Pathophysiology of Chronic Heart Failure

Running head: NURSING
Topic: NURSING
Name of the Student:
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NURSING1
Pathophysiology of chronic heart failure according to the case study of Trevor
There are various factors contributing to the pathophysiology of heart diseases. The
main symptom is a reduction in efficiency of the heart muscles. The limited efficiency of the
muscles of the heart is due to damage or cases pertaining to overloading. Myocardial
infraction is a specific case where the heart muscles are usually starved of oxygen which is
many times fatal. Moreover, hypertension is another cause contributing to hear failure
characterized by hypertension increasing the contraction force for pumping blood as well as
amyloidosis where there is mis-folding of proteins and the mis-folded proteins are usually
deposited in heart muscles ultimately causing stiffening of the heart muscles (Borlaug, 2014).
Regarding the current medical condition of Trevor, the impaired blood flow to
different parts of the body is evident from the limited ventricular ejection fraction. Moreover
the condition of his heart is poor due to the physiological impairment in the blood volume
ratio and tachycardia resulting from congestive artery symptoms (Sapp et al., 2016). Thus
constriction in the blood vessels would be directly linked to the increased breathing rates in
the case of Mr. Trevor. Due to constrictions in the blood vessels of the heart there is difficulty
in the circulation from the heart to all parts of the body thus requiring external measures like
introduction of stent and bypass surgeries for altering the directionality of the blood flow.
From the case study of Trevor it can be seen that he had been suffering from heart
related problems and there has been blockage of the arteries and the ventricles which caused
the incorporation of stent in the left anterior descending artery (Blazek et al., 2015). Thus his
area of blockage was protected and there was usual supply of blood and circulation
throughout his body after the implantation of stent. However, the system deteriorated after
two years and he had to undergo coronary artery bypass grafts. This was done to improve the