Application of Leininger's Culture Care Model in relation to the case study

This article discusses the application of Leininger's Culture Care Model in relation to a case study. It explores how cultural factors influence care expressions and the holistic health approach. The importance of cultural diversity in nursing healthcare delivery is also highlighted.

Running head: NURSING
Nursing
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Application of Leininger's Culture Care Model in relation to the case study
Leininger's Culture Care Model is based on the concept of the transcultural nursing.
According to this model, different cultures have different behaviors to express caring and
diverse health and illness values. The transcultural nursing of the Leininger’s culture care
model is guided by technological factors, diverse religious and complex philosophical
factors, kingship and other social factors, cultural values and beliefs in the life-ways, political
and legal factors, economic factors and educational factors. These inter-related factors
influence the care expressions and holistic health approach (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah,
2014).
In relation to the case study, Nurse Hernandez must consider the diet plan and the
feeding habits of Mrs. Franklin-Jones while making her discharge planning. Mrs. Franklin-
Jones was found saying that she needs to learn cooking in a different way or might ask her
inmate Tomas to do the cooking in order to follow the diet plan recommended by the doctors.
Here the role of the nursing professional will be to frame the diet plan of Mrs. Franklin-Jones
in accordance with the Jamaican feeding habits under a controlled supervision of professional
dietician. This will help to reduce the headache of Mrs. Franklin Jones of learning new
cooking styles and will help to increase her faith over her cooking habits. According to Chan,
Sit & Lau (2014) transcultural nursing, guided by emotional intelligence helps to increase the
overall outcome of care via increasing the faith of the patient in his or her own cultural
values. Moreover, Cook and Brunton (2018) are of the opinion that moral emotions increase
the active participation of the patients in healthcare. If Mr. Franklin Jones is encourage to
follow her style of cooking in order to abide by the diet plan, then she will be able to follow
the proper diet more stringently. A proposal of apparent new diet has opposed Mrs. Franklin
Jones from reading the new diet chart (“I guess that I need to study those papers they gave me

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about what foods I should eat and not eat”). Encouragement of culturally competent diet will
increase interest of Mr. Franklin Jones in diet planning.
Importance of Culture Care Diversity in Nursing Health Care Delivery
According to the U.S Bureau of Census (2018), more than 30% of the population in
the U.S is composed of people from diverse ethnicities other than non-Hispanic Whites. This
significant percentage of multicultural population has increased the importance of culturally
competent nursing or trans-cultural nursing in healthcare. According to the professional
nursing standards in the U.S (, a nurse must practice in a holistic manner. The holistic nursing
practice mainly encompasses physical, psychological, social, and emotional and the spiritual
needs of the people (American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 2018). It is important that
the nurses to identity and satisfy these needs in order to deliver patient centered care, a
hallmark of nursing practice. A detailed emphasis over the spiritual, social and psychological
needs of the patient is guided by the cultural thoughts of an individual. Thus giving
importance overall the culturally diversity of the healthcare service users will help in the
promotion of holistic care approach and thereby helping to implement patient centered care.
Rathert, Wyrwich and Boren (2013) argued that at present patient centered care is an
important aspect of the care delivery approach and it helps to increase the overall outcome of
the care by giving importance to both mental and physical health.
In relation to the case study, it can be said that the culturally competent nursing will
be very effective for Mrs. Franklin-Jones. From the case study it is evident the Mrs. Franklin-
Jones lack a clear perspective about her cardio-vascular condition. She has been found
saying, “I was really surprised when I got that bad pain in my chest”. Culturally competent
nursing will help to increase her awareness about the disease and thereby helping her to abide
by the therapy and the diet plan. According to Renzaho et al. (2013), person centered care

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model incorporates culturally competence, which helps in dealing with culturally diverse
patients. It also helps in improving patient-related outcomes while promoting better practice.
The National Center for cultural competence in USA has suggested a definite framework for
cultural competence dealing with the need of the health-care systems to have a stringent set
of principles, values and policies in order to enable the nursing professionals to work-
effectively in cross-cultural environment (Renzaho et al., 2013). However, as per the
Minority Nursing Statistics (2018), the majority of the registered nurses in the U.S are
Caucasian and only 2% are registered Hispanic registered nurses. This has escalated the
importance of the culturally diverse healthcare delivery in the U.S healthcare.
Healthcare Plan Based on Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and
Universality
According to the Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality
(2010), caring is a universal process that differs based on the cultural beliefs, values and the
practices of the patients (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2014). The culturally competent care
for Mrs. Franklin-Jones will mainly encompass education was awareness about the cardio-
vascular disease with a special mention to myocardial infarction. The first education will
cover the domains of the harmful signs and symptoms of the cardio-vascular complications;
this will help her to indentify the emergency condition. The health education will be given in
presence of Tomas, her direct caregiver, with whom she stays. Carman et al. (2013) are of the
opinion that the keeping the direct care givers or family members in the health-awareness
program help the patient’s to feel comfortable and make them indulge into the health-
awareness process more attentively. It will also make Tomas to become aware of the health
condition for Mrs. Franklin-Jones. The second health awareness program will highlight the
importance of the diet plan in relation to the cardio-vascular disease. The diet plan will be

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designed in such a way that it coincides with the healthy Jamaican feeding habits and thereby
helping Mrs. Franklin-Jones to abide by healthy eating process while stickling to her cultural
values and practice. Mrs. Franklin-Jones will also be educated about how having bush tree is
not a comprehensive for fighting against cardio-vascular disease. Abiding by a proper healthy
diet plan and taking medications on time is the only approach through which cardiovascular
complications can be fought back (Chomistek et al., 2015).
Strength and Limitation of Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and
Universality
One if the strength of the Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and
Universality is, it is based on three core pillars and these include culture care prevention and
maintenance, culture care accommodation and negotiation and cultural care repatterning and
restructuring (McFarland & Wehbe-Alamah, 2014). Rathert, Wyrwich and Boren (2013) are
of the opinion that a comprehensive coverage of the cultural thoughts and values in the
nursing practice helps in improving the overall health outcome of the patients. Rathert,
Wyrwich and Boren (2013) further stated a holistic cultural approach also helps in
developing patient centered which again helps to improve the overall patient outcome.
One of the limitations of the Leininger’s Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and
Universality as highlighted by Renzaho et al. (2013) is its focus on the cultural care
repatterning and restructuring. Renzaho et al. (2013) are of the opinion that the repatterning
and restructuring of the cultural health beliefs and the daily lifestyle might hamper the
autonomy and the patient’s cultural thoughts or beliefs. This concept is mainly applicable to
the patients who are from the ethnic minority or are from the orthodox community. Renzaho
et al. (2013) stated that people who belong from the orthodox family, restructuring of their
healthcare beliefs decreases trust over the therapy planning leading to decrease in adherence.

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References
American Association of Nurse Practitioners. (2018). Professional Development. Growth in
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