NITR 2500: Assignment 2A - Literature Search and Article Description

NUTR 2500: Assignment 2A - Literature Search and Article Description
Student Names/Numbers: __________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Name of Ergogenic Aid: ____________________________________________________________
*Please note that the article description must be in your own words*
Article #1
Title
Citation
(APA)
Rimer, E. G., Peterson, L. R., Coggan, A. R., & Martin, J.
C. (2016). Acute dietary nitrate supplementation increases
maximal cycling power in athletes. International journal of
sports physiology and performance, 11(6), 715.
/1
Summary
What is the dose of ergogenic aid
used?
How is the ergogenic aid tested
on performance?
What types of performance is it
tested on?
What are the characteristics of
the study participants? (number,
genders, type of athlete/training
level, ages, etc)
Supplementation by dietary nitrate has been implicated as
a potentially beneficial ergogenic aid which can enhance
performance of aerobic exercise by causing increments in
the production of nitric oxide (NO) through acceleration of
the NO3- -nitrite (NO2-)-NO pathway. Recent evidence
suggests the ability of dietary nitrate to enhance
performance of high intensity, endurance exercise due to
the vasodilatory and calcium homeostasis-associated
increased muscle contractibility effects of NO. A 7 day
chronic supplementation of beetroot juice – a rich dietary
source of dietary nitrate (containing nitrate content ranging
from 0.01 – 2.4 gm/liter) – has been found to improve
achievement of increased total work in recreational team-
sport athletes performing multiple cycling sprints. The
authors of this research aimed to perform a randomized,
double-blind, crossover, repeated measures research to
compare the 1) acute changes in optimum pedaling rate
and maximum power during maximum cycling (3-4
seconds) conducted immediately before and 2.5 hours
after consuming beet root juice depleted or rich in NO3-
and in 2) distinctions in performance after a 30 second
cycling trial of fatiguing isokinetic type (120 rpm), after
performance by trained athletes only after supplementation
with beet root juice. The study include 13 participants who
were athletes, of which 2 were female and 11 were males
with an average age of 25.9 ±7.5 years. The athlete
comprised of a variety of competitive athletic types and
levels (5 from Tennis, NCAA Division I, 2 from Alphine Ski,
NCAA Division I, 1 from American Football, NCAA Division
I, 3 from Cycling, of which 2 from USA Cycling Category 1
and 1 from USA Cycling Category 4, 2 from Triathlon,
USAT Top 15, Rocky Mountains). The athletes performed
/2

inertial load cycling trials (3 to 4 seconds) immediately
before and after consumption of NO3- rich (11.2 mmol/liter
of NO3-) or NO3- depleted (0.004 mmol/liter) beetroot juice
to evaluate optimal pedaling rate (RPMOPT) and maximum
power (PMAX). The athletes also performed maximal
isokinetic cycling (30 seconds) to evaluate differences in
performance after supplementation.
Results
Is there any impact of the
ergogenic aid on the tested
performance? How? (Be specific)
Statistical analysis (ANNOVA) reported a greater increase
in PMAX after NO rich beetroot consumption (BEFORE
consumption: 1160±301 to AFTER CONSUMPTION:
1229±317 W), as compared to nitrate depleted beetroot
juice consumption (BEFORE CONSUMPTION: 1191±298
to AFTER CONSUMPTION: 1213±300 W). No changes
were observed in RPMOPT are consumption of NO depleted
juice but an increase was observed after NO rich beet root
juice consumption. No distinctions were reported in
between the isokinetic trials of 30 seconds. Hence,
supplementation with NO3- can enhance maximal muscle
power which may be beneficial for athletes engaged in
power sports and high intensity endurance training.
/1
Limitations
What are the constraints of this
study? (Describe least 2
limitations)
 Relatively small sample size and lack of emphasis
on any one type of athletic sport or training level.
 The authors provided no comparisons between
male and female athletic performance.
 The authors did not assess plasma alterations of
NO or alternative NO biomarkers such as muscle or
breath NO.
/1
Article #2
Title
Citation
(APA)
Lowings, S., Shannon, O. M., Deighton, K., Matu, J., &
Barlow, M. J. (2017). Effect of dietary nitrate
supplementation on swimming performance in trained
swimmers. International journal of sport nutrition and
exercise metabolism, 27(4), 377-384.
/1
Summary
What is the dose of ergogenic aid
used?
How is the ergogenic aid tested
on performance?
What types of performance is it
tested on?
What are the characteristics of
Research suggests the potential of dietary nitrate to act as
an effective ergogenic aid in situations of restricted
availability of oxygen and hence, may prove to be
advantageous for swimmers due to the need to hold their
breath during performance. Hence, the following study
aimed to evaluate the ergogenic effect of nitrate
supplementation on the time-trial performance of
swimmers. The authors conducted a double blind repeated
measures crossover study, of which 10 swimmers (5
females and 5 male) consumed 140ml of beetroot juice rich
/2