Nursing Leadership Report 2022

Nursing Leadership

Introduction: Intensifying the Clinical performance with the understanding of aftermaths of the
teamwork, equipment, working space, tasks, workplace culture, and organization on personnel
behavior and skill and applying of that know-how in clinical settings comes under human factors
in health care. In my opinion, healthcare factors are important for the improvement in the quality
of healthcare and patient safety. The report highlights the fact that despite having the modern
equipment, excellent research and continuous research in the healthcare organization over the
developed regions of the globe, still the suffering for high levels of patient safety failures is
prevalent. Health Factors and Ergonomics (HEF) helps in addressing the physical and mental
influence that work and work conditions can be made on the work performance of healthcare
workers. As per the Institute of Medicine (IOM), patient safety has a direct influence on
medication errors, duty hours, fatigue, adverse drug events, and healthcare workers' working
condition. This study is going to throw light on those human factors that affect the work
performance of healthcare workers. A critical analysis of the relationship between human factors
and quality and safety in health care has been demonstrated with the help of this report (Mao, Jia,
& Zhao, 2015).
Human Factors Connected to Work Performance: Identification and then management of the
human factors that affect the performances in healthcare is critical for the reliable and effective
minimization of risks in the health care segment for patient safety. There are various human
factors influencing the work performance such as knowledge, skills, performance appraisal and
utilization, remuneration, benefits, rewards and recognition, staffing and working schedules,
increased workload, safety culture, workspace and environment, commitment and satisfaction,
aspects related to leadership and management styles, organizational mission and goals,
commitment and satisfaction, etc. that affects work performance (Manyisa & Aswegen, 2017).

Increased workload is one such significant factor that affects the performance of the workers.
The increased workload causes stress and fatigue in health care workers. As per Tomic and
Tomic, the employees experience the heavy workload when they are found difficulties in
fulfilling the requirements of the task delegated by the employers resulting in health problems
and burnouts by nurses affecting their performances. Al Momani explained how the long and
odd working hours cause the risk and adversely affects the health and well-being of the nurses
causing stress, fatigue, depression, chronic infections and other problems that affect the
productivity and efficiency of their work. According to Shiron workload had been found as the
major cause of dissatisfaction for the absence of involvement, burnout, and dehumanization of
patients by the health caregivers and supporting staff (Flin, Winter, Sarac, & Raduma , 2009).
Another significant factor is culture and patient safety. According to Kennedy safety culture is
another significant issue faced by health care organizations striving for improving patient safety.
Some research suggests the change in organizational culture is required for making
‘Uncomplicated to do the correct things and hard to do the wrong things'. Kohn stated that health
care organizations should develop a safety culture in such a manner that the workforce and the
design of organizational processes are focused on a specific goal. Hofmann & Mark, Naveh and
Zohar have done studies that show the assessment of safety culture in different organizations of
healthcare and it has been connected to both workers and the safety of the patient (Gurses, 2019).
Kirk has designed MaPSaF Manchester Patient Safety Assessment Framework for team works
for the self-reflection on culture for the pharmacy, primary care and hospital settings for the
assessment of safety culture as it is considered as an important factor that directly or indirectly
affects the working of the health care workers and supporting staff (WHO, 2009).

Katz Navon established that if safety is kept at high managerial priority, the lesser errors are
experienced by hospital units. According to Botwinick, the senior leaders are only responsible
for fostering the culture of work and commitment required for addressing the basic causes of
medical errors and the safety of patients. The safety culture of the health care units can highly
impact the working performance of the medical workers and staff. The more congenial the work
culture is the more convenient it gets for the health care workers to work in the health care units
that can highly affect their efficiency and effectiveness (WHO, 2009).
Another significant factor is human error due to communication, medication errors and adverse
drug events. Safren and Chapanis collected information for the various nurses and had shown the
medication errors done by them. Institute of Medicine has shown the medication error and
adverse drug events as the major cause that affects work performance. According to D.W. Bates
& Petrycki the medication errors hat times lead to adverse effects. The reason for medication
errors as per L.L.Leape occurs due to a lack of patients’ information (Fryer, 2017). According
to Cullen due to the volume of medications prescribed and administered the frequent medication
errors occur due to confusion created in communication in the urgent situations in ICU. The
human errors generally take place because of failure to follow checking procedures, written
miscommunication, transcription errors, prescriptions misfiled and at times calculation errors
done by the healthcare workers. The wrong communication at times hampers the speed of the
healthcare workers. King has explained the cause of death of Josie King is due to a lack of
communication amongst the different health care providers along with the lack of consideration
of the parent's concern of Josie King (Beyond Rewards Inc, 2016).
Patient safety is the global challenge that is being faced by the health care departments that could
be only achieved by any health care organization, pharmacy or practicing unit if the human