Design and Implementation of a Smart Parking System

The assignment requires the design and implementation of a smart parking system, which includes creating a fully functional system that can effectively respond to customer requests. The system should consist of pillars with displays, ticket acceptance devices, and other equipment connected to a core system. It should also be able to recognize customers through cards, manage entry and exit times for security personnel, and only allow customers to enter the parking area after successful validations. The system should be connected to devices and a database via a wired intranet connection. The proposal includes a list of bibliographic references related to smart parking systems.

Running head: OBJECT MODELING
Object Modeling: Case Study of Collin’s Parking Car
Park System
Name of the System
Name of the University

OBJECT MODELING1
Table of Contents
1. System Vision Document:...........................................................................................................2
2. Analysis of Functionality:............................................................................................................5
3. Resources Required:....................................................................................................................5
4. Feasibility of the Project: Risks...................................................................................................6
5. Proposed Outcome:......................................................................................................................7
Bibliography:...................................................................................................................................9

OBJECT MODELING2
1. System Vision Document:
Problem Description: The first problem can be the malfunctioning of the sensors or the
sensors can get damaged. The sensors may not detect the car coming to the parking area. The
sensors in the control boom gates may get damaged which can cause various issues. Another
severe problem can be fault in ticket generation. The ticket generation system is s critical as it
will fetch all the information of the user and verify all the data. As there will be various checks in
the programming, there is a possibility that the code may have bugs. The system may print
different parking fee such in Normal rate (during weekend’s 10 AM to midnight) is 10 AUD per
hour but the system can print 5 AUD per hour due to some bugs. Exit barrier control pillar if get
damaged then no alternative way is present for the fixed ticket holder but to pay to the payment
station. The biggest problem of the system is the ticket system. The tickets may get torn or lost.
In this case the customer will not have anything to do but to wait for the inspection done by the
authorities.
Major System Capabilities: The system capabilities are as following.
i. The major capability of the system is to automatically carry out the fixed card
holder requests and operations
ii. The system will be consisting interfaces in the control pillars which will instruct
or inform the customers about their processes
iii. The system monitories the entry and exit of the task
iv. The system support two different types of customers
v. The system automatically generate the charge of parking based on the data stored
in the database

OBJECT MODELING3
vi. The system is connected to a secure and efficient database
Possible Business Benefits: There are various ways of making business profits from this
car parking system. The system may will have the email and phone number of the customers
who are fixed holders. The system will automatically send advertisement or promotional
contents to the customer email address or contact number. The more secure and effective the
system will be, more customers will be loyal to the parking facility. More customers will assist in
making more profits. In the interface, the system can show advertisements of other
organization’s services or products. This is a very good source of income.
Stakeholder and User Descriptions: The stakeholders of the organization are as
following.
Customer: These stakeholders park their cars in the Collin’s Parking Car Park space.
These stakeholders can be categorized into two parts such as ordinary and fixed. They pay for
parking their cars and this is the main source of income.
Owner: The owner of the system has all the power over the parking area. The owner put
resources to build, maintain and upgrade the system.
Security Companies: These organizations are in a contract with The City administration
for visit at car parking are periodically.

OBJECT MODELING4 Figure 1: The Stakeholder Map of ATM System
(Source: Created by Author)
Product Overview: The product will be a secured system which can automatically
generate ticket, accept ticket and receive charges. The system will be consisting of various
sensors connected to the central system. This system will control the pillars, interface on the
pillars, ticket generating and accepting system and the cash receiver system. The product will be
able to identify the fixed customer through their cards. It is because the database connected to the
system will have all the information regarding each of the cards. The system will have an in
build clock and calendar which can be used for deciding the charges.

OBJECT MODELING5
2. Analysis of Functionality:
The car parking system will be offering various functionality to the customers as well as
many functions will be automatic.
i. The primary function of the system will be generating or reading the cards of the
customers
ii. The system will calcite the duration of parking by identifying the time recorded in
the card and the current time
iii. The system will accept charges from the customers. If the charges are not paid
then the barriers will not allow the car to exit
iv. The system input the customer request through the interface on the pillars and
process them
v. The system process the charges to be paid by the customer based on the protocols
or conditions stored in the database
vi. The system records the entry and exit of the security personnel
From the above discussion it can be stated that the proposed system consist of all the
conventional functions that parking system must have. However, the system does not contain
something new. The system does not have sensors to identify which parking are is booked and
which is empty. The system is not connected with the video cameras or other security sensors.
The system does not connect to the customer through the email or messaging services.
3. Resources Required:
The resources that are required for the Car parking system are as following.

OBJECT MODELING6
i. Interface: the interface will show messages like ‘Press Button’, ‘Take Ticket’ and
few more. These interfaces are an source of interaction among the users and the
system.
ii. Pillars: The pillars will be the main security feature that is connected to the
system and controlled by the system. These pillars will be equipped with the
interfaces.
iii. Data Base: This database will hold all the information. The personal information
of the customers, card details, car parking related data and many more
information are stored in this database.
iv. Ticket Generator: The ticket generator is the main resource of the system. This
resource will be generating tickets for the customers so that they can park their
cars.
v. Ticket Accept Slot: At the time of exiting the user will be asked by the system to
enter the ticket. Based on this tickets, the system will calculate cost.
vi. Software: The operating systems and other additional patches and applications are
essential for making sure that the system will process all the data properly and
store it into the database.
4. Feasibility of the Project: Risks
There are various risks within the project. These risks are as following.
Low Quality Hardware: The hardware like sensors, computer, displays and many more
are not always of good quality. These hardware can get damaged or stop working during the
lifecycle of the project. Buying new hardware will increase the cost of the budget. If the

OBJECT MODELING7
hardware is damaged during the product lifecycle then it will not harm organization’s profit but
also customer satisfaction will be affected.
Unskilled Employee: In case of projects like these, having skilled staff is one of the
major factors in the project success. The developers, electronics experts and other people related
to the project must be skilled and have proper knowledge. The unskilled employees will not be
able to carry out the responsibilities and thus the project will be affected. To employ new expert
time will be needed and the schedule of the project will be harmed.
Wrong Resource Allocation: The resources that will be predicted to be required for the
project may not be shared among the activities properly. This will cause issues like extension of
time allocated for a specific task, low quality product and many more. The project manager may
not understand the complexity and requirements of the task and lead the project toward improper
resource allocation.
Cyber Threats: The system will be always under the threats called cybercrimes. The
hackers may get unauthorized access to the system and steal the data stored in it. The criminals
can also alter the functions of the system thus leading to malfunction of system.
Improper Maintenance: As the system will be consisting of various hardware devices it
needs to be maintained properly. The organization must allocate enough fund for supporting the
maintenance process. If the maintenance of the system is not done properly then various parts of
the system will not work properly. Suppose, the display will not work after one year and the
customer will not be able to interact with the system.

OBJECT MODELING8
5. Proposed Outcome:
The proposed outcome of the project will be a fully functional system that can effectively
respond to the customer request. The system will be conceiting of pillars that will be equipped
with displays, ticket acceptance device and few more devices. These pillars will be connected to
the core system so that the system can automatically control the pillars. The system will be
storing all the data into a database. The system will be able to efficiently and quickly process the
customers’ request. The system will be able to recognize the customers through the cards. The
system will not only allow the security personnel to enter into the area but also register the entry
and exit time. The system will only allow the customer to enter into the parking area only after
all the validations are successful. The system will be connected to the devices and database
through the wired intranet connection so that the system cannot be accessed from outside.

OBJECT MODELING9
Bibliography:
Pham, T. N., Tsai, M. F., Nguyen, D. B., Dow, C. R., & Deng, D. J. (2015). A cloud-based
smart-parking system based on Internet-of-Things technologies. IEEE Access, 3, 1581-
1591.
Ji, Z., Ganchev, I., O'Droma, M., Zhao, L., & Zhang, X. (2014). A cloud-based car parking
middleware for IoT-based smart cities: Design and implementation. Sensors, 14(12),
22372-22393.
Ma, T., & Mohammed, O. A. (2014). Optimal charging of plug-in electric vehicles for a car-park
infrastructure. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(4), 2323-2330.
Shoup, D. (2017). The High Cost of Free Parking: Updated Edition. Routledge.
Bagula, A., Castelli, L., & Zennaro, M. (2015). On the design of smart parking networks in the
smart cities: An optimal sensor placement model. Sensors, 15(7), 15443-15467.
Singh, H., Anand, C., Kumar, V., & Sharma, A. (2014). Automated Parking System With
Bluetooth Access. International Journal Of Engineering And Computer Science, 3(05).
Hamre, A., & Buehler, R. (2014). Commuter mode choice and free car parking, public
transportation benefits, showers/lockers, and bike parking at work: Evidence from the
Washington, DC Region. Journal of Public Transportation, 17(2), 4.
Olson, D. (2014). Information systems project management. Business Expert Press.
Chang, K. T. (2015). Introduction to geographic information systems. McGraw-Hill
Science/Engineering/Math.

OBJECT MODELING10
Kerzner, H., & Kerzner, H. R. (2017). Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Oztaysi, B. (2015). A Group Decision Making Approach Using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy AHP for
Enterprise Information Systems Project Selection. Journal of Multiple-Valued Logic &
Soft Computing, 24(5).
Burton-Jones, A., Green, P., Mazur, A. K., & Smidt, M. (2016). Exploring governance
uncertainty in a complex information systems project.