direction on how healthcare centers can work on treating some of the common diseases.
The reports don't account for the treatment of chronic diseases, which have caused multiple
deaths. On another hand, the articles do not focus on how to come up with apt strategies for
enhancing efficient control. There is no single information supporting how clinical officials can

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work together to achieve common goals. Also, there is no guidance on how to handle social
challenges deterring access to appropriate medical services. The articles fail to explain how
issues such as poverty and low income have hindered society from accessing medical services in
various areas.
Similarities
There are some concepts shared by the articles selected in our study. First, the article emphasizes
on improving the clinical conditions in the field of healthcare. Each item is focusing on teaching
healthcare stakeholders on how to induce the aspect of change. The articles also have a similar
structure that is they have used the same format for presenting research work in the field of
healthcare. Each item starts with a pure abstract analyzing the critical issues outlined in the
research. On another hand, the articles focus on giving a positive impact to the relevant field in
the field of healthcare. The reports have outlined that it is easy to control various challenges such
as the spread of chronic disease, improving the management sector, and analyzing healthcare
promotions. Each report is definite, and it displays corrective measures for the identified problem
in healthcare.
The three sources have supported the issue of healthcare innovation and integration. The
articles have outlined some of the methods and mechanisms which aim to prevent and control
diseases in the healthcare unit. This is through the resources set aside makes sure that health care
issues reach a wide variety of people. Besides, the sources provides vast information and
research needed for future use in the field of nursing.

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References
Graveto, J.M., Santos, C., Costa, P.S., Fernandes, E., Alarico, S., Osório, N., Albano, H. and
Oliveira, V., 2018. Hand hygiene management among nurses: collective health
challenges. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 71, pp.562-567.
Halldorsdottir, S., Einarsdottir, E.J. and Edvardsson, I.R., 2018. Effects of cutbacks on
motivating factors among nurses in primary health care. Scandinavian journal of caring
sciences, 32(1), pp.397-406.
Janati, A., Hasanpoor, E., Hajebrahimi, S., Sadeghi-Bazargani, H. and Khezri, A., 2018. An
evidence-based framework for evidence-based management in healthcare organizations: a Delphi
study. Ethiopian journal of health sciences, 28(3), pp.305-314.
Jones, W., Jorissen, S. and Bewley, L., 2016. Attitudes and Expectations of Graduate Healthcare
Management Faculty on Using a Competency-Based Approach. Journal of Health
Administration Education, 33(4), pp.581-607.
Kumar, S., & Preetha, G. S. (2012). Health promotion: an effective tool for global health. Indian
journal of community medicine: official publication of Indian Association of Preventive &
Social Medicine, 37(1), 5.
Mast, L.J., Gambescia, S., Hewitt, A.M. and Zimmerman, D.L., 2015. Online Healthcare
Management Education: A Nod to the Past and a Vision for the Future. The Journal of Health
Administration Education, 32(4), p.423.

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McCaffery, K.J., Jansen, J., Scherer, L.D., Thornton, H., Hersch, J., Carter, S.M., Barratt, A.,
Sheridan, S., Moynihan, R., Waller, J. and Brodersen, J., 2016. Walking the tightrope:
communicating overdiagnosis in modern healthcare. Bmj, 352, p.i348.
Miles, C., Arden-Close, E., Thomas, M., Bruton, A., Yardley, L., Hankins, M. and Kirby, S.E.,
2017. Barriers and facilitators of effective self-management in asthma: systematic review and
thematic synthesis of patient and healthcare professional views. NPJ primary care respiratory
medicine, 27(1), p.57.
Pappas, S. and McCauley, L., 2018. Nursing Integration and Innovation across a Multisystem
Enterprise. Nursing administration quarterly, 42(1), pp.54-61.
Pinnock, H., Parke, H.L., Panagioti, M., Daines, L., Pearce, G., Epiphaniou, E., Bower, P.,
Sheikh, A., Griffiths, C.J. and Taylor, S.J., 2017. Systematic meta-review of supported self-
management for asthma: a healthcare perspective. BMC medicine, 15(1), p.64.
Sultan, N., 2015. Reflective thoughts on the potential and challenges of wearable technology for
healthcare provision and medical education. International Journal of Information
Management, 35(5), pp.521-526.

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Appendix 1
Appendix 1
Criteria used in selecting the sources

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Article 1

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Article 2

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Article 3