Nursing Practices

This document provides study material and assignments related to nursing practices. It covers topics such as differential diagnosis, treatment, and assessment of various nursing scenarios. The document includes information on different weeks and their respective topics.

Running Head: NURSING PRACTICES
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Nursing practices
Student

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Table of Contents
Week 2 (MHD)..........................................................................................................................2
Week 3 (MHD)..........................................................................................................................2
Week 5 (MHD)..........................................................................................................................3
Week 7 (MHD)..........................................................................................................................4
Week 8 (MHD)..........................................................................................................................6
References..................................................................................................................................8

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Week 2 (MHD)
1. Questions to ask
 What food has been provided to the infant last night?
 What mother has consumed last night?
 Is mother has any allergies?
 Any infectious food has been eaten by the mother?
 Is there any medicine or drug has been taken by the mother or the infant? (Schmit,
Conway, & Allen, 2017).
2. Additional symptoms
The symptoms reported by the mother are fever and diarrhea for many days.
Diarrhea is a common issue among the toddler or infants that occurs due to the improper diet,
but chronic diarrheas or fever is the serious concern that may lead to pneumonia, which is
itself a serious issue (Schmitt, 2016).
3. Differential diagnosis
The top three differential diagnoses in this scenario are;
 Staphylococcus aureus infection
 Paediatric mal-absorption syndrome (Schiller, Pardi, & Sellin, 2017).
 Pediatric urinary tract infection (Zanoria, & Foley, 2016)
Week 3 (MHD)
1. Questions to ask
 How many times she has done the pregnancy test?
 How many types of pregnancy checker she has been used to ensure the pregnancy?

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 What was her weight last month?
 What she has consumed last night in the dinner or snacks? (Jacobs, & Kaul, 2018).
2. Assessment and treatment
There some diagnostic test that can be performed to assess the patient such as
ultrasonography radiography and computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.
The nursing assessment includes finding the site of the pain, the character of pain, onset, pain
intensity, and the duration of the pain (McKinney, James, Murray, Nelson, & Ashwill, 2017).
The treatment that can be used in this case includes; resting or lying down a while can
relieve the immediate pain, specifically, this occurred due to the Braxton hicks contractions.
Taking a warm water bath might help in relief form the lower stomach pain and cramping.
The doctor may prescribe acetaminophen for the pain (Aggenbach, Zeeman, Cantineau,
Gordijn, & Hofker, 2015).
Week 5 (MHD)
1. Additional questions to ask
 Do you have the previous prescription written by the doctors?
 Is he regularly doing exercises or not?
 How much calorie he has been consuming daily?
2. Top three differential diagnoses
Top three differential diagnoses can be applied in this case are
 Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; to monitor daily and nocturnal blood
pressure
 Thyroid tests; to evaluate hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism

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 Regular diabetes tests; to get regular information of elevation of blood sugar
that will ultimately help to maintain the raised level of blood sugar
(Daskalopoulou et al., 2015).
Treatment
 The patient will be assessed for insulin and blood pressure levels daily
 Other vital sign like temperature, pain, SpO2, and breathing rates may also be
assessed on a regular basis.
 The pain might be discussed and provide the material on the adverse effects of
unmanaged diabetes.
 Regular exercise will be recommended for the patient (Lurbe et al., 2016).
Week 7 (MHD)
1. Major Pathogens that can cause pneumonia
 Streptococcus pneumonia
 Haemophilus influenza
Other causative agents of pneumonia are;
 Staphylococcus aureus
 Moraxellacatarrhalis
 Streptococcuspyogenes
 Neisseriameningitidis
 Klebsiellapneumoniae
Some of the viruses responsible for causing pneumonia
 influenza viruses A and B

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 Para influenza
 Adenoviruses,
 The varicella-zoster virus
 Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) (Menéndez, et al., 2016).
2. Treatment of pneumonia in a normal 23 years old patient and the 63-year-old diabetic
COPD patient
The treatment for the normal young patient and the diabetic old patient is quite similar
but different in some ways. For the normal adult, the treatment might include
antibiotics, respiratory therapy, and fluids to stop the dehydration (Bassetti, Luyt,
Nicolau, & Pugin, 2016). On the other hand for the 63 years old diabetic COPD
patient the treatment might be different and include; antibiotic, steroid, nebulizers or
inhalers to help the patient breath easily (Dharmarajan, et al., 2016).
3. The antibiotics for both 23 years old and 63 years old diabetic COPD patient can be
provided intravenously but the antibiotics should be different for both depends on the
health condition
4. The pneumonia patient needs to be hospitalized is he or she develops severe
symptoms such as lungs are unable to function adequately. If the patient has important
difficulty in breathing, requires O2, or is having issues like wheezing, and not
responding to the medicines. Other symptoms should also be noticed in the
pneumonia patient such as is the patient is vomiting or cannot drink and dehydrated or
unable or take medicines by mouth (Bassetti, Luyt, Nicolau, & Pugin, 2016).
It is recommended to the patient with diabetes COPD to admit in the hospital quickly
as they recognize any symptom getting worse day by day (Dharmarajan, et al., 2016).

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Week 8 (MHD)
1. Assessment of patient
Assessing vital signs of the patient is the first interventions a nurse can provide. The
appropriate fall preventions strategy can be used for the patient and she should be encouraged
to perform routine activities of daily living independently. The patient should be motivated to
consume fluids to liquefy the pulmonary secretions and educate the patient to take deep
breathing and coughing actions to stop the atelectasis. Endorses a sense of steadiness and
supports in memory (Hesseberg, Bentzen, Ranhoff, Engedal, & Bergland, 2016). Inspire
patient to speech feelings and apprehensions about memorial loss. Inspire memories and
conversation of past occasions. A nurse should create a reliable and steady environment
which decreases misperception and frustration. Deliver emotional care and recognition of
patient’s capacities. Deliver inspiration if the patient attains even small developments. Inspire
the patient to do activities more gradually. Provide recurrent and lengthier rest times is
essential. Helping the patient for muscle movements as capable or when allowable out of bed;
perform abdominal-tightening workouts and knee curves; a flight on foot; stand on the toes
(Bodilsen et al., 2016).
2. The nursing diagnosis associated with the declined memory and physical activity
includes
 Activity tolerance
 Imbalanced nutrition; less than requirements of the body
 The localization of memory problem (Hesseberg, Bentzen, Ranhoff, Engedal, &
Bergland, 2016).
3. Treatment
Inspire patient to perform energy conservation methods, like:

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 Pushing in the place of pulling
 Sitting down when performing tasks
 Relaxing for an hour afterward meals before starting a new task
 Taking recurrent position variations
 Sliding in the place of lifting (Bodilsen et al., 2016).
Identify issues that can add to the situation, like:
 Brain damage
 Sleep deficiency
 Sensory deficiency
 Alzheimer’s sickness
 Undernourishment
 A fresh stroke
Position patient to genuineness as needed:
 Call patient by name
 Telling patient your own name
 Provide contextual information, like time, location, and date
 Familiarise patient to the environment
Inspire the patient to complete actions more gently. Offer frequent and extended rest
phases if compulsory (Tolea, Morris, & Galvin, 2016)

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References
Aggenbach, L., Zeeman, G. G., Cantineau, A. E. P., Gordijn, S. J., & Hofker, H. S. (2015).
Impact of appendicitis during pregnancy: no delay in accurate diagnosis and
treatment. International Journal of Surgery, 15, 84-89.
Bassetti, M., Luyt, C. E., Nicolau, D. P., & Pugin, J. (2016). Characteristics of an ideal
nebulized antibiotic for the treatment of pneumonia in the intubated patient. Annals of
Intensive Care, 6(1), 35.
Bodilsen, A. C., Klausen, H. H., Petersen, J., Beyer, N., Andersen, O., Jørgensen, L. M., &
Bandholm, T. (2016). Prediction of mobility limitations after hospitalization in older
medical patients by simple measures of physical performance obtained at admission to
the emergency department. PloS one, 11(5), e0154350.
Daskalopoulou, S. S., Rabi, D. M., Zarnke, K. B., Dasgupta, K., Nerenberg, K., Cloutier, L.,
& McKay, D. W. (2015). The 2015 Canadian Hypertension Education Program
recommendations for blood pressure measurement, diagnosis, assessment of risk,
prevention, and treatment of hypertension. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 31(5),
549-568.
Dharmarajan, K., Strait, K. M., Tinetti, M. E., Lagu, T., Lindenauer, P. K., Lynn, J., &
Krumholz, H. M. (2016). Treatment for multiple acute cardiopulmonary conditions in
older adults hospitalized with pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or
heart failure. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 64(8), 1574-1582.
Hesseberg, K., Bentzen, H., Ranhoff, A. H., Engedal, K., & Bergland, A. (2016). Physical
fitness in older people with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Journal of aging
and physical activity, 24(1), 92-100.

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Jacobs, M., & Kaul, P. (2018). A case of a Girl with Lower Abdominal Pain. In Adolescent
Gynecology (pp. 137-149). Springer, Cham.
Lurbe, E., Agabiti-Rosei, E., Cruickshank, J. K., Dominiczak, A., Erdine, S., Hirth, A., &
Rascher, W. (2016). 2016 European Society of Hypertension guidelines for the
management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Journal of
hypertension, 34(10), 1887-1920.
McKinney, E. S., James, S. R., Murray, S. S., Nelson, K., & Ashwill, J. (2017). Maternal-
Child Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Menéndez, R., Montull, B., Reyes, S., Amara-Elori, I., Zalacain, R., Capelastegui, A., &
Alfageme, I. (2016). Pneumonia presenting with organ dysfunctions: Causative
microorganisms, host factors, and outcome. Journal of Infection, 73(5), 419-426.
Schiller, L. R., Pardi, D. S., & Sellin, J. H. (2017). Chronic diarrhea: diagnosis and
management. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 15(2), 182-193.
Schmit, K., Conway, J., & Allen, A. (2017). Fever in Infants: Assessing Variability in Sepsis
Evaluation. In Open forum infectious diseases (Vol. 4, No. Suppl 1, p. S687). Oxford
University Press.
Schmitt, B. D. (2016). My child is sick; expert advice for managing common illnesses and
injuries. (2nd ed). US; American Academy of Pediatrics
Tolea, M. I., Morris, J. C., & Galvin, J. E. (2016). Trajectory of mobility decline by type of
dementia. Alzheimer disease and associated disorders, 30(1), 60.

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Zanoria, S., & Foley, R. (2016). Igg4 Related Disease (igg4-Rd): a Differential Diagnosis For
Fever Of Unknown Origin. In A35. CASE REPORTS IN AUTOIMMUNE LUNG
DISEASE(pp. A1380-A1380). American Thoracic Society.