Obesity and Overweight Assignment PDF
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Added on 2021-05-31
Obesity and Overweight Assignment PDF
Added on 2021-05-31
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Obesity and Overweight Epidemiology of Obesity and Overweight AuthorDepartmentUniversityLocationWord count: 1435Technical Advisor:_____________________________ _____________Dr. First Name Lastname Date
Obesity and Overweight 1IntroductionThe aim of this paper is to analyze the epidemiology of Obesity and Overweight (O&O) which has become a global epidemic. The paper will first discuss the global epidemiology, and then focus specifically on the O&O in Australia. Further, an-depth analysis of the prevalence of O&O would be provided which will look at the prevalence in both sexes and across ages. Lastly, the paper will analyze the O&O burden of disease in Australia, and its contribution to the burden of other diseases. EpidemiologyThe recent Global Burden of Disease (GBD) analysis reported that the global status of O&O is deteriorating in different nations.(1) The study assembled data from 195 countries and analyzed O&O in relation to its associated morbidity as well as mortality. This study found O&Oprevalence is going past the double results of the last analysis of 1980 which revealed the prevalence as 5% in children and 12% in adults.(1) According to the World Heald Organization, the cases of O&O have tripled since 1975.(2) The analysis reports that the number of O&O adults was exceeding the 1.9 billion (above 8 years) calculated in 2016. There were 41 million children aged below 5 years who were overweight or obese, and those aged between 5-19 were over 340 million.The 2011–2014 US survey presented the prevalence of obese as (40.2%) in adults between 40 to 59, (37.0%) in adults aged 60 and above, (32.3%) in younger adults between 20 to39, (17.0%) youths, (20.5%) adolescents between 12 to19 years, (17.5%) children between 6 to11 years, and (8.9%) children between 2 to 5 years.(3) Globally, the uppermost prevalence of world’s obesity was seen in Pacific Islands while the low rates were found in Asia.(4) The
Obesity and Overweight 2prevalence in North American and Europe countries is largely high while both the Middle East and Africa showed varying rates.(4)Obesity develops as a result of an imbalance between energy usage and its intake.(5) The imbalance leads to accumulation of fats leading to several health problems. Excess body fat causes a risk of heart disease, gallbladder, liver disease, diabetes, cancer and arthritis among others.(5) Obesity is believed to be mainly caused by high intake of energy rich foods with decreased physical activities. Other causes may include hypothalamic, genetic disorders and of endocrine.(6) People are regarded as obese if their body weight pass 20% of the ideal weight. The body mass index (BMI) is the standard criteria for measuring cases of overweight and underweight.(5) The standard level is capped at 25 kg/m2 while being obese is any BMI past 30 kg/m2.(5)Prevalence of overweight and obesity in AustraliaAustralian defines obesity as a body mass index (BMI) starting from 30 kg/m2 and above(7). A detailed conclusion has never been available due to lack of comparability in the survey methodologies which has also causes difficulties among researchers in coming up perfect summaries on the O&O prevalence in Australia.(8) The state of Australia has not yet got a systematic population health monitoring that can cover all ages and localities(8). In connection with this, there has been a confusion of the understanding of the O&O health challenges. The most recent report demonstrating the status of Australia on the prevalence of obesity is the National Health Survey conducted in 2015 (7). This survey shows that there were 63% Australian adults who were living with O&O, and about a half (28%) of this number were obese.(7) This report also showed that the number of obese men was greater than that of women.
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