Object Oriented Analysis and Design: Features, Advantages and Disadvantages
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This report discusses the features, advantages and disadvantages of Object Oriented Analysis and Design. It also compares this methodology with other approaches available in software development.
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Running head: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Name of the Student Name of the University Author Note
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1SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Table of Contents Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3 Discussion.............................................................................................................................................3 Object oriented analysis.....................................................................................................................3 Object oriented designing..................................................................................................................4 Advantages and disadvantages of using object oriented analysis and designing................................4 Different methodologies for developing software..............................................................................5 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................7 References.............................................................................................................................................8
2SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Introduction The aim of this report is to discuss about the object oriented analysis and design. The report will describe the features of object oriented analysis and design. The advantages and disadvantages of Object analysis and design will be discussed in the report. The report will compare this methodology with the other approaches available in software development. This methodology is used for analysing and designing an application with the help of object oriented analysis and design (Valacich,George and Hoffer 2014). This uses visual modelling throughout the development life cycle and this helps in improving the communication with the stakeholders and also improves the product quality. Discussion Object oriented analysis and design is a technical approach that helps in analysing and designing a system, application or business by using the object oriented programming. This helps in improving the communication between stakeholders and also improves the product quality. Object oriented analysis and design is referred to as a way of modern software engineering and occurs in a best way in case of iterative way and incremental way (DÃaz-Varela et al. 2014). In the process of OOAD, the models are being analysed with the use of object oriented analysis and are being designed with the help of Object oriented design. Object oriented analysis The main objective of performing analysis with the help of software life cycle is to generate a model that will follow the functional requirements of a system. This requirements are independent of implementation constraints. The major difference between other forms of analysis ad object oriented analysis is that in case of object oriented approach the requirements are being organized around the objects. This requirement integrates both feature of an object that is the behaviour and the state that is being modelled after a real world object interacts with the system (Sebesta 2016). The approach followed by other methodologies focuses on two aspects separately that is the processes and data. For
3SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN example the data can be modelled with the help of an ER diagram whereas the behaviours are being determined with the help of flow charts and structured charts. The primary activities of an object oriented analysis are : ï‚·Finding the objects ï‚·Organizing this objects ï‚·Describing the way objects interact ï‚·Defines the behaviour of object ï‚·The internal factors of objects are being described The common model used in an object oriented analysis is object models and use cases. The working use case includes describing scenarios for standard domain functions that every system must accomplish (Dennis,Wixom and Tegarden2015). On the other hand object models is used to describe the class relations, names, operations and properties associated with the main objects. In order to understand the analysing phase better user interface mock-ups can be used. Object oriented designing In the time of designing, a developer applies several constraints into the conceptual model that is produced as a result of object oriented analysis. This constraint includes both hardware and software platforms, the performance requirement, limitation that got imposed due to budgets and time, usability of the system (Alshamrani and Bahattab 2015). The important phases of OOD includes designing of software architectures by applying the architectural patterns and designing the patterns with object oriented designing principle. Advantages and disadvantages of using object oriented analysis and designing AdvantagesDisadvantages This focuses entirely on data rather than on the procedures. The functionality of this process is restricted withintheobjects.Thissometimesledto problemsforthesystemwithproceduralor
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4SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN computational nature. Thisprocessincludesprinciplesof encapsulation and data hiding. This helps in developingthesysteminamoresecured manner and cannot be tampered by others. The identification of the object with optima system design becomes difficult. It offers an effective management of software complexity by the use of modularity. The communication between the objects and system cannot be displayed with the use of object oriented model The process offers upgradation from small to large system with a great ease. Theinterfaceswithintheobjectscannotbe representedeasilywiththeuseofsingle diagram. Different methodologies for developing software The software lifecycle is basically divided into different stages. This stages starts from abstract, describing the type of problem to designing then comes coding ad testing and finally deployment. There are several process for software development life cycle. One of the common approach for developing a software is known as waterfall model. This is termed as waterfall model as these life cycle gets executed in a sequential format and follows one direction.
5SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN Figure 1: Waterfall model Source: (Wachowicz 2014) Second approach for software life cycle is the iterative model. This simply starts with implementation of a subset of software requirements and gets enhanced iteratively until the full system is being implemented. This process is also referred to as evolutionary acquisition approach. Figure 2: iterative model Source: (Abrahamsson et al. 2017)
6SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN This is possible to implement object oriented development with the help of waterfall model. However, maximum object oriented systems are developed with iterative approach. This results the process of object oriented process to be a process that will include both analysing and designing at the same time. Object oriented paradigm focuses on reusability and modularity. The aim of using object oriented approach is to follows the open closed principle (Abrahamsson et al. 2017). A module used in developing a software is considered to be open when it support extension. The module should also support adding new features to the object used. Conclusion From the above report it can be concluded that object oriented analysis and designing is better than other methodology as it helps to maintain and modify the existing code and creates an all-new code with new objects. Object oriented analysis and design is referred to as a way of modern software engineering and occurs in a best way in case of iterative way and incremental way. The report has successfully discussed the importance of object oriented analysis and designing. The two different methodologies are being described in the report apart from object oriented analysis and design. The main advantages and disadvantages associated with the use of object oriented analysis and design are being discussed in brief. This methodology is used for analysing and designing an application with the help of object oriented programming. Thus, Object oriented analysis and design offers a better way of designing a system.
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7SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN References Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development methods: Review and analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439. Alshamrani, A. and Bahattab, A., 2015. A comparison between three SDLC models waterfall model, spiral model, and Incremental/Iterative model. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 12(1), p.106. Dennis, A., Wixom, B.H. and Tegarden, D., 2015. Systems analysis and design: An object-oriented approach with UML. John wiley & sons. DÃaz-Varela, R.A., Zarco-Tejada, P.J., Angileri, V. and Loudjani, P., 2014. Automatic identification ofagriculturalterracesthroughobject-orientedanalysisofveryhighresolutionDSMsand multispectralimageryobtainedfromanunmannedaerialvehicle.Journalofenvironmental management, 134, pp.117-126. Sebesta, R.W., 2016. Concepts of programming languages. Valacich, J., George, J. and Hoffer, J., 2014. Essentials of systems analysis and design. Prentice Hall Press. Vijayasarathy, L.R. and Butler, C.W., 2016. Choice of software development methodologies: Do organizational, project, and team characteristics matter?. IEEE software, 33(5), pp.86-94. Wachowicz, M., 2014. Object-oriented design for temporal GIS. CRC Press.