Occupational Health Management Plan for British Petroleum Refinery
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AI Summary
This report focuses on developing an occupational health management plan for British Petroleum Refinery, addressing the critical issue of chemical hazard explosions. It analyzes the workplace demography, assesses risks, reviews relevant literature, and proposes a comprehensive management plan, including emergency response procedures. The plan emphasizes risk assessment, control measures, and continuous training to ensure a safe and healthy working environment.
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Occupational Health Management Plan
i
i
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Executive Summary
Occupational health and safety are defined as the multidisciplinary field that is mainly
concerned with maintaining the safety, health, and welfare of people at work so that
they may deliver the quality of services in the setting. The staffs, workers, and
employers are the key parties at the workplace that would get affected by the key
issue i.e. explosion of chemical hazards in the refinery organization.
In order to minimize the occupational health hazard, current management of British
Petroleum focuses on undertaking effective control measures such as indulging in the
changing process or activity so that the dangerous substance is not used or is not
generated along with providing training related with the equipment so that it may not
lead to a hazardous situation.
ii
Occupational health and safety are defined as the multidisciplinary field that is mainly
concerned with maintaining the safety, health, and welfare of people at work so that
they may deliver the quality of services in the setting. The staffs, workers, and
employers are the key parties at the workplace that would get affected by the key
issue i.e. explosion of chemical hazards in the refinery organization.
In order to minimize the occupational health hazard, current management of British
Petroleum focuses on undertaking effective control measures such as indulging in the
changing process or activity so that the dangerous substance is not used or is not
generated along with providing training related with the equipment so that it may not
lead to a hazardous situation.
ii
CONTENTS
Executive Summary....................................................................................................... ii
Industry or organisation name........................................................................................2
An introduction.............................................................................................................. 2
Definitions......................................................................................................................2
Workplace demography.................................................................................................2
Assessment of risk..........................................................................................................3
Critical review of relevant literature.............................................................................. 4
Management Plan...........................................................................................................5
Emergency Response.....................................................................................................6
Evaluation...................................................................................................................... 7
Conclusion......................................................................................................................7
References...................................................................................................................... 8
1
Executive Summary....................................................................................................... ii
Industry or organisation name........................................................................................2
An introduction.............................................................................................................. 2
Definitions......................................................................................................................2
Workplace demography.................................................................................................2
Assessment of risk..........................................................................................................3
Critical review of relevant literature.............................................................................. 4
Management Plan...........................................................................................................5
Emergency Response.....................................................................................................6
Evaluation...................................................................................................................... 7
Conclusion......................................................................................................................7
References...................................................................................................................... 8
1
Industry or organisation name
The selected organization for the proposal is British Petroleum Refinery one of the
leading company in the oil and gas industry. The cited company focuses on keeping
its employees and contractors safe and alert from the potential hazards arises at their
workplace (Howard, 2017).
An introduction
In the present environment, workers in all the industries are exposed towards different
hazards that would lead to a negative impact on the health of an individual. It has
been frequently identified that there are numerous of hazards comprising of tasks
related to working at height, chemicals, housekeeping, electrical, forklifts,
lockout/tagout and confined spaces (Mills, C. 2016). Therefore, to overcome the
situation of health hazards at the workplaces organizations are required to implement
policies associated with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
The selected emergency issue in the cited refinery organization is associated with the
explosion of chemical hazards after affect the environment and overall health of the
individual staffs. The purpose of the report focuses on identifying the key hazard that
arises within the workplace. Along with detailing the hazards, it will further focus on
devising the risk management plan through which occupational health issue can be
overcome.
Definitions
Occupational health and safety are defined as the multidisciplinary field that is mainly
concerned with maintaining the safety, health, and welfare of people at work so that
they may deliver the quality of services in the setting (Ives, 2017). The staffs,
workers, and employers are the key parties at the workplace that would get affected
by the key issue i.e. explosion of chemical hazards in the refinery organization.
Workplace demography
The physical area or refinery unit of British Petroleum has mainly occupied in a large
area as the unit have giant machines that extract and refine oil from petroleum. The
demography at the workplace mainly comprises of the adults and physically fit
persons that can impart services over the machines and vessels. All the workers
working in the refinery section are male as the working activities require physical
fitness to lift the forks and other equipment so that activities may be easily
accomplished. However, the workers imparting services in BP are experienced to
work in an extreme and hazardous situation (Haslam et al. 2016). The length of
2
The selected organization for the proposal is British Petroleum Refinery one of the
leading company in the oil and gas industry. The cited company focuses on keeping
its employees and contractors safe and alert from the potential hazards arises at their
workplace (Howard, 2017).
An introduction
In the present environment, workers in all the industries are exposed towards different
hazards that would lead to a negative impact on the health of an individual. It has
been frequently identified that there are numerous of hazards comprising of tasks
related to working at height, chemicals, housekeeping, electrical, forklifts,
lockout/tagout and confined spaces (Mills, C. 2016). Therefore, to overcome the
situation of health hazards at the workplaces organizations are required to implement
policies associated with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).
The selected emergency issue in the cited refinery organization is associated with the
explosion of chemical hazards after affect the environment and overall health of the
individual staffs. The purpose of the report focuses on identifying the key hazard that
arises within the workplace. Along with detailing the hazards, it will further focus on
devising the risk management plan through which occupational health issue can be
overcome.
Definitions
Occupational health and safety are defined as the multidisciplinary field that is mainly
concerned with maintaining the safety, health, and welfare of people at work so that
they may deliver the quality of services in the setting (Ives, 2017). The staffs,
workers, and employers are the key parties at the workplace that would get affected
by the key issue i.e. explosion of chemical hazards in the refinery organization.
Workplace demography
The physical area or refinery unit of British Petroleum has mainly occupied in a large
area as the unit have giant machines that extract and refine oil from petroleum. The
demography at the workplace mainly comprises of the adults and physically fit
persons that can impart services over the machines and vessels. All the workers
working in the refinery section are male as the working activities require physical
fitness to lift the forks and other equipment so that activities may be easily
accomplished. However, the workers imparting services in BP are experienced to
work in an extreme and hazardous situation (Haslam et al. 2016). The length of
2
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employment in the workplace is about 60 years after that work will be retired from the
services as they would be unable to handle the hazardous material and substances.
With the help of addressing the workplace demography, it has been assessed that
staffs and employees are highly exposed to the risk of chemicals as they have to
monitor and transfer the chemical substances to the other vessel from time to time.
Therefore, leakage of the chemical substances in the refinery unit of British Petroleum
will be considered a hazardous situation that impacts the health and safety of the
individual.
Assessment of risk
From the above identification of hazardous activity, it has been assessed that it act as
major risk problem for the environment and staffs working in the workplace as the
explosion of chemical gases may lead to polluting the air and through which it affects
the overall health of staffs as the inhale the contaminated air. However, it has been
assessed that the related risk exposure is an outcome of the work practices of staffs
(Avramović et al. 2018). While heating and hot work equipment are generally defined
as the biggest problems that lead to the explosion of gases as heating the equipment
lead to the hole in container or chemical pipeline that lead the situation of hazard.
However, the explosion of chemical gas is defined as an occupational health and
safety issue that overall affect the workplace and working condition. It has been also
considered that with the explosion of chemical substances, it can cause acute or long
term health effects that further impact the operation of British Petroleum. In addition
to this, risks also include losing consciousness following the inhalation of toxic
fumes, Asthma, along with the skin burns or irritation caused by contact of chemical.
All these risks were assessed by carrying out the chemical hazard risk assessment
process that mainly focuses on addressing different queries associated with
identifying the chemical substances or raw material that is emitted by the refining
process (Hamja et al. 2017). Another step in the process focuses on reviewing the
harm and its negative impact on the staffs and working practices. The third step will
focus on addressing the activities that can give rise to the exposure activities so that
management must engage in the practices that lead to overcoming the situation of
risk. The last step in the process will also focus on ways through which risks are
controlled so that it might not lead to raise the situation of hazards.
In order to overcome the situation of hazard, it has been stated that there are key legal
requirements and ethical considerations that needed to be implemented by British
3
services as they would be unable to handle the hazardous material and substances.
With the help of addressing the workplace demography, it has been assessed that
staffs and employees are highly exposed to the risk of chemicals as they have to
monitor and transfer the chemical substances to the other vessel from time to time.
Therefore, leakage of the chemical substances in the refinery unit of British Petroleum
will be considered a hazardous situation that impacts the health and safety of the
individual.
Assessment of risk
From the above identification of hazardous activity, it has been assessed that it act as
major risk problem for the environment and staffs working in the workplace as the
explosion of chemical gases may lead to polluting the air and through which it affects
the overall health of staffs as the inhale the contaminated air. However, it has been
assessed that the related risk exposure is an outcome of the work practices of staffs
(Avramović et al. 2018). While heating and hot work equipment are generally defined
as the biggest problems that lead to the explosion of gases as heating the equipment
lead to the hole in container or chemical pipeline that lead the situation of hazard.
However, the explosion of chemical gas is defined as an occupational health and
safety issue that overall affect the workplace and working condition. It has been also
considered that with the explosion of chemical substances, it can cause acute or long
term health effects that further impact the operation of British Petroleum. In addition
to this, risks also include losing consciousness following the inhalation of toxic
fumes, Asthma, along with the skin burns or irritation caused by contact of chemical.
All these risks were assessed by carrying out the chemical hazard risk assessment
process that mainly focuses on addressing different queries associated with
identifying the chemical substances or raw material that is emitted by the refining
process (Hamja et al. 2017). Another step in the process focuses on reviewing the
harm and its negative impact on the staffs and working practices. The third step will
focus on addressing the activities that can give rise to the exposure activities so that
management must engage in the practices that lead to overcoming the situation of
risk. The last step in the process will also focus on ways through which risks are
controlled so that it might not lead to raise the situation of hazards.
In order to overcome the situation of hazard, it has been stated that there are key legal
requirements and ethical considerations that needed to be implemented by British
3
Petroleum. It has been addressed that COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to
Health Regulations 2002) guideline needed to be taken into consideration for
managing the hazardous and chemical explosion in the setting (Amponsah-Tawiah &
Mensah, 2016). COSHH guideline clearly set out the simple step-by-step approach
that will help the occupational health executive or health and safety executive in
assessing the risks, implementing the required measures to control the exposure so
that it results in building good working practices in the setting.
Apart from this, for managing the hazardous activity i.e. explosion of chemical
substances it has been assessed that management of British Petroleum focuses on
implementing certain changes in their practices i.e. implementation of more
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for increasing the level of
inspection and enforcement at the oil refineries and chemical plant so that it may
overcome the level of explosion (Kim et al. 2016).
Critical review of relevant literature
In the present environment, employers and self-employed individuals have distinct
duties define under the health and safety law to evaluate the hazards and risks in the
workplace. As per the view of Howard (2017), risk assessment forms have been
required for stating the Safety Statement within the workplaces so that they minimize
the level of hazard within the workplace. In addition to this, for managing the
hazardous issue in BP it has been identified that it focuses on maintaining health and
safety policy that mainly focuses on providing a safe and effective environment
without attaining the situation of risk towards the health perspective. On the other
hand, Mills (2016) has stated that with the Health and Safety Policy it allows the
employer to provide appropriate equipment and facilities to the employees so that
they may perform their duties in a safe manner. Contrary to this Ives (2017), has
assessed that BP employees and contractors are required to adopt the quality and safe
working practices within the premises so that it may not impact the activities of staffs.
While it also allows the employees to report the unsafe working practices to the
management so that they should take necessary action to avoid the threat and
hazardous activities (Haslam et al. 2016).
Apart from this, for successfully managing the issues it has been identified that British
Petroleum focuses on undertaking the OSHA-NIOSH (Occupational Safety and
Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
it focuses on undertaking the extensive resources on safeguarding that BP and its
4
Health Regulations 2002) guideline needed to be taken into consideration for
managing the hazardous and chemical explosion in the setting (Amponsah-Tawiah &
Mensah, 2016). COSHH guideline clearly set out the simple step-by-step approach
that will help the occupational health executive or health and safety executive in
assessing the risks, implementing the required measures to control the exposure so
that it results in building good working practices in the setting.
Apart from this, for managing the hazardous activity i.e. explosion of chemical
substances it has been assessed that management of British Petroleum focuses on
implementing certain changes in their practices i.e. implementation of more
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for increasing the level of
inspection and enforcement at the oil refineries and chemical plant so that it may
overcome the level of explosion (Kim et al. 2016).
Critical review of relevant literature
In the present environment, employers and self-employed individuals have distinct
duties define under the health and safety law to evaluate the hazards and risks in the
workplace. As per the view of Howard (2017), risk assessment forms have been
required for stating the Safety Statement within the workplaces so that they minimize
the level of hazard within the workplace. In addition to this, for managing the
hazardous issue in BP it has been identified that it focuses on maintaining health and
safety policy that mainly focuses on providing a safe and effective environment
without attaining the situation of risk towards the health perspective. On the other
hand, Mills (2016) has stated that with the Health and Safety Policy it allows the
employer to provide appropriate equipment and facilities to the employees so that
they may perform their duties in a safe manner. Contrary to this Ives (2017), has
assessed that BP employees and contractors are required to adopt the quality and safe
working practices within the premises so that it may not impact the activities of staffs.
While it also allows the employees to report the unsafe working practices to the
management so that they should take necessary action to avoid the threat and
hazardous activities (Haslam et al. 2016).
Apart from this, for successfully managing the issues it has been identified that British
Petroleum focuses on undertaking the OSHA-NIOSH (Occupational Safety and
Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health)
it focuses on undertaking the extensive resources on safeguarding that BP and its
4
workers provide safe working situations to the thousands of workers involved in the
response of managing the chemical substances (British Petroleum, 2018). With
reviewing all the policies and interventions for overcoming the hazardous situation it
has been stated that it significantly support in managing the business practices of BP
operating in the different countries.
Current management/ control measures in place and its effect
In order to minimize the occupational health hazard, current management of British
Petroleum focuses on undertaking effective control measures such as-
Indulging in the changing process or activity so that the dangerous substance is not
used or is not generated
Isolation to disperse the hazardous substances from the workers
The management or supervisor ensures safe working practices and actions to
minimise the level of contamination so that it may not affect the overall health status
of individuals.
Control measure also includes undertaking Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
within the firm so that they provide facemasks, gloves, protective clothing, etc. to the
customers.
Management Plan
For managing the successful hazard and associated risk within the British Petroleum
management has focused on proposing the strategy associated with building an
efficient team of experts. With the expertise team, it will significantly assist in
monitoring and reviewing the chemical pipes so that it may not lead to attaining the
situation of hazard (Health and Safety Authority, 2004). In addition to this, the
proposed strategy will also allow expertise in managing and devising the new ways
for minimizing the risks.
The management of British Petroleum will be required to undertake a risk assessment
process through which they can easily address the risks associated with an explosion
in the workplace. As per the view of Avramović et al. (2018), there are certain stages
for managing the risk such as acceptance, avoidance, transference, mitigation or
exploitation. The first step will focus on the acceptance stage where management
accepts the risk and focuses on certain activities to deal with the rice. On the other
hand, another feature of risk is associated with avoiding the risk by changing their
plan so that it may ensure a large impact on the project. The fourth step is associated
with the transfer of risk that is done by providing the new tools and equipment for
5
response of managing the chemical substances (British Petroleum, 2018). With
reviewing all the policies and interventions for overcoming the hazardous situation it
has been stated that it significantly support in managing the business practices of BP
operating in the different countries.
Current management/ control measures in place and its effect
In order to minimize the occupational health hazard, current management of British
Petroleum focuses on undertaking effective control measures such as-
Indulging in the changing process or activity so that the dangerous substance is not
used or is not generated
Isolation to disperse the hazardous substances from the workers
The management or supervisor ensures safe working practices and actions to
minimise the level of contamination so that it may not affect the overall health status
of individuals.
Control measure also includes undertaking Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
within the firm so that they provide facemasks, gloves, protective clothing, etc. to the
customers.
Management Plan
For managing the successful hazard and associated risk within the British Petroleum
management has focused on proposing the strategy associated with building an
efficient team of experts. With the expertise team, it will significantly assist in
monitoring and reviewing the chemical pipes so that it may not lead to attaining the
situation of hazard (Health and Safety Authority, 2004). In addition to this, the
proposed strategy will also allow expertise in managing and devising the new ways
for minimizing the risks.
The management of British Petroleum will be required to undertake a risk assessment
process through which they can easily address the risks associated with an explosion
in the workplace. As per the view of Avramović et al. (2018), there are certain stages
for managing the risk such as acceptance, avoidance, transference, mitigation or
exploitation. The first step will focus on the acceptance stage where management
accepts the risk and focuses on certain activities to deal with the rice. On the other
hand, another feature of risk is associated with avoiding the risk by changing their
plan so that it may ensure a large impact on the project. The fourth step is associated
with the transfer of risk that is done by providing the new tools and equipment for
5
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managing the activities (Hamja et al. 2017). However, the fifth stage focuses on
mitigation of the risk that is done with the implementation of activities and techniques
so that management of BP easily overcome the risk of occupational hazard (DBP
Management, 2014). The last step in the framework will focus on the exploitation of
risk that is done through implementing the equipment so that in case of leakage of
chemical substance equipment will alert the supervisor and health & safety personnel
for overcoming the situation of hazard. In regard to this, constant training within 6
months will be provided to the staffs so that they may perform their activities in a
proper manner without harming oneself.
Emergency Response
Organisation
Name
Contact Title Phone number
State Emergency
Services (SES)
Emergency staffs XYZ +44 1189600000
Police Inspectors and sub
inspectors
XYZ +442589606300
Fire Fire staffs XYZ +44 1189006300
Ambulance Nurse XYZ 999 and 112
In the situation of explosion of chemical substances at the workplace, management
would engage in undertaking emergency response so that they can easily manage the
unwanted and harmful situation.
6
mitigation of the risk that is done with the implementation of activities and techniques
so that management of BP easily overcome the risk of occupational hazard (DBP
Management, 2014). The last step in the framework will focus on the exploitation of
risk that is done through implementing the equipment so that in case of leakage of
chemical substance equipment will alert the supervisor and health & safety personnel
for overcoming the situation of hazard. In regard to this, constant training within 6
months will be provided to the staffs so that they may perform their activities in a
proper manner without harming oneself.
Emergency Response
Organisation
Name
Contact Title Phone number
State Emergency
Services (SES)
Emergency staffs XYZ +44 1189600000
Police Inspectors and sub
inspectors
XYZ +442589606300
Fire Fire staffs XYZ +44 1189006300
Ambulance Nurse XYZ 999 and 112
In the situation of explosion of chemical substances at the workplace, management
would engage in undertaking emergency response so that they can easily manage the
unwanted and harmful situation.
6
Procedu
res
Brief outline of
procedures
Evacuation
point/
address
Reference to
full procedure
document
Supporting
documentati
on
Fire or
explosio
n of
Evacuati
on
Procedur
e
Alert people of the
immediate area to get
out from the area where
the explosion of
chemical substances
had taken place.
Confine the
contaminated air by
closing doors or
reducing the intensity of
chemical through other
substances
Backside of
the unit gate
The Fire and
emergency
procedures.doc
can be found on
the shared drive
under the
'Emergency'
folder. A printed
copy is also
located in the
main filing
cabinet
Map of
evacuation
locations
Evaluation
From the above implementation of the proposed strategy, it has been evaluated that
the building of expertise team has effectively supported the British Petroleum
company in managing their activities. With the team building strategy, it ensures a
positive outcome in terms of reducing and overcoming the hazardous situation. In
addition to this, considering the risk assessment plan it has been evaluated that it will
successfully engage in implementing the different activities and steps.
In order to monitor and evaluate the success of the plan, management of British
Petroleum focuses on implementing the different methods/tools such as surveying the
staffs, reviewing the prevalence or ratio of the workplace injuries caught by the other
staffs.
Conclusion
From the above assignment, it has been summarized that the organisation and the
management plan is effective in overcoming the situation occupational hazards so that
it might not lead to impact the overall health and wellbeing of individuals. With
undertaking the risk assessment process management of BP will emphasise on
different activities that positively assist in mitigating the risk.
7
res
Brief outline of
procedures
Evacuation
point/
address
Reference to
full procedure
document
Supporting
documentati
on
Fire or
explosio
n of
Evacuati
on
Procedur
e
Alert people of the
immediate area to get
out from the area where
the explosion of
chemical substances
had taken place.
Confine the
contaminated air by
closing doors or
reducing the intensity of
chemical through other
substances
Backside of
the unit gate
The Fire and
emergency
procedures.doc
can be found on
the shared drive
under the
'Emergency'
folder. A printed
copy is also
located in the
main filing
cabinet
Map of
evacuation
locations
Evaluation
From the above implementation of the proposed strategy, it has been evaluated that
the building of expertise team has effectively supported the British Petroleum
company in managing their activities. With the team building strategy, it ensures a
positive outcome in terms of reducing and overcoming the hazardous situation. In
addition to this, considering the risk assessment plan it has been evaluated that it will
successfully engage in implementing the different activities and steps.
In order to monitor and evaluate the success of the plan, management of British
Petroleum focuses on implementing the different methods/tools such as surveying the
staffs, reviewing the prevalence or ratio of the workplace injuries caught by the other
staffs.
Conclusion
From the above assignment, it has been summarized that the organisation and the
management plan is effective in overcoming the situation occupational hazards so that
it might not lead to impact the overall health and wellbeing of individuals. With
undertaking the risk assessment process management of BP will emphasise on
different activities that positively assist in mitigating the risk.
7
References
Amponsah-Tawiah, K., & Mensah, J. (2016). Occupational health and safety
and organizational commitment: Evidence from the Ghanaian mining
industry. Safety and Health at work, 7(3), 225-230.
Avramović, J., Veličković, A., & Veljković, V. (2018). Challenges in
biodiesel industry: Socio-economic, occupational health, and policy
issues. Safety Engineering, 8(2), 79-83.
British Petroleum, (2018). BP ANZ Health and Safety Policy. [Online].
Available through:
<https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-country/en_au/products-services/
procurement/health-safety-policy.pdf>. [Accessed on 6th June 2019].
DBP Management, (2014). 5 Ways To Manage Risk. [Online]. Available
through: <http://www.dbpmanagement.com/15/5-ways-to-manage-risk>.
[Accessed on 6th June 2019].
Hamja, A., Hossain, A., Maalouf, M. M., & Hasle, P. (2017). A review paper
on Lean and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in RMG industry.
In International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable
Energy 2017.
Haslam, C., O’Hara, J., Kazi, A., Twumasi, R., & Haslam, R. (2016).
Proactive occupational safety and health management: Promoting good health
and good business. Safety science, 81, 99-108.
Health and Safety Authority, (2004). Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazards.
[Online]. Available through: <
www.hsa.ie/eng/Your_Industry/Chemicals/Legislation.../Chemical.../
Risk_Assessment/>. [Accessed on 6th June 2019].
Howard, J. (2017). Nonstandard work arrangements and worker health and
safety. American journal of industrial medicine, 60(1), 1-10.
Ives, J. H. (2017). The export of hazard: Transnational corporations and
environmental control issues. Routledge.
Kim, Y., Park, J., & Park, M. (2016). Creating a culture of prevention in
occupational safety and health practice. Safety and health at work, 7(2), 89-96.
Mills, C. (2016). Regulating health and safety in the British mining industries,
1800–1914. Routledge.
8
Amponsah-Tawiah, K., & Mensah, J. (2016). Occupational health and safety
and organizational commitment: Evidence from the Ghanaian mining
industry. Safety and Health at work, 7(3), 225-230.
Avramović, J., Veličković, A., & Veljković, V. (2018). Challenges in
biodiesel industry: Socio-economic, occupational health, and policy
issues. Safety Engineering, 8(2), 79-83.
British Petroleum, (2018). BP ANZ Health and Safety Policy. [Online].
Available through:
<https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp-country/en_au/products-services/
procurement/health-safety-policy.pdf>. [Accessed on 6th June 2019].
DBP Management, (2014). 5 Ways To Manage Risk. [Online]. Available
through: <http://www.dbpmanagement.com/15/5-ways-to-manage-risk>.
[Accessed on 6th June 2019].
Hamja, A., Hossain, A., Maalouf, M. M., & Hasle, P. (2017). A review paper
on Lean and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) in RMG industry.
In International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Renewable
Energy 2017.
Haslam, C., O’Hara, J., Kazi, A., Twumasi, R., & Haslam, R. (2016).
Proactive occupational safety and health management: Promoting good health
and good business. Safety science, 81, 99-108.
Health and Safety Authority, (2004). Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazards.
[Online]. Available through: <
www.hsa.ie/eng/Your_Industry/Chemicals/Legislation.../Chemical.../
Risk_Assessment/>. [Accessed on 6th June 2019].
Howard, J. (2017). Nonstandard work arrangements and worker health and
safety. American journal of industrial medicine, 60(1), 1-10.
Ives, J. H. (2017). The export of hazard: Transnational corporations and
environmental control issues. Routledge.
Kim, Y., Park, J., & Park, M. (2016). Creating a culture of prevention in
occupational safety and health practice. Safety and health at work, 7(2), 89-96.
Mills, C. (2016). Regulating health and safety in the British mining industries,
1800–1914. Routledge.
8
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