Occupational Safety and Health Hazards in BHP Billiton: A Risk Analysis

This report analyzes the occupational safety and health hazards in BHP Billiton, a mining company, and provides recommendations for risk management. It covers topics such as OSH Hazard Communication Standards, safety and health management system audits, and occupational safety and health training.

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Project Processes and Systems
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Occupational Safety and Health Hazards
Executive Summary
As a result of the massive growth and progress in workplace technologies, it has led to a
rising concern in occupational safety and health hazards. Workers are supposed to be
protected from occupational risks which they are likely to get exposed. In order to ensure
occupation safety in the workplace all organizations are required to adhere to OSH Hazard
Communication Standards. Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a discipline that deals
with the preclusion of work-linked hurts as well as illnesses in addition to the safeguard and
promotion of the workforce health. The primary objective of OSH is to enhance a better
working setting, thus occupational health involves the promotion as well as maintenance of
the greatest extent of psychological, physical and the social safety of employees in all
professions. Occupational health and safety is a concern of the wellbeing of the present day
workforces, that has been enforce by BHP Billiton to ensure that its workforces are safe.
However, due to the development of industrialisation and service providing department
developments in the place of work it has led to the booming of health problems. Currently,
workplace safety and health hazards has become the driving force towards identifying
solutions on the manner in which to prevent it from happening. Therefore, workplace health
and safety is an integral element to the viability of businesses for not only employers, and
labour unions but also governments as a whole. Consequently, occupational health and safety
is a concern of the wellbeing of the present day workforces. In order to ensure that BHP
Billiton meet occupational safety and health, it has to make sure that it observe the OSH
Hazard Communication Standards. Nonetheless, BPH Billiton understands that for these
standards can only be met by inspecting its workplace, creating a safety and health work plan
training of the workforce and keeping the safety and health of its records updated.

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Keywords: Occupational Health and Safety, Occupational Safety and Health
Administration and Hazard Communication Standard.
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................4
Background and Environment of the Project.............................................................................5
Scope management and Actual Approach.................................................................................6
Scope Management Alternative Approach................................................................................7
Time Management Actual Approach.........................................................................................8
Time Management Alternative Approach................................................................................10
Cost Management Actual Approach........................................................................................11
Cost Management Alternative Approach.................................................................................13
Safety and health management System Audits....................................................................13
Quality Management Actual Approach...................................................................................14
Quality Management Alternative Approach............................................................................16
Occupational Safety and Health Training in Relation to other Worksite Practices.............16
Findings and Recommendations..............................................................................................18

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Findings................................................................................................................................18
Recommendations................................................................................................................18
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................20

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Introduction
As a result of the massive growth and progress in workplace technologies, it has led to
a rising concern in occupational safety and health hazards. Nevertheless, occupational safety
and health risk is not restricted to certain companies but it cuts across all organizations.
Therefore, workers are in the workplace are exposed to physical, biological chemical and
psychological risk. Occupational safety and health (OSH) is a discipline that deals with the
preclusion of work-linked hurts as well as illnesses in addition to the safeguard and
promotion of the workforce health (Tsang et al., 2018, p. 203). The primary objective of OSH
is to enhance a better working setting, thus occupational health involves has to promote as
well as maintain the greatest extent of psychological, physical and the social safety of
employees in all professions. In accordance to the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA), the agency shows that health impairments, accidents, injuries as
well as injuries that are related to the place of work can cause a great human suffering and
make organizations to incur huge expenses to those affected and the society at large. As a
result, there is need for occupational health and safety measures to work and see to it that it
prevents these repercussions. Accordingly, workplace health and safety has become an
integral element to the viability of businesses for not only employers, and labour unions but
also governments as a whole. Therefore, occupational health and safety is a concern of the
wellbeing of the present day workforces. However, due to the development of
industrialisation and service providing department developments in the place of work it has
led to the booming of health problems. Currently, workplace safety and health hazards has
become the driving force towards identifying solutions on the manner in which to prevent it
from happening (Sousa, Almeida, and Dias, 2014, p. 78). Consequently, in order to make
sure that workplace safety and health hazards are reduced to as low as possible organizations
have to observe OSHA’s Hazard Communication Standards (HCS). Information acquired

Project Processes and Systems 6
through the HCS plays a significant role to employers by offering them safer workplace for
their workforces. When the workforce has information about the chemicals in use, it will
become easier for them to take necessary steps to minimize exposures, replace them with less
hazardous materials and come up with well-organised workplace practices. Such efforts will
aid in preventing the happening of work-connected injuries, sicknesses and even deaths
caused by chemicals at BHP Billiton. BHP Billiton is a mining company where health and
safety measures pose an important aspect for the organization. Therefore, BHP Billiton has
set clear requirements in its projects with minimum mandatory controls to manage and
protect health and wellbeing of its workerforce. This report gives a description of the
occupational health and health hazard risk analysis with regard to BHP Billiton case.
Background and Environment of the Project
BHP Billiton being a mining company is not exceptional from the occupational safety
and health risks. Some of BHP Billiton harmful health risks and agents at its workplace
comprise exposure to musculoskeletal stressor, noise, dust of coal mine, silica as well as
diesel particulate matter. Thus, it is important to manage the company’s risks exposure with
internally occupational health exposure such as OSH. In the modern days, there has been
need to understand the galloping industrialisation together with its demand for highly as well
as inherently life threatening energy sources, like the usage of transport and nuclear systems
and the highly complex technologies. Accordingly, all these aspects have led to the
development of more and more sophisticated risk and management approaches. Indeed, for
all sectors of human activity in which BHP Billiton is part, there is need for a balance to be
made between the benefits as well as the expense of risk taking. Therefore it is important to
carry out a risk assessment and management in any working environment (Haas, and Yorio,
2016, p. 115). But before assessing and managing the risk it is significant to have a clear

Project Processes and Systems 7
understanding of the relationship between a hazard and risk. A hazard is the latent of an item,
practise or circumstance to lead to a harm, severe health impacts on an individual or damage
to a certain item. This can result from a chemical (which is an intrinsic properties) electricity
or compressed gas cylinder (potential energy) or working on a ladder which is a situation, a
slippery floor or a source of fire. On the other hand risk is the possibility that an individual
will get injured or experience adversative health effects in case they are wide-open to a
danger or a possessions will be impaired. Thus, so as to be able to manage occupational risks,
it is important to conduct a hazard and risk identification. Hazard and risk identification helps
to know what is likely to cause harm to an employee and also the property in danger in order
to understand how to develop and implement the appropriate protective and preventive
measures.
Scope management and Actual Approach
Despite the fact that safety and health standards are international, the extent to which
act is required will rely on the extent of the company, the vulnerabilities presented by its
practices, the firm’s products or services and its physical features as well as the adequacy of
its available arrangements (Hale, Borys, and Adams, 2015, p. 113). Most of the successful
safety and health controlling features are related to the comprehensive management activities
supported by the supporters of quality management, the excellence of the company and
environmental protection. Indeed, a majority of the successful corporations like BHP Billiton
and others are in most cases excellent in their safety and health management. Specifically
because they use similar proficient business capability to safety and health in all their
operation features. Although, the quality controlling of products, services and ecological
safety mainly protects the physical phenomena, safety and health controlling in the place of
work entail safe guarding employee and enhancement of a safe culture between workers and
employers. In this essence, quality management systems helps in supporting constant

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improvement in all aspects of a company’s practices (Scholl, Okun, and Schulte, 2017).
These management system is built on a continuous process of:
Ascertaining the main processes;
Establishing performance criterions;
Evaluating success against the set out standards;
Taking the corrective actions and
Identification of the prospects for expansion.
Nevertheless, the accomplishment of quality supervision calls for the establishment of
reassuring organizational values. Indeed, quality management systems emphasis on the
significance of the active engagement of all workforces in the quality development together
with the active involvement of the leadership team. According to Yorio, PWillmer, and
Moore (2015) success in quality management demands for the development of a supportive
organizational culture. Therefore, corporations that manage safety and health ought to have
positive safety cultures as well as active safety consultation programs. In this light, the core
components of a successful safety and health management system include:
Hazard identification;
Deciding on who is likely to be harmed and in which way;
Risk evaluation and deciding on the precautions to be undertaken;
Recording the findings and implementing them;
Assessment review and updating
Certainly, the usage of the Occupational Safety and Health Management System
(OSHMS) is found on appropriate OSH standards, benchmarks and performance. The

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objective of this system is to offer a suitable assessment approach that will aid in the
improving presentation in the of events and accidents experience in the place of work using
effective hazard and risk management (Haas, and Yorio, 2016, p. 51). OSHMS is a logical,
sequential approach used for deciding the needs to be undertaken, how best to conduct them,
monitor their progress, evaluation of how well it should be done, and the identification of
areas that need improvement.
Scope Management Alternative Approach
BHP Billiton being a mining company its faces a number of safety and health risk
management thus to save the lives of its workers it has to have an alternative scope
management of these risks. Some of the core features of an effective safety and health
management system should take account of policy and commitment, design, implementation
and operation, measuring of performance and auditing and reviewing of performance.
Policy and commitment: It is the duty of the organization to prepare an occupational safety
and health policy program, which is part of its safety requirement. In this case the corporation
has to set out effective safety and health regulations in a simple manner. As a result of, when
safety and health regulations are clear it becomes easier to demonstrate commitment for
continuous improvement (Koivupalo, Sulasalmi, Rodrigo, and Väyrynen, 2015, p. 130).
These regulations are created to make sure that all people become responsible to help foster a
setting that is capable of meeting the letter of the law. Consequently, these regulations are
supposed to be cost-effective methods that are able to develop and preserve human and
physical resources to reduce monetary loses as well as liabilities.
Planning: It is expected that all companies are supposed to create a plan that meets its safety
and health policy as outlined in the Safety Statement. Therefore, an organization should make
sure that it has structured it management in the best way possible for offering this policy.

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Thus, these safety and health goals as well the organization’s targets should be set for all
employees including managers.
Time Management Actual Approach
Implementation and operation: In order for effective implementation, the company
has to develop support as well as capacities that are required for the achievement of safety
and health regulations, targets and objectives (Lutchman, Ghanem, and Maharaj, 2016). As a
result, all workforces need to be encouraged and empowered to work in a safe way to protect
their long run health and not only to avert accidents. To make the implementation process a
success these arrangements have to be:
 Sustained through effective communication that has the potential to promote
competency that enable all workers as well as their representatives in making
informed and responsible contributions to the safety and health efforts.
 Reinforced by effective employee engagement and participation through suitable
consultation, representation systems and the usage of safety committee where there
exists.
However, there has to be a well-planned and systematic approach to see to it that the
safety and health policy has been implemented in an effective safety and health management
system. The target is normally to reduce on the risks, thus the risk management approaches
are used to determine priorities and enforcing aims that are used for eliminating hazards and
declining risks. If possible, risks can be eliminated by the picking and designing of facilities
processes and equipment. In case the risk cannot be rendered off completely, it has to be
reduced to as far as possible using safe systems and physical controls of work and with the
provision of protective equipment. Therefore, the performance standards have to be created
and applied for measuring achievements, but for these standards to be effective certain unique
practices and health culture should be identified. The identification of these positive safety

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regulations should be universal and in line with the common understanding of the company’s
values, mission and beliefs. In this essence the organization’s leadership has to actively foster
a constructive safety and health culture.
Measuring of performance: All working environment are supposed to measure, evaluate
and monitor its safety and health performance. In most cases the performance is measured
against a set out and agreed standards to help reveal when and where improvements have to
be undertaken. For instance, organizations in the current days are using self-active monitoring
to reveal the extent of effectiveness of a safety and health management system against its
functioning. Self-monitoring considers several aspects such as software which comprise
systems, people and procedures while the hardware consists of substances, plant and premises
as well as performance and behaviours. Consequently, in cases where controls fails, reactive
monitoring are supposed to determine the reason for such failures, by scrutinising the
incidents, practices that are likely to have resulted in the harm. The aim of the active and
reactive monitoring include:
 The identification of the immediate causes of the substandard performance;
 To determine all underlying causes and implications for the design and operation of
the health and safety management system.
Auditing and reviewing performance: It is the responsibility of all organizations to review
and improve their safety and health management system constantly, to see to it that the
general safety and health performance keeps on improving continuously. In this case there
should be a sequential review of performance according to monitoring of data from
independent audits of the entire safety and health management system (Maguire, 2017).
Subsequently, these form the foundation for complying with the company’s duties under the
2005 Act as well as other statutory provisions. For the success of safety and health hazard

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control for all organizations should have powerful commitment for the constant improvement
by involving development systems, policies, as well as techniques of risk management.
Time Management Alternative Approach
Auditing is the primary element of interest in OSHMS as it has the ability to measure
the performance of the system regarding whether it is making improvements over time or not.
Accordingly, the quality of this measurements is solely based on the quality of the auditing
mechanism, this can be external or internal depending on the competence of the auditors
(Maguire, 2017). In general the auditing process entails the procedure of monitoring, done by
a competent individual or team of people that are independent of the system process. In light
of this, such auditing process is carried out after a certain period, which is designed to aid in
the determining of whether the OHS management system together with its components are in
place, sufficient and effective in offering the workforces with the safety and health in terms
of preventing the occurrence of accidents as well as the prevention of such incidents. In so
doing, these audits helps the corporation by providing a means of measuring the system
performance with time.
Therefore, when planning for advancements, the auditing evidence has to always been
reviewed alongside other data on system performance. As a result, an auditing score system
provides the benchmark for the forth coming improvements instead of making highlights of
the previous system achievements. In this case, the auditing team is tasked with providing a
conclusion on what has to be determined that is whether to implement the OSHMS is
effective in realizing the company’s OSH regulations and goals as well as enhancing the
entire employee participation (Sousa, Almeida, and Dias, 2015, p 188). Consequently, the
organization’s response to the OSH outcome performance analysis in addition to past audits,
puts the company in a better position to attain its compliance to with the relevant national and
international workplace laws. As such practices helps the company in attaining its objectivity

Project Processes and Systems 13
of constant improvements and outstanding OSH practices. Nevertheless, audits call for a
well-structured communication in the organization go make it possible when the auditing
process is being carried out, the workforce will be readily available to provide the required
information in the form of site access, records and documents as well as interviews. That is to
mean that for the successful safety and health management system, the organization needs to
have a good communication methods in place to facilitate for audit findings.
Cost Management Actual Approach
It is important that health and safety management systems are supported by a certain
amount of cost so as to decline on the rate of injuries and deaths in workplaces. Statistical
reports shows that most of the accidents reported in organizations are as a result of poor
handling of health and safety management (Schulte et al., 2014, p 2153). Nevertheless, the
main problem is because of inadequate money allocation by these organizations to
safety/health departments. According to the occupational safety and health (OSH)
management system it consists of five primary features with operates based on the
multinational agreed upon Demming cycle of Plan-Do-Check-Act, which is essential to the
health/safety system management (Sousa, Almeida, and Dias, 2014, p 81). These features
include policy, planning and implementation organization, evaluation and action for
improvement. Policy include OSH element policy and worker participation. In this case OSH
management system acts as the backbone that set directives from the company to follow.
Organizing comprise the component of accountability and responsibility, communication,
training and competency as well as documentation. Therefore, organization strive to see to it
that the company allocates the safety/health management system enough resources for the
delivery of OSH policy.
On the other hand, planning and implementation has the element of initial review,
system designing, development and implementation, as well as OSH aims and hazard

Project Processes and Systems 14
prevention (Hale, Borys, and Adams, 2015, p. 113). With the help of the initial review, it
reveals the amount of money allocated concerning OSH matters, and then make use of this
information as the basis for the implementation of the OSH policy. Similarly, evaluation
comprise the components of performance measurement and monitoring, scrutiny of job-
related harms, illnesses and other incidents not forgetting the audit and management reviews.
Through the evaluation process, it is possible to identify the way OSH management system is
operational in any given corporation. The OSH management system helps to highlight all
weaknesses that require improvement, and it entails the most essential aspects of auditing that
has to be carried at each phase to shows how the organization has invested in its occupational
safety and health system (Sousa, Almeida, and Dias, 2015, p 186). After undertaking an
evaluation process, it becomes possible to implement the necessary preventive as well as
corrective moves that were identified during the evaluation and auditing process.
Additionally, there is need for emphasis on the need for continuous improvement of OSH
performance which is done through the continuous policy developments, techniques and
systems that work to prevent and control job-related accidents, diseases and ill-health.
Indeed, since the OSH performance process keeps on changing due to the changes in
technology which leads to new work-related accidents, illnesses and injuries the company has
to allocate the safety/health department sufficient funds to run this projects.
Cost Management Alternative Approach
Safety and health management System Audits
It is important for a company to establish and uphold a program and periodic
procedural safety and health management system audits undertaking to enable for a critical
appraisal of all features of the safety and health management system (Steege, Boiano, and
Sweeney, 2014, p. 643). Auditing is a well-organised procedures that gather independent data
on the effectiveness efficiency as well as dependability of the entire safety and health

Project Processes and Systems 15
management system to help draw up corrective actions and plans. Such audits are supposed
to be performed in addition to the normal, inspection, monitoring and surveillance of the
safety and health management system. The core objective of these audits is to make sure that
there is constant sustainability effectiveness, and adequacy of the safety and health
management system (Schulte et al., 2014, p 2153). Certainly, the auditing process is done to
see to it that all the necessary data has been gathered to allow the organization administration
to undertake evaluation process adequately.
These auditing protocols and processes ought to be created, written and maintained
and should contain the flowing elements:
 Resource allocation to processes;
 Personnel requirements which consists of the audit team. The auditing team should
comprise auditors with adequate training skills to enable them to physically assess
both human and other factors and make use of these processes and audits records
where possible.
 Techniques for performing and recording of the audits, this can include interviews,
checklists, measurements, direct observation and questionnaires.
 Procedures for giving audit report findings to the responsible teams to enable for
timely corrective measures and improvement
Quality Management Actual Approach
The most basic program thrusts include the OSH training which entails the provision
of employees with basic instructions to make sure that they are in position to recognize the
known hazards through the use of readily available protection methods. Indeed, workforce
education prepares an individual; to be capable of dealing with potential hazard or unforeseen
challenges. The education process offers workers with directions on the manner in which to
become well informed and how to seek for actions to exclude the hazard (Sousa, Almeida,

Project Processes and Systems 16
and Dias, 2014, p 77). Similarly, as it is plainly explained in the Office of Technology
Assessment (OTA) reports regarding on how to prevent injuries and illnesses in the place of
work; the difference between employee education and training programs is often unclear.
Thus, it is dependent about the responsibility of the worker to assume the process.
Nonetheless, despite the fact that it is not possible to differentiate between workforce training
and education, the OTA report has suggested several programs.
Fundamental Programs: These programs includes instruction with the aim of
preventing work-linked injury as well as sicknesses by advocating for proper use and
maintenance of equipment, tools, knowledge of emergence processes, requirements for
medical monitoring, individual as well as the usage of personal protective equipment for non-
routine operations as an interim security till when engineering mechanism can be employed.
Recognition Programs: Such programs consists of instruction that stress on the
awareness of workplace hazards; knowledge of approaches of hazard eradication or
regulation; enhancing the right-to-know approaches and laws for gathering information
regarding place of work hazards; recognition of symptoms of toxic exposures as well as the
observation and reporting of hazards or likely hazards to the appropriate bodies (Khan, and
Hashemi, 2017, pp.3, 9-10). In most cases, organizations can support their safety and health
using the training activities advocated by OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. These
standard demands that employers provide workers with the chemical hazards existing in their
area of work and the methods on how to minimize apparent risks. Certainly, most employers
make use of Material Safety Data Sheets alongside labels as well as training as the main
safety and health communication prescriptions.
Problem-Solving Programs: The aim of instructions is to equip employees with
information as well as skills to help them take part in the identification of hazards and their

Project Processes and Systems 17
control activities. Accordingly, such information that is used in the identification of hazards
aids to identify/solve problems through working as a team. These problem-solving programs
include the use of management and unions as means to exercising rights to have external
agencies investigating workplace hazards when warranted. On the same note, these programs
can be done in the form of an organization allowing for the input of its employees in its
planning of new operations is taken as a viable methodology for enhancing productivity,
employee motivation, and the quality of products. By expanding this method to hazard
management it look reasonable particularly because employees owing to their daily work
experience, are in possession of intimate knowledge of the hazards linked with their
occupations. Thus they act as a rich source for corrective ideas. In accordance to Brauer
(2016) the scholar notes that the involving of workforce in hazard regulation mechanism in
the workplace plays a significant success because they clearly know all kinds of problems
that may exist in that field of work.
Empowerment Programs: These programs offers instructions on how to build and enlarge
employees’ skills in the recognition of hazards and problem-solving skills. Accordingly, the
target of this program is to make sure that workers are able to effect the laid down control
measures (Demirkesen, and Arditi, 2015, 1163). To make sure this is achieved he
empowerment program conducts education programs whereby it educates the organization’s
supervisors who later on have to continue the education process by educating the workforce
that is directly under them. Consequently, to make sure that these programs are functional,
empowerment programs use committee processes and safety/health contract recognitions.
Quality Management Alternative Approach
Occupational Safety and Health Training in Relation to other Worksite
Practices
In most cases, OSH training that is implemented in the place of work is rarely a stand-
alone position. For instance, OSH training though it is part and parcel of any job skills

Project Processes and Systems 18
training, it also has some add-ons (Hammer, 2015). The on-the-job training type, it covers
both objectives that is work methodologies to be learned as well as safe work prescriptions as
outlined by OSHA standards. Therefore, OSH training acts as a component of hazard
regulating program. It is beyond reasonable doubt that instructions contained in hazard
recognition and control approaches, use of personal protective equipment, and knowledge of
emergence processes cannot be different but their extent depend on the requirements dictated
by OSHA. Accordingly, the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard dictates that all
organizations have a documented training plan (Reese, 2015). These plans describes the
nature of instructions in making sure that employees get to know the chemical hazards that
they are likely to be exposed to. Similarly, these plans help to ensure that workers are able to
recognize symptoms of overexposure, and the safety measures to be taken among many
others. Therefore, OSH training acts as an element of constant job training as well as
workplace hazard regulation program practice. Accordingly, by circling both job training as
well as occupational safety and health management efforts these factors altogether act as the
success of a safe and health productive organization.
Subsequently, in order to realize the best result regarding occupational safety and
health there has to be a transferability of the training to real-time demands of the workplace
(Labour.gov.on.ca, 2018). In this sense, some of the factors that will help to realize the above
success include the usage of motivational efforts to trigger the training practice and
supporting of post-training performance both in hazard and production control terms. The
most effective management actions and policies are those that will place the organization’s
productivity as well as safety and health of the employee at par and not in conflict.
Particularly, OSH training applies measures that are immediate to the learning process. For
instance the figure below indicates how organization are encircling both job training and
occupational safety and health management programs together.

Project Processes and Systems 19
Figure 1: Illustration of Occupational Safety and Health OSH Training Nested in an
Employer’s Program
Findings and Recommendations
Findings
Indeed all works exposes workers to hazards be it dangerous machinery, electricity,
loads that are manually handled, working with display screen equipment or toxic substance.
As a result, it is important for BHP Billiton to ensure that its workplace is free of risk of
safety and health. Therefore, to realize this the organization has to identify all the possible
hazards that are likely to cause accidents, assess this risks, put risk control measures in place
and make to undertake regular risk control measures.
Recommendations
The safety and health of a workplace is incredibly significant, thus employers have
the biggest responsibility to play in making sure that they protect the wellbeing of their
employees. Consequently, in so doing, this process is likely to decline on the numerous
injuries and ill-health cases and in return it will help to boost the productivity of the

Project Processes and Systems 20
organization as a whole (Labour.gov.on.ca, 2018). Nevertheless, while this issue can be seen
as the responsibility of the employer alone, it is not. Safety and health management calls for
the efforts of all stakeholders in the organization. Therefore, in order to realize occupational
safety and health organizations can take the following approaches.
Inspect their workplace: The initial step towards a safe and health workplace entails
undertaking an inspection of the workplace with the aid of certified safety and health
officials. Certified officers are vital because they have experience in in defying any hazard
within the workplace setting; these personnel can play a big role in ensuring all stones are
unturned in terms of hazard identification.
Create a safety and health plan: This plan helps to control and eradicate all hazards
within the workplace and its will comprise all stakeholders in the organization.
Training of the workforce: It is vital to provide the workforces with all the necessary
safety and health training.
Ensure that safety and health records are updated: Keeping of up to date safety and
health records is extremely vital (Reese, 2015). The management should take mote of the
dates of when the training and inspections were conducted and also when any incidents
happened as well as other follow-up actions. By cross checking these records constantly it
will aid the organization to identify the trends of its workplace conditions to help it take
necessary action to corrects the matter where required.
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