Empowering Nurse- Assignment

Running head: NURSING
INFECTION CONTROL (ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY)
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Infection control has been described as a discipline, which is considered with the
prevention of healthcare, or nosocomial associated infection. Infection control has been stated
to be a practical section of epidemiology. This will the primary topic of discussion in this
paper. A nurse who specializes in the prevention of the spreading of infectious agents such as
bacteria and viruses.
This essay will first discuss a brief infection control background, followed by an
annotated bibliography of two papers (qualitative and quantitative) and finally concluding the
paper.
The background will consist of the evidence-based practices associated with infection
control and its importance in nursing. The search strategy will also be discussed accordingly
stating the sources of the collected pieces of literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will
also be discussed associated with the search strategy used for the annotated bibliography.
This is the structure of the paper discussing infection control associated with nursing care.
As a background of this study, it can be stated that an infection control nurse
specializes in the prevention of infectious agent spread. Bacteria and virus are the most
deadly infective pathogens, which spreads by nosocomial infections. According to a research
study, the prevention of dangerous outbreaks and epidemics has been found to be associated
with the roles of an infection control nurse (Kuhar et al., 2018). Storr et al., (2017) stated that
a large proportion of infection control strategies devised by nurses has resolved a large
number of cases of HAI (healthcare-associated infections). According to Suleyman and
Alangaden, (2016), infection control in various hospitals is responsible for the decrease in the
prevalence of fungal infections in acute patient care wards. Thus, it can be stated that the
infection control strategy has been used in various patient wards in the prevention of
nosocomial and hospital-acquired infections. Therefore it can be stated that the prevention of

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nosocomial epidemic diseases is the primary causes for the establishment of infection control
inside a hospital.
Online database search strategy has been used for this paper since it is based on
existing research articles. CINAHL database was opened and journals associated with
infection control was searched for. Articles with primary data were collected in order to
increase the statistical significance of the annotated bibliography. The university library
(UWL) was also searched for books in order to gather information for the introductory part
about infection control. The search terms used for this paper was “Infection control”,
“Nurse”, “Hospitals”, “Acute patient wards”, “Qualitative” and “Quantitative”. These were
the search terms used for the annotated bibliography to be stated later, associated with
infection control. Papers no more than five years older (2015-2020) were used for the
annotated bibliography. Rest of the papers were excluded from the study. All other
prevention strategies have been excluded from the study, only infection control was kept as
the inclusion criteria. Both qualitative and quantitative research studies were included in the
search process. These are the overall inclusion and exclusion criteria for this study. The
primary reason for selecting these inclusion and exclusion criteria is to give the paper a
justified statistical significance and be directly linked to the topic. The next sections will
discuss the annotated bibliography of a qualitative and quantitative paper.
Newham, R. and Hudgell, L., 2015. Pressure-ulcer management and prevention in acute
and primary care. British Journal of Nursing, 24(Sup6), pp.S4-S11.
This is a qualitative study, which describes the practice of prevention and
management of pressure ulcers as a significant aspect of care. This study used a questionnaire
(open-ended questions) by using an online survey and interviews for the process of data

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collection. These interviews were transcribed and thematic analysis was used to analyse the
collected data.
The main strength of this study was that it used thematic analysis as the process of
qualitative data analysis. This paper also justified their hypothesis about the use of prevention
and management techniques for pressure ulcer. The findings have been found to show that
imposition of guidelines and policies by the management has resulted in good outcomes in
reducing the prevalence of pressure ulcer and less fragmentation of care. Although the study
began with four trusts, frequent requests and follow-ups during data collection made one trust
to be zero. The qualitative study was found to consist of a variety of answers at the extent of
responses. Few sentences have been found to compose several paragraphs however, they
were invaluable sources of data. After the study, it has been found that data saturation should
have been achieved by using survey data to form interview questions instead of using survey
data for the analysis.
The results of this study have been found to suggest a large number of actions, which
the nurse and managers take in order to improve the prevention and management of pressure
ulcers. A significantly strong focus on management was made for the prevention of pressure
ulcers for the fact that the number of patients may not always be a good indicator of staffing
levels. This is the overall conclusion of this study.
Bredesen, I.M., Bjøro, K., Gunningberg, L. and Hofoss, D., 2015. The prevalence,
prevention and multilevel variance of pressure ulcers in Norwegian hospitals: a cross-
sectional study. International journal of nursing studies, 52(1), pp.149-156.
This is a quantitative research study (cross-sectional study) which deals with the
prevalence, prevention and multiple variances of the pressure ulcers in Norwegian hospitals.

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Pressure ulcers are preventable events, which are associated with organizational differences
that influence the prevention of quality inwards and hospitals.
The main strength of this research study was that it is a cross-sectional study. This study also
identified the prevalence percentages of pressure ulcers in the study participants. Unlike the
previous study, this study directly included the inpatients of pressure ulcer in the study. This
study also successfully identified the fact that there was no significant variance at the hospital
level. However, there was a significant variance observed at the patient level. All the
advantages of cross-sectional studies are applicable to this study. This study tried to limit the
bias by using a standardized testing and training program in the Braden scale scoring.
However, this factor became the primary limitation of this research study since no groups of
target achieved 100% goal.
The overall prevalence of pressure ulcers in Norwegian hospitals has been found to be
similar to other European hospitals.
On a concluding note, it can be stated that prevention and maintenance of pressure
ulcers in hospital inpatients are very much important in healthcare systems.
Recommendations can be stated in terms of improving the infection control procedures, apart
from the existing procedures.

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References
Bredesen, I.M., Bjøro, K., Gunningberg, L. and Hofoss, D., 2015. The prevalence, prevention
and multilevel variance of pressure ulcers in Norwegian hospitals: a cross-sectional
study. International journal of nursing studies, 52(1), pp.149-156.
Kuhar, D., Pollock, D., Yokoe, D., Howell, M. and Chopra, V., 2018. Healthcare infection
control practices advisory committee (HICPAC).
Newham, R. and Hudgell, L., 2015. Pressure-ulcer management and prevention in acute and
primary care. British Journal of Nursing, 24(Sup6), pp.S4-S11.
Storr, J., Twyman, A., Zingg, W., Damani, N., Kilpatrick, C., Reilly, J., Price, L., Egger, M.,
Grayson, M.L., Kelley, E. and Allegranzi, B., 2017. Core components for effective infection
prevention and control programmes: new WHO evidence-based
recommendations. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 6(1), p.6.
Suleyman, G. and Alangaden, G.J., 2016. Nosocomial fungal infections: epidemiology,
infection control, and prevention. Infectious disease clinics of North America, 30(4), pp.1023-
1052.