Nutrition and Digestion: Role of Components, Nutritional Needs for Children, Molecules in Food, Alimentary Canal, Principles of Digestion

Nutrition and digestion
(Questions)

TABLE OF CONTENT
QUESTION 1...................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Role of each component of balanced diet .............................................................................1
QUESTION 2...................................................................................................................................2
1.2 Daily nutritional needs with specific dietary requirements for children (0-5 years).............2
QUESTION 3...................................................................................................................................2
2.1 (A) Identification of various molecules in food ....................................................................2
2.2 (B) Appropriate food sample for ketogenic diet ...................................................................3
QUESTION 4...................................................................................................................................3
3.1 Functional adaptation of alimentary canal with its structure ................................................3
QUESTION 5...................................................................................................................................4
3.2 Principles of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion .............................4
REFERENCES ..............................................................................................................................5

QUESTION 1
1.1 Role of each component of balanced diet
Balanced diet consist of various essential nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat, protein,
minerals and vitamins. These components are necessary for metabolism, growth, energy
requirements and functioning of body. The role of these components is as follow:
Carbohydrate: It provide calories which act as energy for functional needs of body and give
ability to work. This component act as energy source for various body organs and tissues. The
deficiency of this nutrient in diet can cause ketosis, fatigue, weakness and reduced energy level
in an individual.
Fat: Apart from making food tasty fat is also enriched with huge amount of energy and is helpful
in development and maintenance of cell membranes, growth and protection to organs (Mahan
and Raymond, 2016). This nutrients is also vital in transportation and absorption of vitamins.
Thus their deficiency can cause impaired functionality in cells, skin impairment and vitamin
transportation
Protein: Protein rich diet is essential for healthy life as it improves immunity and is essential for
growth. It is also used for repairing tissues and energy supply when carbohydrate is not present.
Its deficiency can result in osmotic imbalance in gastro intestinal system, weakness and muscle
cramping.
Minerals: Another component of healthy diet is mineral which ensure the effective working and
health of fluids, skeleton and soft tissues (Philip, Ferro and Tate, 2015). They also also essential
for functions such as metabolism (iodine), haemoglobin formation (iron), providing bone rigidity
and strength (calcium) and for growth and development (zinc). Their deficiency can weaken
bones, fatigue and immunity system can result in diseases related to bones and thyroid gland.
Vitamin: This nutrient is also called protective food and is vital element in the diet. These are
classified in various types such as vitamin A, D, B, K and C. Vitamins are essential for body
functions, survival, healing and tissue repairing, growth, metabolism and blood circulation.
Vitamin deficiency crucially affect health and can result in skin disorders, haematopoiesis and
impaired immunity
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