Observational learning Assignment PDF
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Added on 2021-06-17
Observational learning Assignment PDF
Added on 2021-06-17
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Running head: OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING- PROJECT PROPOSAL 1Observational Learning- Project ProposalStudent’s NameInstitutional Affiliation
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING- PROJECT PROPOSAL 2Observational Learning- Project ProposalIntroductionObservational learning involves studying through observation where kids and adults learnand acquire new behaviors. It is a continuous process that is automatically initiated at birth and apowerful learning tool and particularly to kids whose minds are blank in the early ages. A childinteracting with peers is attentive to what is new and in return tries to behave the same way. Forthis reason, adults, have the sole responsibility of jumping in and modeling the behaviors ofthese innocent minds. Observational learning theories propose two basic approaches throughwhich behavior is learned. First is the instrumental training where tutors explicitly attempt toillustrate their responses through differential reinforcements. Secondly, is the imitation whereeither the observers or the learners attempt to match their responses to those of the doer.Imitation occurs without any direct tuition and constitutes the major part of child’s socialization(Bandura et al., 1961). This paper aims at evaluating how behavioral theory helps in explaininghow kids exposed to aggressive and violent video games are likely to acquire the same set ofbehavior as compared to kids who do not play the games.Theoretical framework Observational learning is best demonstrated by how kids listen to their mother’s voiceand in return try and mimic the sounds. As a renowned researcher, Albert Bandura modeled anexperiment, the Bobo doll experiment, where he illustrated how children learn and acquire newtraits through observation. In his experiment, children were exposed to an aggressive video gameand in the practical field, a child aggressively hit and kicked the Bobo doll in the same way asthe young woman in the movie. Other than observing and re-doing, he integrated the cognitiveand operant view when it comes to learning. Bandura suggests that observational learning
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING- PROJECT PROPOSAL 3encompasses four steps in the pattern. These include attention, retention, reproduction, andmotivation. This is to say that a learner will first notice something happening and in return willpay attention to it, they will then note and remember the action for them to replicate the same(Williams and Skoric, 2005).Traditional learning theories demonstrate behavior as related to experientialreinforcements. However, Bandura notes that ”virtually all learning phenomena resulting fromdirect experiences can occur on a vicarious basis through observation of people’s behavior andits consequences for them” (Bandura et al., 1963). This is to mean that observers easily acquirebehaviors by example without much of tedious trials and similarly, people inhibit certainbehavior subject to the observed punishment imposed to others for their actions. According to Bandura, almost every behavior that people portray is either deliberately orinadvertently learned through example. The positive side about this theory is that a dangerousmistake can be avoided by employing competent models from which language and novelresponse patterns can be acquired in a more efficient manner through observational means. Asmentioned above, the process involved attention, retention, reproduction, reinforcement andmotivational processes. How well something is done determines how best the observers willimitate the same (Fraser et al., 2012). Observational learning involves the transmission of information and character regardingmethods of organizing component responses into new patterns of behavior. Physicaldemonstrations serve as the best ways of acquiring novel responses pattern by the observers.There is a clear distinction between adult and children with regard to observational learning.Adults have developed excellent language and communication skills and as such, they rely onand prefer verbal modeling, children, on the other hand, have limited language skills and for that
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