Impact of Family Presence During CPR

This assignment delves into the complex topic of family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). It requires students to analyze scholarly articles and publications that explore both the advantages and disadvantages of allowing families to witness CPR procedures. The analysis should encompass perspectives from healthcare professionals, patients' families, and ethical considerations. Additionally, students must examine relevant guidelines and policies surrounding family presence during CPR, such as those provided by the European Resuscitation Council.

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NURSING EVIDENCE BASED RESEARCH
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation
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Nursing Evidence Based Research
Part 1
Question 1
Effectiveness of the ‘EARLY SAVE’ Program
The ‘EARLY SAVE’ program was particularly initiated to mirror out best practices in
early recognition as well as response to clinical deterioration. Clinical staff was educated so that
they could be able to implement the program effectively. Additionally, there was an introduction
of an escalation chart as well as an observation to help in accomplishing the plan. The EARLY
SAVE program has been effective in improving early recognition as well as response to clinical
deterioration within the hospital. To show this, there has been an incredible decrease in the death
of patients from 25 percent to 10 percent. This is a tremendous achievement which the hospital
has accomplished with the introduction of the early save program. The program has ensured that
any patient who deteriorate get timely and appropriate care. Through the program, all patients
have been able to receive comprehensive care, irrespective of the time of the day or their location
within the hospital.
An array of systems has been put in place to manage and overcome clinical deterioration
efficiently (Churpek et al. 2015 p. A5396). The program permits the clinicians to use various
guides to identify plans for implementing stout response and recognition systems. Notably, due
to the program, patients who are being transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) have
significantly reduced from 35 percent to 20 percent. This shows that the program has been able
to take care of or treat a patient who requires close monitoring and observation. It is also
important to note that the program has specialized equipment as well as trained personnel who
are able to care for patients suffering from chronic diseases such as respiratory diseases and

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cardiac pain. According Barr et al. (2013 p. 264), these equipment have functioned more
effectively in detecting and recognizing patients suffering from cardiac diseases and quickly
responding to their conditions. As a result, more patients have been able to stay in the wards thus
not getting a transfer to either ICU or HDI. The professionals have also used the equipment to
come up with best practices to overcome such diseases, therefore, reducing the number of deaths.
Question 2
The Use of Data Obtained from Pre and Post EARLY SAVE Program When
Reporting to (NSQHS) Standard
The National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS) Standard drives the
implementations of quality and safety systems which improve health care quality(Boyd and
Sheen, 2014 p. 31). The information obtained from the Pre and Post EARLY SAVE Program can
significantly assist when reporting to the National Safety and Quality Health Service (NSQHS)
Standard. The data shows improvements the hospital has made through the implementation of
EARLY SAVE Program. For example, through the implementation of the EARLY SAVE
Program, the hospital has experienced a significant decline in the number of deaths from 25
percent to 10 percent. Remarkably, this will reveal to NSQHS that the hospital is making
progress in quality health care delivery.
Additionally, the hospital has experienced a decrease in the number of patients being
transferred to the ICU from 35% to 20%. The data shows that the various calls in the MET have
increased from 160 calls to 360 calls indicating that the program actively helps several people to
have a healthy living. Currently, patients can call the MET to intervene for their situations. It is,
therefore, important to state that the number of staff attending to different customers have
increased allowing better service delivery. The data will also aid to let know NSQHS that a lot of

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progress is taking place within the hospital regarding service delivery. For example, patients can
now remain in wards and receive proper treatment without necessarily going to the intensive care
unit.
Part 2
Events which take place during the trial to save a life are quite intense. The family
members’ presence during the resuscitation efforts is becoming a vital issue in the healthcare
setting. The presence of few family members, for instance, during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
is a comparatively fresh matter in healthcare. It is important to note that prior to the initiation of
modern Medicare, a patient’s family was habitually present at their loved one’s deathbed. A sick
individual’s final moments were mostly regulated by the family members instead of the medical
profession. This article endeavors to elucidate the importance of allowing the presence of family
members during the resuscitation of a loved one.
Many emergency medical practitioners advocate that giving family members an
opportunity to watch resuscitation of a loved one is a good idea (Tudor et al, 2014 p. 88). Both
the emergency medical experts and family members agree that witnessing the resuscitation of a
loved one can take out the mystery of any possible terrifying experience. It is noteworthy that it
offers reassurance to the members of the household that all is being done to ensure or save the
life of their loved one. People always need assurance that everything is taking place rightly and
so allowing the presence of the relatives gives them the opportunity to know what is taking place
in the theatre. It is vital to consider the area which the patient’s family members are allowed to
reach without infuriating any interference to the medical practitioners.
Allowing the presence of the relatives also provides closure for some of the family
members who want to be with the loved one till his or her last minutes. Also, it shows

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individuals why reviving anyone in cardiac arrest is not much likely to be easy as persons do
assume from watching the process on the television. Members of the family who may rightly
understand what it means by ‘doing everything possible or probable’ can go ahead to come up
with more informed decision about end-of-life-care for their families or themselves (Greenfield
et al. 2015 3111). The journal of New England of Medicine elucidates that no negative or
adverse effects can arise from having family members present during the resuscitations attempts.
According to Collinset al. (2015 p. 793), members of the family who observes
resuscitations attempts are considerably less in the offing to experience depression, anxiety as
well as symptoms or signs of post-traumatic stress compared to family members who do not
observe the resuscitation efforts. The results established in the Journal of New England of
Medicine, titled ‘Family Members Presence during Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation’ show that
family members’ presence does not impact the results of the Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
(Jabre et al 2013 p. 1009) The study also shows that the relatives’ presence does not increase the
levels of stress of the emergency medical team which usually comprises three emergency
medical technicians, trained nurses in emergency medicine, and a physician. The study
established that having the presence of family members does not lead to any failure in the
resuscitation process.
In the same token, the members of the family feel involved in the resuscitation process,
and they can appear more adept to reconcile to the fact of losing a life. According to Porter et al
(2014 p. 71), family members’ presence during, for instance, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of
an adult patient has to some extent positive impact, especially if the medical team fails to re-
establish the fundamental physical functions. Hasselqvistet al. (2014, p. 2308), advocates that the
family presence have no traumatic memory as a result, because they will believe that the doctors

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helped their household member, and this eases their fears. Subsequently, the family members’
presence enhances their understanding of the patient’s condition, and they may make informed
decisions concerning the patient’s condition.
It is significant to note that relatives’ presence offers various opportunities for them to
support the patient as well as obtain closure in case of death. Family members are also able to
appreciate the resuscitation efforts made by the medical practitioners when allowed to be in the
acute care setting. Most importantly, family members’ presence increases the staff attention to
the patient and enhances professional behavior amongst the staff members (Zavotsky et al, 2014
p. 326). The staff members will have to create a much holistic approach to care, therefore,
increasing the survival chances. Notably, these articles are vital since they help in explaining the
benefits of having the family members within the acute care setting. The commentaries tell why
the modern medical practitioners currently allow the patient’s relative to watch and witness the
operation being done on their loved ones.
In conclusion, the objectives of resuscitation include limiting disability, relieving
suffering, restoring health, respecting people’s privacy as well as decisions, and preserving life
(Soar et al, 2015, p. 102). The practice of providing the members of the family with the chance to
be present during resuscitation has become a controversial ethical matter in most emergency
medical services. However, family members ought to be allowed in during resuscitation so that
they can be able to accept the situation and move on. Their presence is quite significant since it
provides a holistic approach to care and offers various opportunities for the family members to
support their patient as well as obtain closure in case of death.

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Reference List
Barr, J., Fraser, G.L., Puntillo, K., Ely, E.W., Gélinas, C., Dasta, J.F., Davidson, J.E., Devlin,
J.W., Kress, J.P., Joffe, A.M. and Coursin, D.B., 2013. Clinical practice guidelines for the
management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care
unit. Critical care medicine, 41(1), pp.263-306.
Boyd, L. and Sheen, J., 2014. The national safety and quality health service standards
requirements for orientation and induction within Australian Healthcare: A review of the
literature. Asia Pacific journal of health management, 9(3), pp.31-37.
Churpek, M.M., Winslow, C.J., Meltzer, D.O., Kattan, M. and Edelson, D.P., 2015. Multicenter
Comparison Of Conventional Regression And Machine Learning Methods For Predicting
Clinical Deterioration On The Wards. In D16. PREDICTING RISK AND OUTCOMES
FOR CRITICAL ILLNESS (pp. A5396-A5396). American Thoracic Society.
Collins, F.S. and Varmus, H., 2015. A new initiative on precision medicine. New England
Journal of Medicine, 372(9), pp.793-795.
Greenfield, D., Hinchcliff, R., Banks, M., Mumford, V., Hogden, A., Debono, D., Pawsey, M.,
Westbrook, J. and Braithwaite, J., 2015. Analysing ‘big picture’policy reform
mechanisms: the Australian health service safety and quality accreditation
scheme. Health Expectations, 18(6), pp.3110-3122.
Hasselqvist-Ax, I., Riva, G., Herlitz, J., Rosenqvist, M., Hollenberg, J., Nordberg, P., Ringh, M.,
Jonsson, M., Axelsson, C., Lindqvist, J. and Karlsson, T., 2015. Early cardiopulmonary
resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. New England Journal of
Medicine, 372(24), pp.2307-2315.

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Jabre, P., Belpomme, V., Azoulay, E., Jacob, L., Bertrand, L., Lapostolle, F., Tazarourte, K.,
Bouilleau, G., Pinaud, V., Broche, C. and Normand, D., 2013. Family presence during
cardiopulmonary resuscitation. New England Journal of Medicine, 368(11), pp.1008-
1018.
Porter, J.E., Cooper, S.J. and Sellick, K., 2014. Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR):
perceived benefits, barriers and enablers to implementation and practice. International
emergency nursing, 22(2), pp.69-74.
Soar, J., Nolan, J.P., Böttiger, B.W., Perkins, G.D., Lott, C., Carli, P., Pellis, T., Sandroni, C.,
Skrifvars, M.B., Smith, G.B. and Sunde, K., 2015. European Resuscitation Council
guidelines for resuscitation 2015. Resuscitation, 95, pp.100-147.
Tudor, K., Berger, J., Polivka, B.J., Chlebowy, R. and Thomas, B., 2014. Nurses’ perceptions of
family presence during resuscitation. American Journal of Critical Care, 23(6), pp.e88-
e96.
Zavotsky, K.E., McCoy, J., Bell, G., Haussman, K., Joiner, J., Marcoux, K.K., Magarelli, K.,
Mahoney, K., Maldonado, L., Mastro, K.A. and Milloria, A., 2014. Resuscitation team
perceptions of family presence during CPR. Advanced emergency nursing journal, 36(4),
pp.325-334.