Market Analysis of General Motors (GM) in the Automotive Industry
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This report provides a market analysis of General Motors (GM) in the automotive industry, including a description of the company, market structure, and financial performance. It also discusses the role of the automotive industry in the business environment.
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INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1 MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................1 1. Description of selected company.............................................................................................1 2. Market analysis of General Motors (GM)...............................................................................2 3. Market structure of General Motors (GM)..............................................................................5 4. Considering the nature of the industry in which the firm operates..........................................6 CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
INTRODUCTION Management concept applies to one ofessential principles concerned primarily with diverse theories and models, to resolve complex market challenges(An, Zhang and Adom, 2019). Implementing this concept in corporation attempts to assess the effectiveness and productivity improvements in the very same way, to successfully lead the business. In this report, a research on the automotive industry is developed to explain its role in the business surroundings by selecting General Motors as the operating base. This company is focused because of its greatest existence in the automotive industry, in which it has enhanced its business worldwide. Towards this end, in depth analysis is carried out by analyzing the specific company's previous and contemporary role in a relevant sport. In addition, various aspects of market structure are analytically analyzed in order to suggest which one will be better for the current business in order to run corporation highly competitive. In addition, key recommendations are made, when considering social gains, for either smaller or larger government action on the development of the automobile sector. MAIN BODY 1. Description of selected company General Motorsis leading company in the world in production of 20th and early 21st century automobiles(Canonico and et. al., 2020). It runs both processing and assembly facilities, with large fulfilment centres throughout the U.S., UK, Canada and in other nations. The company's main offerings have included a wide variety of cars and industrial parts, equipment and machinery and are also involved in financialindustries. It has its head office in Detroit and was initiated under William Durant’s leadership in 1908, and originally only operates its company in the European market. In 1929, this corporation had exceeded one international company; i.e. Ford Motors Corporation isto become America's largest producer of passenger- cars. GM also since incorporated its global operations such as UK Vauxhall in 1925, then German's Adam Opel in 1929, then the Australian Holden in 1931. All these processes made General Motors the country's greatest motor vehicle Production Company in 1931.By 1941, GM produced 44% of all U.S. cars and reached the largest business corporations (Delic and Eyers, 2020). GM Motors presently conducts its operationsaround 37 countries, including Chevrolet, Buick, GMC and Cadillac, where the company's core branded vehicles. As well 1
asGM’s vehicle saleshas been managed to reach in terms of total revenue to its great achievement to around millions per year. According to the community for Motor producersand Traders, in the context of the UK market, this country generates and over 1.5 million vehicles, commercial trucks which include 3 million motors, which accounts for 9 to 11 per cent of the overall export markets. This industry also produces over £ 55bn in annual revenue, employing around 700,000 people, which provides the economic system with nearly £ 12bn of net worth. It has enabled UK a major regional competitor in the automobile industry worldwide, with a large boost from the firms running their industries across the economy. 2. Market analysis of General Motors (GM) General Motorsproduced a wide variety of cars ranging around US$ 10,000 to US$ 100,000 and alsosatisfy the demands of various market groups globally, from the medium and premium class customers. Several of General Motors' top markets are GMC,Pontiac Cadillac, Chevrolet, Hummer,GM Daewooand Opel models etc. It was common also at turn of the 21stcentury that this industry's ecosystem had to be maintained (Eiza, Cao and Xu, 2020). General Motors starts production automobiles that are more ecologically responsible and innovative its manufacture by creating vehicles that is bio-fuels, variant and fuel effective. After its founding, GM has grown to marketoftrucks,motorcycles,andothervehiclesthroughoutEurope,Asia-Pacific,Latin America, the Middle East and more in upwards of 140 nations. In 2008, this company sold more than 8.35 million cars and grew its share of the market in industrializedaswellasundevelopedcountries.Howeverasagrowthofmultinational companies have functioned their companies in the automotive industry, such as Volkswagen, BMW, Ferrari and much more, thereby enforcing General Motors to become more concerned about innovations and offering targeted audiences strong-featured transport services to maintain its dominant position(Barbier and et.al., 2019). Concentrating on identifying weaknesses, along with the industries where its competition have beaten their position, this car manufacturers concentrateis on the premium market in particular. It relates to a certain area in which competing German car manufacturers have thrived to strengthen the Cadillac product line as well as enlarge its business operations, particularly with regard to enhancing its operations and maintenance market. This growth would include its scheduled establishment on huge rear-wheel 2
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- drive sedans to introduce or remodel new Cadillac models in 2015 taking into consideration "The sense of danger appears high." GeneralMotorsaresuitabletooperateinOligopolymarketbecauseithasseveral characteristics which help in performing in this market structure (Frey, 2018). Such as few sellers are available in this market structure, entered in this market is very difficult due to some barriers, market is interdependence or also preventing advertising. Because of these features, organizations is able to perform well or achieve high profitability in the market. Income statement from the period of 2017 to 2019: Breakdown201720182019TTM Total revenue145588,000147049,000137237,000115786,000 Cost of revenue125997,000132954,000123265,000107023,000 Gross profit19591,00014095,00013972,0008763,000 Operating expenses Selling general and administrative9575,0009650,0008491,0007570,000 Total operating expenses9575,0009650,0008491,0007570,000 Operating income or loss10016,0004445,0005481,0001193,000 Interest expense575,000655,000782,000902,000 Total other income/expenses net2132,0004424,0002308,0001703,000 Income before tax11863,0008549,0007436,0001978,000 Income tax expense11533,000474,000769,000353,000 Income from continuing operations330,0008075,0006667,0001625,000 Net income-3864,0008014,0006732,0001693,000 Netincomeavailabletocommon shareholders-3880,0007916,0006581,0001522,000 Basic EPS-2.655.614.62- Diluted EPS-2.655.534.57- Basic average shares1465,0001411,0001424,000- Diluted average shares1492,0001431,0001439,000- EBITDA24699,00022873,00022336,000- Balance Sheet of General Motors: 3
Breakdown201720182019 Assets Current assets Cash Cash and cash equivalents1,55,12,0002,08,44,0001,90,69,000 Other short-term investments83,13,00059,66,00041,74,000 Total cash2,38,25,0002,68,10,0002,32,43,000 Net receivables2,86,85,0003,33,99,0003,33,98,000 Inventory1,06,63,00098,16,0001,03,98,000 Other current assets55,71,00052,68,00079,53,000 Total current assets6,87,44,0007,52,93,0007,49,92,000 Non-current assets Property, plant and equipment Gross property, plant and equipment10,32,16,00010,90,42,00010,95,04,000 Accumulated depreciation-2,40,81,000-2,67,25,000-2,86,99,000 Net property, plant and equipment7,91,35,0008,23,17,0008,08,05,000 Equity and other investments90,73,00092,15,00085,62,000 Goodwill18,57,00018,61,00018,59,000 Intangible assets39,92,00037,18,00034,78,000 Other long-term assets49,29,00057,70,00073,46,000 Total non-current assets14,37,38,00015,20,46,00015,30,45,000 Total assets21,24,82,00022,73,39,00022,80,37,000 Liabilities and stockholders' equity Liabilities Current liabilities Current debt2,69,65,0003,18,91,0003,74,00,000 Accounts payable2,39,29,0002,22,97,0002,10,18,000 Accrued liabilities2,25,96,0002,45,45,0002,32,53,000 Deferred revenues34,00,00035,04,00032,34,000 Total current liabilities7,68,90,0008,22,37,0008,49,05,000 4
Non-current liabilities Long-term debt6,72,54,0007,30,60,0006,59,24,000 Deferred revenues28,87,00029,59,00029,62,000 Other long-term liabilities1,23,94,0001,23,57,0001,31,46,000 Total non-current liabilities9,93,92,00010,23,25,0009,71,75,000 Total liabilities17,62,82,00018,45,62,00018,20,80,000 Stockholders' equity Common stock14,00014,00014,000 Retained earnings1,76,27,0002,23,22,0002,68,60,000 Accumulatedothercomprehensive income-80,11,000-90,39,000-1,11,56,000 Total stockholders' equity3,50,01,0003,88,60,0004,17,92,000 Totalliabilitiesandstockholders' equity21,24,82,00022,73,39,00022,80,37,000 Through the abovestatement, Profit and Balance sheet of General Motors shows that companyfaces a variety of financial problems but nevertheless maintains its dominant position as car industry's top automobile manufacturer. 3. Market structure of General Motors (GM) The automotive sector relates to being a great example of oligopoly market structure, whichconsistsprimarilyofonlymajorcorporations,suchasGeneralMotors(GM), Volkswagen, Ford and much more(Gollier, 2018). The effect of this oligopoly marketcan be seen on automobile market's costs, production and expansion of new models of cars. Significant work is also being completed on monopolistic behaviour in the very same area with far more implementation of compact cars in the 1950s, showing how car manufacturers collide while introducing new methane-friendly vehicles such as GM-made battery powered motor vehicles. Moreover, the market structure of oligopoly, known to become the most predominant type in the automotive sector and General Motor Company drops within this group. This company became one of the main popular automotive makers within the context of the oligopoly industry(Nadanyiova and et. al., 2019). Functioning in the oligopoly market, GM and other automobile companies benefit as interconnectivity in decision-making, particularly in 5
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price makingstrategies, since every small influence on the price of one company's vehicles also have a significanteffect on competitors.ConsequentlyGMadaptivecontrast as wellas standardized marketing method to improve significant market share. In addition to this, since there are few rivals involved in oligopoly market structureof business environment, it also strengthstoGMinmaintainingitsexistingbuyersbyaddingmorenewtechnological technologies of its luxury offerings or new vehicle designs on global market. This has been discussed at the General Motors because it is serious about manufacturing, designing and marketing the most advanced and fuel-efficient cars on the planet. This declaration of mission unites the corresponding company as a collective with a cornerstone of its customer-driven community every day. 4. Considering the nature of the industry in which the firm operates (A). Did the organization operates in different market structure: The structure of the marketplace can be characterized as features of the competitive climate during which a firm operates its business activities. This distinguishes a company in termsofmarketparticipation,businessdecision-makinginterconnectedness,elasticityor inelasticity of the goods, commodity differentiabilityetc. Generally, the market structure of the company can generallybe divided into 4 major categoriessuchas oligopoly, monopoly, monopolistic competitionand perfect market structure. Within the monopoly market, a single company gains overall effect on the price of products orservices, thus creating high obstacles to the entry and exit points of new entries. Oligopoly, on the other hand, is entirely distinct of the monopoly firm, as an area dominated by very few but big firms, such as limited competition with distinguishable or homogenous goods (PavlĂnek, 2020)Consequently, huge funding needed to invest in new companies for entry into this market that also constrains the opportunities for small firms. While greatmarketsshowthe existenceof multiplecompaniesrunning smallto medium-sized enterprises, no single company can henceforth achieve advantages when it comes to market control. Industries have the leverage to achieve high sales in the form of monopolistic markets by fixing prices for their goods under their own. Yet, owing to the low barrier to entry that enables emerging entrants to catch the imagination of customers, it cannot work on a long-term strategy. As General Motorsoperatesin the oligopoly market,this brings benefitsof fewer rivalswith large barriers to new entries. Although with changes happening in the GDP rate that 6
sometimes lead to problems facing General Motors and other vehicle manufacturers in aspects of profitability and profits retention. With regard to ideal competitiveness, shifting company in this marketplace will allow GM the ability to increase its income by selling more volume, so the total cost of making a product will be equal to the retail price relative to the actual sales itself. It isfact that, perfect market's efficiency and high competitive factor, because firms are given the opportunityto charge their product’s price with zero financial profit. (B). Suggest that greater or lesser government intervention is beneficial for society or not: As thishas been assessed that the automobile industry is among the fastest growingsectors by development in other countries, through where all the major corporations have set the progress at international basis (Sears and Lawell, 2019). Therefore, given this sector’s significant capital to sustainable development, such as the role of providing jobs in the process to both extremely medium - skilled citizens, state is expected to bring in moreinterventions. This involves providing assistance to companies working in this sector for further market growth. Throughout the background of General Motors, one of the biggest factors to its longevity though is the-present anxiety for the future of the car market, in which it has long been understood to reelthe selling dominancein a pluralityof the sportscars and full size commercialtruckssegment.Despiterisingfluctuationsinoilmarkets,alongwithminor development and fuel-efficient vehicles, GM has implemented male creativity for renewable energylaunch.In2017,GMhasexpectedtobringinmorethan500,000carswith groundbreaking transport infrastructure. In fact, General Motorsis now renovating about 70 percent of the logo to make absolutely sure it looks more attractive to its customers over its cars, who are also worried with greater energy costs and environmental concerns(Thampapillai and Ruth, 2019). Therefore, given its economic commitment to the effect of diesel vehicles on the atmosphere and position of electric vehicle engineering, it has determined that it would benefit further by receiving more funding fromtheUKGovernment.Additionally,governmentmeasuresfor fuelconservationand elimination of coal-consuming cars that emit heavy toxic smoke and stop polluting entire habitats. This also aims to push GM and its competitors to place greater emphasis on hybrid and fuel- efficient car production. It will aim to minimize automotive carbon emissions, which would have been helpful to both economic and social growth. Yet further policy restrictions on operating and 7
industrial operations, such as high tariffs on vehicle exports and imports, could limit productivity and other transportation revenues. Therefore, to resolve a very danger, it is crucial that General Motors and its rivalries put more worries with appropriate pricing strategies on the growth of fuel efficient vehicles for customers. CONCLUSION On the basis of above discussion it has been concluded that, company lacks its productive capacity such as ways of improving same could be assessed. In addition to this, awareness and value of different market structures often allow businesses to push business competitively in evaluating the field with main strategies. Throughout this study, it's also been outlined that if theyworkinoligopolymarket,itwillmakeiteasierforcompaniesoperatingwiththe automobile sector to gain and maintain longer longevity in company. This also gives them the advantagesofbeingindustryleaderbylaunchingmorevehicleversionswithdifferent technology. 8
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