Nursing Theories of Human Becoming

This article explores Parse's theory of human becoming and its application in nursing. It discusses the three structures of the theory - meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence - and how they guide nurses in caring for patients. The article also highlights the characteristics of a human becoming nurse and the strengths and weaknesses of the theory. Additionally, it discusses the challenges faced in implementing the theory and explores the relationship between Parse's theory and Roger's theory. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of nursing theories of human becoming.

Running Head: Nursing Theories of Human Becoming 1
Nursing Theories of Human Becoming
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Nursing Theories of Human Becoming
Parse’s theory of human becoming is one of the important theories in nursing. It essentially
assists the nurses to care for the sick while focusing on the quality of life patient’s lived as they
experience that challenging time. Three structures constitute the parse theory of human becoming
which includes meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence (Parse, 2003). This theory defined
meaning as the encounters and realities that one lived. Also, it described rhythmicity as rhythmical
patterns created in day-to-day life and these patterns involve relating mutually with life. While
transcendence is defined as going beyond particular limits that one has (Masters, 2015). Parse
human becoming theory includes totality paradigms which describe that human being comprise of
the biological, sociological, physiological and spiritual factor. Also has simultaneity paradigm
which describes man as a unitary being which continuously interact mutually with the
environment. This human becoming theory argues that there are universal human occurrences such
as fear, joy, hope, confidence, sorrow, anticipation and grief (Peterson & S Bredow, 2009).
The nurse could actualize Parse’s theory of human becoming by assisting to develop
strategies that will aid in caring for the patient through various stages which are meaning,
rhythmicity and transcendence. The main goal of the nurse would be to ensure that Ben recovers
quality life after the loss of his wife Ann. To achieve this goal the nurse should examine Ben
closely so as to adequately understand his perceptions and help him in realizing the goal. The three
principles in parse theory would help the nurse to take care of Ben. First, by understanding the
meaning, the nurse will be in a position to explore Ben's feelings and thoughts of the underlying
situation. Second, by harmonizing rhythm, the nurse will be able to abide by his thoughts and
feelings. Lastly by mobilizing transcendence, the nurse will be able to assist Ben to relate with the
present situation. Furthermore, the nurse will understand that Ben was in dilemma situation by

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losing his three members of the family that is Ann his wife, Jessie his daughter and Abe his
nephew, therefore, he was in a critical condition. In this situation, through transcendence, the nurse
will help Ben to realize the realities of life and help him manage sorrow and grief.
Characteristic of human becoming nurse
The following includes some of the characteristics of a human becoming nurse; one who
appreciates others as a human presence and being there for others. Should appreciate differences in
understanding of people and be proficient in a chosen area. Additionally, a person who
acknowledges the moments of happiness in life struggles and who is able to understand and apply
nursing theories and framework (Caroline Young & Koopsen , 2011). Further, human becoming nurse
turns nursing professional into facilitators this is because human becoming nurse acts as an agent
of change to enhance the quality of life. Also appreciating and taking pride in what you doing and
have a sense of attaching with others. Moreover, acknowledging mystery and be ready for new
encounters (Meleis, 2007).
Strengths
Human becoming theory distinguishes nursing from other fields.it also practices and
provides strategies of care and benefits administration. The theory also is valuable in education
and offers research methodologies. It stipulates control group also this theory does not use the
nursing procedure. This theory assumes that all people are involved in the same life framework
to direct questions of other theories. Parse theory is a multi-dimensional meaning corpora ting
information of reality through illustration of values and images (Alligood, 2014).
Weaknesses

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The human theory has hardly quantifiable outcomes because it is difficult to relate to
other research analyses and no control groups, the theory does not use the nursing processes or
diagnosis it also refutes the idea that every person utilizes a specific life experience. Moreover, it
is not accessible to the new nurses and finally, the human theory is viewed as a closed circle
(Hickman, 2006).
Challenges
There are various challenges in adopting human becoming theory while executing daily
nursing tasks. They may include financial crisis, nursing unavailability and too much biomedical
needs of patients. Also due to the shortage of nurses, they lack adequate time to explore patient’s
thoughts and feelings. Decreased number of nurses in healthcare institutions increases workload
to nurses thus making it impossible for nurses to be on patient’s bedside lack of comprehensive
record keeping that is timely and accurate. This hinders any prove that care was given to the
patient due to the lack of a complete record (Amzat & Yusuf, 2016).
Parse’s theory understanding of transcendence
Transcendence in parse theory is the third element which is led by the process of going
beyond the significance of the moment of what is yet to become (Smith & Liehr, 2003). It focuses on
dreaming about the possibilities and the plan to achieve these dreams. Nurses should direct the
individuals and family in developing the changes in health standards, concentrating on visualizing
the new possibilities. As Ann’s death became true to Ben the nurse would help ben realize these
realities by encouraging ben and being present for him by helping him with any that may arise.
Transcendence will unfold the reality of dying process which involves an ongoing series of
detachment from life which entails letting go. This will aid the nurse to help him to understand
that dying is a spiritual process. By mobilizing transcendence the nurse would accompany Ben as

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he psychologically goes beyond the limit. Also, transcendence will assist the nurse to understand
the constant transformations that he is going through.
Roger’s Theory
Roger’s science of unitary human beings would also be applied in this case study.
Rogers’s theory portrays a holistic understanding of human beings and their surroundings and
conceptualizes them as irreducible and inseparable wholes (Dossey, Keegan, & Guzzetta, 2005).
This theory demanded the nature of human beings can only be understood through evaluation of
all aspects rather than their personal aspects. Also, it is concerned with particular patterns of
human and surrounding that may result in their optimal well-being. Consequently, this theory
suggests that the objective of nursing is not the running of health problems but the advancement
of change in the path anywhere human being thinks they are going to (Sitzman & Eichelberger,
2017).
Roger’s theory has demonstrated humanistic approaches in carrying out therapies.
Roger’s theory and parse’s have simultaneity paradigm and therefore can be applied together in
the case study because both described human beings as unitary beings who interact mutually
with the rhythmical patterns to their surroundings (Slevin & Basford, 2003). Roger’s theory would
help the nurse to understand that Ben was reacting to the present environment. According to
Roger's theory, the nurse would understand that Ben may experience some psychological
maladjustment if he is in denial with the situation leading to psychological tension. Using
Roger's theory, the nurse would recognize that Ben was reacting to the underlying situation and
could not escape it. On the other hand, parse theory would help the nurse to understand that

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being gracefully present with Ben would initiate face to face conversation and in turn help him to
open up thus relieving stress and initiate healing. The two theories will help the nurse to evaluate
all aspects of life and help ben handle the situation at hand. Therefore these two theories relate
can be used simultaneously.
In conclusion, Parse’s human becoming theory is important as it helps nurses to examine
patient condition, mediate the situation and then evaluate the patient's situation. This helps in
developing plan care for the patient. The three principles in the Parse’s theory meaning,
rhythmically and transcendence guide the nurses to care for patients during critical situation as
seen in the case of Ben losing his wife Ann. However, these health institutions face various
challenges as they implement the human becoming Parse’s theory which has various weaknesses
and strengths. Also discussed is Roger’s theory which relates in simultaneity paradigm with
Parse’s theory. Roger's theory states that human and environment are inseparable.
References

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